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Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2

摘要：

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed.

关键词： Driver-response Upper boundary of relationship Interpretable machine learning Quantile regression Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a

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Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 515-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0814-4

摘要： Pavement roughness (IRI—International Roughness Index values) influence the stability of traffic movements both on intercity roads and urban roads. This study is to determine the exact locations of critical pavement roughness values that affect traffic motion stability and comfort in city centre highway arteries. Roughness data with 10 m intervals were collected on a 3140 m divided road containing three consecutive signalized intersections in the city centre arterial. These data were analysed using the distance-dependent Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and checkerboard model. The sections where roughness is important were determined at a 95% confidence interval. The results will show where future pavement improvements should be prioritized for municipalities and road maintenance engineers and will form a basis for the urban road management system.

关键词： trend analysis checkerboard model IRI driver speed

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Distributed governance of Solar Radiation Management geoengineering: A possible solution to SRM’s “free-driver

Andrew LOCKLEY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 551-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0055-y

摘要： Geoengineering (deliberate climate modification) is a possible way to limit Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) (Shepherd, 2009; National Research Council, 2015). Solar Radiation Management geoengineering (SRM) offers relatively inexpensive, rapid temperature control. However, this low cost leads to a risk of controversial unilateral intervention—the “free-driver” problem (Weitzman, 2015). Consequently, this creates a risk of counter-geoengineering (deliberate warming) (Parker et al., 2018), resulting in governance challenges (Svoboda, 2017) akin to an arms race. Free-driver deployment scenarios previously considered include the rogue state, Greenfinger (Bodansky, 2013), or power blocs (Ricke et al., 2013), implying disagreement and conflict. We propose a novel distributed governance model of consensually-constrained unilateralism: Countries’ authority is limited to each state’s fraction of the maximum realistic intervention (e.g., pre-industrial temperature). We suggest a division of authority based on historical emissions (Rocha et al., 2015)—noting alternatives (e.g., population). To aid understanding, we offer an analogue: An over-heated train carriage, with passenger-controlled windows. We subsequently discuss the likely complexities, notably Coasian side-payments. Finally, we suggest further research: Algebraic, bot and human modeling; and observational studies.

关键词： geoengineering Solar Radiation Management governance decentralised

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Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 18-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4

摘要： With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations (“target-dependent resistance”) and in the parallel and downstream pathways (“target-independent resistance”). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.

关键词： non-small cell lung cancer driver mutations treatment strategy resistant mechanism immune-checkpoint inhibitors

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Fuel type preference of taxi driver and its implications for air emissions

Feng WANG,Beibei LIU,Bing ZHANG,Jun BI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 702-711 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0665-x

摘要： Natural gas became an available fuel for taxis in 2005 and had occupied a market share of 43.6% in taxi industry till 2010 in Nanjing, China. To investigate the energy replacement pattern as well as the pollutants reduction potential of the taxi industry, first, the fuel preference determinants of taxi drivers for their next taxis are analyzed. Results show that as an important alternative for the traditional gasoline, natural gas is widely accepted (75%) by taxi drivers. Different from the previous studies which focused on the early stage of cleaner fuel replacement, taxi drivers with various characteristics (such as age, working experience, and education level) are consistent with their fuel preference when they choose their next taxis. Result suggests that policies that concern consumers with specific characteristics may have little effects on the change of the market share, when the alternative fuel market has been developed well. In addition, the increased share of gas in the fuel market achieves a 7.2% reduction of energy consumption. Considering life cycle emissions, the following air pollutants, namely Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), carbonic oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO ), particulate matters (PM) and hydrocarbons (C H ), gain 10.0%, 3.5%, 20.5%, 36.1%, and 26.4% of reduction respectively. Assuming all taxi fleets powered by natural gas with local policy intervention, the energy conservation and the five major air pollutant emissions could achieve the maximum reductions with 12.2%, 16.0%, 8.8%, 22.5%, 44.2%, and 49.4% correspondingly.

关键词： fuel preference energy replacement environmental impacts taxi

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Experimental Study on the Piezoelectric Prestage Driver of Electrohydraulic Servo Valves

CHENG Guang-ming, SHEN Chuan-liang, YANG Zhi-gang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 56-59 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0017-4

摘要：

A piezoelectric actuated prestage driver of hydraulic servo valves for the low-frequency response of electrohydraulic servo valve electromagnetic prestage driver was presented. The new driver was driven by piezoelectric multilayer actuators. The displacement of a piezoelectric multilayer actuator was amplified by a flexure-hinged amplifier based on the principles of triangle amplification. Static and dynamic characteristics were tested on the model machine. The characteristics of good linearity, high resolution, and high-frequency response were approved. The natural frequency reached 1.201 kHz using finite element analysis, and the practice measurement result was 1 kHz.

