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The energy consumption in a batch stripper and a batch rectifier

Xianbao CUI, Tianyang FENG, Ying ZHANG, Zhicai YANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0266-6

摘要： The energy consumption in a batch rectifier and a batch stripper was investigated with a shortcut mathematical model. The minimum energy consumption of a batch stripper was compared to that of a batch rectifier under “general constant reflux” and “general constant distillate composition” with the ratio of minimum energy consumption /. When the feed contains a large amount of light component, the product purity specification is low and the relative volatility is small, the minimum energy consumption of a batch stripper is less than that of a batch rectifier under “general constant reflux” and “general constant distillate composition”. When the feed contains a small amount of light component, the product purity specification is very high and the relative volatility is low, a batch stripper can also consume less energy only in the “general constant distillate composition” operation mode. In other cases, a batch rectifier can consume less energy.

关键词： constant reflux     feed     energy consumption     general constant     product purity    

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Influence of entrainer recycle for batch heteroazeotropic distillation

Laszlo Hegely, Peter Lang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 643-659 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1760-5

摘要：

Dehydration of isopropanol applying batch heteroazeotropic distillation with toluene as entrainer (E) is investigated. The composition of the feed is near to that of the isopropanol (A)-water (B) azeotrope. The effects of recycling the entrainer and the off-cut are studied by dynamic simulation with a professional flow-sheet simulator. Three consecutive batches (one production cycle) is studied. Both operational modes (Mode I: decantation after distillation and Mode II: decantation during distillation) are simulated. For Mode II, calculations are performed both for Strategy A (distillate from the aqueous (E-lean) phase only) and Strategy B (partial withdrawal of the organic (E-rich phase), as well). The E-rich phase, the final column hold-up and the off-cut (Mode II only) are recycled to the next batch. The influence of the following parameters are determined: quantity of entrainer, reflux ratios of the steps. The variations caused by the recycling in the 2nd and 3rd batches are also shown. The best results (lowest specific energy demand and highest recovery of A) are obtained by Mode II, Strategy A. Recycling increases the recovery, and drastically diminishes the entrainer consumption. However, it makes the production slower and decreases the quantity of fresh feed that can be processed.

关键词： batch distillation     heteroazeotropic distillation     operational policies     off-cut recycle     entrainer    

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Micromixing performance of the teethed high shear mixer under semi-batch operation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 546-559 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2069-3

摘要： Semi-batch operated reaction processes are necessary for some competitive reaction systems to achieve a desirable process selectivity and productivity of fine chemical products. Herein the structural and operating parameters of the teethed high shear mixers were adjusted to study the micromixing performance in the semi-batch operated system, using the Villermaux/Dushman reaction system. The results indicate that the rising of the rotor speed and the number of rotor teeth, the decrease of the width of the shear gap and the radial distance between the feed position and the inner wall of stator can enhance the micromixing level and lead to the decrease of the segregation index. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics calculations were carried out to disclose the evolution of the flow pattern and turbulent energy dissipation rate of the semi-batch operated high shear mixer. Furthermore, the correlation was established with a mean relative error of 8.05% and R2 of 0.955 to fit the segregation index and the parameters studied in this work, which can provide valuable guidance on the design and optimization of the semi-batch operated high shear mixers in practical applications.

关键词： high shear mixer     semi-batch operation     micromixing performance     Villermaux/Dushman system     segregation index    

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Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint

Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017034

摘要： This study addresses the problem of two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint; thus, the makespan is minimized. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for this problem. Three tight lower bounds and a heuristic algorithm are developed. The worst-case performance of the proposed algorithm is discussed. A hybrid differential evolution algorithm is also developed to improve the solution quantity. Numerical results show that the hybrid algorithm is capable of obtaining high-quality solutions and exhibits a competitive performance

关键词： batch machine     flow shop     makespan     limited waiting time    

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Repeated batch fermentation with water recycling and cell separation for microbial lipid production

Yumei WANG, Wei LIU, Jie BAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 453-460 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1210-8

摘要： Large waste water disposal was the major problem in microbial lipid fermentation because of low yield of lipid. In this study, the repeated batch fermentation was investigated for reducing waste water generated in the lipid fermentation of an oleaginous yeast CX1 strain. The waste fermentation broth was recycled in the next batch operation after the cells were separated using two different methods, centrifugation and flocculation. Two different sugar substrates, glucose and inulin, were applied to the proposed operation. The result showed that at least 70% of the waste water was reduced, while lipid production maintained satisfactory in the initial four cycles. Furthermore, it is suggested that CX1 cells might produce certain naturally occurring inulin hydrolyzing enzyme(s) for obtaining fructose and glucose from inulin directly. Our method provided a practical option for reducing the waste water generated from microbial lipid fermentation.

关键词： batch fermentation     microbial lipid     Trichosporon cutaneum CX1     flocculation     waste water recycle    

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 764-773 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2114-2

摘要： Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases. However, the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application. Herein, we report an especially designed multistage-batch (two/three-stage-batch) BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid (Vacid), base (Vbase), and salt compartments (Vsalt). The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the three-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:2. Besides, the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process. With the two-stage-batch BMED, the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L–1, which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED. The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable, cost-effective, and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis     multistage-batch     base production     high-salinity wastewater    

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A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 784-802 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1858-4

摘要： The increasing demand of goods, the high competitiveness in the global marketplace as well as the need to minimize the ecological footprint lead multipurpose batch process industries to seek ways to maximize their productivity with a simultaneous reduction of raw materials and utility consumption and efficient use of processing units. Optimal scheduling of their processes can lead facilities towards this direction. Although a great number of mathematical models have been developed for such scheduling, they may still lead to large model sizes and computational time. In this work, we develop two novel mathematical models using the unit-specific event-based modelling approach in which consumption and production tasks related to the same states are allowed to take place at the same event points. The computational results demonstrate that both proposed mathematical models reduce the number of event points required. The proposed unit-specific event-based model is the most efficient since it both requires a smaller number of event points and significantly less computational time in most cases especially for those examples which are computationally expensive from existing models.

关键词： scheduling     multipurpose batch processes     simultaneous transfer     mixed-integer linear programming    

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Effect of different gas releasing methods on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch cultures

Sheng CHANG, Jianzheng LI, Feng LIU, Ze YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 901-906 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0403-1

摘要： Decreasing hydrogen partial pressure can not only increase the activity of the hydrogen enzyme but also decrease the products inhibition, so it is an appropriate method to enhance the fermentative hydrogen production from anaerobic mixed culture. The effect of biogas release method on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch culture system was compared, i.e., Owen method with intermediately release, continuous releasing method, and continuous releasing+ CO absorbing. The experimental results showed that, at 35°C, initial pH 7.0 and glucose concentration of 10 g·L , the hydrogen production was only 28 mL when releasing gas by Owen method, while it increased two times when releasing the biogas continuously. The cumulative hydrogen production could reach 155 mL when carbon dioxide in the gas stream was continuously absorbed by 1 mol·L NaOH. The results showed that acetate was dominated, accounting for 43% in the dissolved fermentation products in Owen method, whereas the butyrate predominated and reached 47%–53% of the total liquid end products when releasing gas continuously. It is concluded that the homoacetogenesis could be suppressed when absorbing CO in the gas phase in fermentative hydrogen production system.

关键词： batch fermentation     hydrogen production     biogas releasing     hydrogen pressure     homoacetogenesis    

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Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in aerobic granules formed in sequencing batch airlift reactors

WANG Fang, YANG Fenglin, QI Aijiu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 184-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0032-2

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria isolated from aerobic granules. Aerobic granules were formed in an internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR) and biodegradation of NH3--N was analyzed in the reactor. Bacteria were isolated and determined from aerobic granules using selected media. The growth properties and morphology of bacteria colonies were observed by controlling aerobic or anaerobic conditions in the culture medium. It was found that bacteria in aerobic granules were diverse and some of them were facultative aerobes. The diversity of bacteria in aerobic granules was a premise of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
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Influence of aeration intensity on the performance of A/O-type sequencing batch MBR system treating azo

Xinhua WANG, Jingmei LI, Xiufen LI, Guocheng DU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 615-622 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0362-y

摘要： Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m ·h aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 6.21 L·m ·h , respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L COD, 0.84 mg·L ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity, the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g VSS, 38.8 mg·g VSS and 90.8 mg·g VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux.