关键词： flexure-hinged amplifier kHz amplification high-frequency electromagnetic

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嵌入式无线接入点网络驱动的设计与实现

王质礼,胡爱群,宋宇波

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 91-94

摘要：

分析了嵌入式Linux系统下网络驱动的体系机构和工作原理，结合PCMCIA驱动接口，着重论述了嵌入式Linux无线接入点网络驱动的基本软件模型和实现流程, 给出了网络驱动的性能测试结果。

关键词：嵌入式Linux 网络设备驱动 PCMCIA

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Development of a seismic design method based on response spectra for building structures

ZHOU Xiyuan, YU Ruifang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0014-2

摘要： The assumption and problem of the mode-superposition response spectrum method in seismic design code is discussed based on a brief review of the development of the seismic design method for building structures. The scope of application for the classical damping theory is analyzed and the necessity of the research on mode-superposition method for non-classical damping is presented. The progresses on the mode superposition response spectrum theory are discussed. This includes: 1) the complex mode superposition method (in real form) for the non-classically damped linear system and the general calculation formula for the application of code; 2) the complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) method for the non-classically damped linear system, which is based on the same assumptions as in deducing the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method which is popularly used in seismic design codes of many countries; 3) the complex complete quadratic combination with three components (CCQC3) method, which is a generalization of the CCQC method to the case of multi-components and multiple-support seismic excitations and deducing corresponding method; 4) the approach for calculation of seismic response of the non-classically damped system with overcritical damping and the calculation method of seismic response for the linear system with multiple eigenvalues; 5) the time-dependent CCQC (t) algorithm considering nonstationary earthquake ground motion; 6) an applied and effective method to solve the low order complex vector basis for the large linear non-classically damped system, which can be expediently used in practice to avoid the unknown errors coming from the forced uncoupling method; 7) bringing forward the concept of partial quadratic combination in order to reduce the calculation amount of CQC and CCQC methods, and studying the primary estimation-criterion. The reasonability and applicable scope of these methods are also briefly discussed in this paper.

关键词： generalization classical damping mode-superposition response calculation formula damping theory

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Confining pressure effect on dynamic response of high rockfill dam

Xuexing CAO, Yunlong HE, Kun XIONG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 116-126 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0014-5

摘要： Studies show that the dynamic properties of rockfill are strongly dependent on the confining pressure. Therefore, confining pressure effect has become a very important factor in the seismic analysis of high rockfill dam. The relationships of dynamic shear modulus versus dynamic shear strain and damping ratio versus dynamic shear strain had been improved to a certain degree on the basic of widely used Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model in this paper. Then a new model that could consider confining pressure effect has been established. Regression analysis was carried out of the dynamic triaxial experimental data of the damming materials in the Changheba hydropower station of Sichun Province, China. The results show that, the new model can fit the test data well under various confining pressures. A corresponding computational procedure was compiled and applied in the dynamic response analysis of the Changheba Dam. Comparing the calculation results between the new constitutive model and the ordinary Hardin-Drnevich model, it can be seen that the result is conservative to some extent without considering confining pressure effect.

关键词： confining pressure effect high rockfill dam dynamic response Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model

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Topology optimization of transient problem with maximum dynamic response constraint using SOAR scheme

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 593-606 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0636-4

摘要： This paper proposes a novel method for the continuum topology optimization of transient vibration problem with maximum dynamic response constraint. An aggregated index in the form of an integral function is presented to cope with the maximum response constraint in the time domain. The density filter solid isotropic material with penalization method combined with threshold projection is developed. The sensitivities of the proposed index with respect to design variables are conducted. To reduce computational cost, the second-order Arnoldi reduction (SOAR) scheme is employed in transient analysis. Influences of aggregate parameter, duration of loading period, interval time, and number of basis vectors in the SOAR scheme on the final designs are discussed through typical examples while unambiguous configuration can be achieved. Through comparison with the corresponding static response from the final designs, the optimized results clearly demonstrate that the transient effects cannot be ignored in structural topology optimization.