关键词： batch membrane bioreactor     azo dye     aeration intensity     extracellular polymeric substances     sludge properties    

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Improvement of nitrification efficiency by bioaugmentation in sequencing batch reactors at low temperature

Di CUI,Ang LI,Tian QIU,Rui CAI,Changlong PANG,Jihua WANG,Jixian YANG,Fang MA,Nanqi REN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 937-944 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0668-7

摘要： Bioaugmentation is an effective method of treating municipal wastewater with high ammonia concentration in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at low temperature (10°C). The cold-adapted ammonia- and nitrite- oxidizing bacteria were enriched and inoculated, respectively, in the bioaugmentation systems. In synthetic wastewater treatment systems, the average -N removal efficiency in the bioaugmented system (85%) was much higher than that in the unbioaugmented system. The effluent -N concentration of the bioaugmented system was stably below 8 mg·L after 20 d operation. In municipal wastewater systems with bioaugmentation, the effluent -N concentration was below 8 mg·L after 15 d operation. The average -N removal efficiency in unbioaugmentation system (about 82%) was lower compared with that in the bioaugmentation system. By inoculating the cold-adapted nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) into the SBRs after 10 d operation, the nitrite concentration decreased rapidly, reducing the -N accumulation effectively at low temperature. The functional microorganisms were identified by PCR-DGGE, including uncultured sp., uncultured sp., sp. and uncultured sp. The results suggested that the cold-adapted microbial agent of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB could accelerate the start-up and promote achieving the stable operation of the low-temperature SBRs for nitrification.

关键词： nitrification     sequencing batch reactors (SBRs)     bioaugmentation     low temperature    

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Biological chip technology to quickly batch select optimum cryopreservation procedure

YU Lina, LIU Jing, ZHOU Yixin, HUA Zezhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 316-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0046-2

摘要： In the practices of cryobiology, selection of an optimum freeze/thawing program and an idealistic cryoprotective agent often requires rather tedious, time consuming and repetitive tests. Integrating the functions of sample preparation and viability detection, the concept of biochip technology was introduced to the field of cryopreservation, aiming at quickly finding an optimum freezing and thawing program. Prototype devices were fabricated and corresponding experimental tests were performed. It was shown that microflow-channel chip could not offer a high quality solution distribution. As an alternative, the spot-dropping chip proved to be an excellent way to load the sample quickly and reliably. Infrared thermal mapping on such a chip showed that it had a rather uniform heat transfer boundary. Applying the spot-dropping chip combined with the thermoelectric cooling device, the final output of cryopreservation of multiple samples was tested, and the optimal freeze/thawing program as well as the potentially best concentration of the cryoprotective agent was found by analyzing the results. Further, application of this technique to measure the thermo-physical properties of the cryo-protective agent was also investigated. The study demonstrated that a biochip with integrated automatic loading and inspection units opens the possibility of a massive optimization of the complex cryopreservation program in a quicker and more economical way.

关键词： idealistic cryoprotective     concentration     Prototype     technology     alternative    

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Effects of La, Ce on nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactor

Qing XIA , Rui LIANG , Yuning HONG , Lili DING , Hongqiang REN , Yuxiang MAO , Mingyu ZHAO ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 369-374 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0036-1

摘要： Batch experiments were conducted to study the short-term biological effects of rare earth ions (La, Ce) and their mixture on the nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The data showed that higher NH―N removal rate, total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency, and denitrification efficiency were achieved at lower concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) (<1mg/L). In the first hour of the aeration stage of SBR, the presence of REEs increased the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and NH―N removal efficiency by 15.7% and 10%―15%, respectively. When the concentrations of REEs were higher than 1mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency decreased, and nitrate was found to accumulate in the effluent. When the concentrations of REEs was up to 50.0mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency was less than 30% of the control efficiency with a high level of nitrate. Lower concentrations of REEs were found to accelerate the nitrogen conversion and removal in SBR.

关键词： rare earth     La3+     Ce3+     inorganic nitrogen     nitrogen removal     sequencing batch reactor    

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Synthesis and characterization of magnesium hydroxide by batch reaction crystallization

Xingfu SONG, Shuying SUN, Dengke ZHANG, Jin WANG, Jianguo YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 416-421 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1125-9

摘要： Magnesium hydroxide with high purity and uniform particle size distribution was synthesized by the direct precipitation method using MgCl and NaOH as reactive materials and NaCl as additive to improve the crystallization behavior of the product. The particle size distribution, crystal phase, morphology, and surface area of magnesium hydroxide were characterized by Malvern laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Branauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, respectively. The purity of products was analyzed by the chemical method. The effects of synthesis conditions on the particle size distribution and water content (filtration cake) of magnesium hydroxide were investigated. The results indicated that feeding mode and rate, and reaction temperature had important effects on water content and the particle size distribution of the product, and sodium chloride improved the crystallization behavior of magnesium hydroxide. The ball-like magnesium hydroxides with the particle size distribution of 6.0–30.0 μm and purity higher than 99.0% were obtained. This simple and mild synthesis method was promising to be scaled up for the industrial production of magnesium hydroxide.

关键词： magnesium hydroxide     direct precipitation method     industrial crystallization     particle size distribution    

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Comparative study on microbial community in intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and

Xiaolin Sheng, Rui Liu, Xiaoyan Song, Lujun Chen, Kawagishi Tomoki

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0929-3

摘要： A traditional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and two intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (IASBRs) were parallelly operated for treating digested piggery wastewater. Their microbial communities were analyzed, and the nitrogen removal performance was compared during the long–term run. IASBRs demonstrated higher removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH -N) than the SBR, and also demonstrated higher resistance against TN shock load. It was found that the more switch times between aerobic/anoxic in an IASBR, the higher the removal rates of TN and NH –N. All the reactors were predominated by , and , which were considered to be species of denitrifiers, ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), respectively. However, the abundance and diversity was of great difference. Compared with SBR, IASBRs achieved higher abundance of denitrification–related bacteria. IASBR 1 with four aerobic/anoxic switch times was detected with 25.63% of , higher than that in IASBR 2 with two aerobic/anoxic switch times (11.57% of ), and much higher than that in the SBR (only 6.19% of ). IASBR 2 had the highest percentage of AOB, while IASBR 1 had the lowest percentage. The denitrifiers abundance was significantly positive correlated with the TN removal rate. However, the NH –N removal rate showed no significant correlation with the AOB abundance, but might relate to the AOB activity which was influenced by the average free ammonium (FA) concentration. was the only NOB genus detectable in all reactors, and were less than 0.03%.

关键词： Digested piggery wastewater     Intermittent aeration     Microbial community     Partial nitrification–denitrification process     Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The energy consumption in a batch stripper and a batch rectifier

Xianbao CUI, Tianyang FENG, Ying ZHANG, Zhicai YANG,

期刊论文

Influence of entrainer recycle for batch heteroazeotropic distillation

Laszlo Hegely, Peter Lang

期刊论文

Micromixing performance of the teethed high shear mixer under semi-batch operation

期刊论文

Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint

Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI

期刊论文

Repeated batch fermentation with water recycling and cell separation for microbial lipid production

Yumei WANG, Wei LIU, Jie BAO

期刊论文

Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

期刊论文

A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

期刊论文

Effect of different gas releasing methods on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch cultures

Sheng CHANG, Jianzheng LI, Feng LIU, Ze YU

期刊论文

Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in aerobic granules formed in sequencing batch airlift reactors

WANG Fang, YANG Fenglin, QI Aijiu

期刊论文

Influence of aeration intensity on the performance of A/O-type sequencing batch MBR system treating azo

Xinhua WANG, Jingmei LI, Xiufen LI, Guocheng DU

期刊论文

Improvement of nitrification efficiency by bioaugmentation in sequencing batch reactors at low temperature

Di CUI,Ang LI,Tian QIU,Rui CAI,Changlong PANG,Jihua WANG,Jixian YANG,Fang MA,Nanqi REN

期刊论文

Biological chip technology to quickly batch select optimum cryopreservation procedure

YU Lina, LIU Jing, ZHOU Yixin, HUA Zezhao

期刊论文

Effects of La, Ce on nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactor

Qing XIA , Rui LIANG , Yuning HONG , Lili DING , Hongqiang REN , Yuxiang MAO , Mingyu ZHAO ,

期刊论文

Synthesis and characterization of magnesium hydroxide by batch reaction crystallization

Xingfu SONG, Shuying SUN, Dengke ZHANG, Jin WANG, Jianguo YU

期刊论文

Comparative study on microbial community in intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and

Xiaolin Sheng, Rui Liu, Xiaoyan Song, Lujun Chen, Kawagishi Tomoki

期刊论文