关键词： topology optimization solid isotropic material with penalization transient response aggregation function second-order Arnoldi reduction

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Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0696-3

摘要： China has become the largest producer of crude steel in the world since 1996, which places the country under huge pressure in terms of resources, energy, and the environment. Examining the driver of steel demand is of great significance to the structural adjustment and sustainable development of the steel industry. The researchers calculate the steel demand in China from 2000 to 2009 based on three sinks (steel stock, export, and loss) by taking the four stages of steel life cycle (production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling) as the study object. The researchers conclude that addition to in-use stock is the main driver of steel demand and that the 10-year average addition to in-use stock accounted for 77% of the steel sinks, in which 55% of the addition occurs in the building sector, and the steel for this segment is of low strength with large consumption. Based on the analysis of existing policies, the researchers propose that the steel demand structure will develop toward diversification and that the building sector will realize the upgrade of products as soon as possible to improve construction quality. Under the pressure of rising cost for imported resources, the export ratio of steel products should be controlled appropriately. Thus, recycling economy should be developed to reduce steel losses.

关键词： steel demand driver Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) addition to in-use stock steel policy

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Dynamic response of precast segmental bridge columns under heavy truck impact

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 327-349 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0911-z

摘要： Considering the wide application of precast segmental bridge columns (PSBCs) in engineering practice, impact-resistant performance has gained significant attention. However, few studies have focused on PSBCs subjected to high-energy impacts caused by heavy truck collisions. Therefore, the behavior of PSBCs under a heavy truck impact was investigated in this study using high-fidelity finite element (FE) models. The detailed FE modeling methods of the PSBCs and heavy trucks were validated against experimental tests. The validated modeling methods were employed to simulate collisions between PSBCs and heavy trucks. The simulation results demonstrated that the engine and cargo caused two major peak impact forces during collision. Subsequently, the impact force, failure mode, displacement, and internal force of the PSBCs under heavy truck impacts were scrutinized. An extensive study was performed to assess the influence of the section size, truck weight, impact velocity, and number of precast segments on the impact responses. The truck weight was found to have a minor effect on the engine impact force. Damage was found to be localized at the bottom of the three segments, with the top remaining primarily undamaged. This parametric study demonstrated that larger cross-sections may be a preferred option to protect PSBCs against the impact of heavy trucks.

关键词： precast segmental bridge columns heavy truck collision dynamic response

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基于主客观紧急度判断的车辆行驶模糊控制

陈雪梅,高　利

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第1期页码 53-57

摘要：

紧急情况下驾驶员能否做出准确、及时的判断和操作，对于防止交通事故具有重要的现实意义。为保证车辆行驶安全，有必要对车辆行驶中紧急度做出判断，并给出相应的控制算法。首先提出基于相对距离、车速和驾驶员基本特征的车辆行驶中紧急度，同时给出基于模糊推理的车辆行驶控制算法，并对其进行了仿真运算。仿真结果表明：情况越紧急，驾驶员会越快地采用最大制动减速度；驾驶员基本特征对制动操作的影响明显。总之，通过模糊推理控制后车的制动减速度，能实现后车的行车安全。

关键词：驾驶行为；紧急；模糊推理；安全

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Dynamic response surface methodology using Lasso regression for organic pharmaceutical synthesis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 221-236 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2061-y

摘要： To study the dynamic behavior of a process, time-resolved data are collected at different time instants during each of a series of experiments, which are usually designed with the design of experiments or the design of dynamic experiments methodologies. For utilizing such time-resolved data to model the dynamic behavior, dynamic response surface methodology (DRSM), a data-driven modeling method, has been proposed. Two approaches can be adopted in the estimation of the model parameters: stepwise regression, used in several of previous publications, and Lasso regression, which is newly incorporated in this paper for the estimation of DRSM models. Here, we show that both approaches yield similarly accurate models, while the computational time of Lasso is on average two magnitude smaller. Two case studies are performed to show the advantages of the proposed method. In the first case study, where the concentrations of different species are modeled directly, DRSM method provides more accurate models compared to the models in the literature. The second case study, where the reaction extents are modeled instead of the species concentrations, illustrates the versatility of the DRSM methodology. Therefore, DRSM with Lasso regression can provide faster and more accurate data-driven models for a variety of organic synthesis datasets.

关键词： data-driven modeling pharmaceutical organic synthesis Lasso regression dynamic response surface methodology