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Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 515-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0814-4

摘要： Pavement roughness (IRI—International Roughness Index values) influence the stability of traffic movements both on intercity roads and urban roads. This study is to determine the exact locations of critical pavement roughness values that affect traffic motion stability and comfort in city centre highway arteries. Roughness data with 10 m intervals were collected on a 3140 m divided road containing three consecutive signalized intersections in the city centre arterial. These data were analysed using the distance-dependent Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and checkerboard model. The sections where roughness is important were determined at a 95% confidence interval. The results will show where future pavement improvements should be prioritized for municipalities and road maintenance engineers and will form a basis for the urban road management system.

关键词： trend analysis checkerboard model IRI driver speed

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Distributed governance of Solar Radiation Management geoengineering: A possible solution to SRM’s “free-driver

Andrew LOCKLEY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 551-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0055-y

摘要： Geoengineering (deliberate climate modification) is a possible way to limit Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) (Shepherd, 2009; National Research Council, 2015). Solar Radiation Management geoengineering (SRM) offers relatively inexpensive, rapid temperature control. However, this low cost leads to a risk of controversial unilateral intervention—the “free-driver” problem (Weitzman, 2015). Consequently, this creates a risk of counter-geoengineering (deliberate warming) (Parker et al., 2018), resulting in governance challenges (Svoboda, 2017) akin to an arms race. Free-driver deployment scenarios previously considered include the rogue state, Greenfinger (Bodansky, 2013), or power blocs (Ricke et al., 2013), implying disagreement and conflict. We propose a novel distributed governance model of consensually-constrained unilateralism: Countries’ authority is limited to each state’s fraction of the maximum realistic intervention (e.g., pre-industrial temperature). We suggest a division of authority based on historical emissions (Rocha et al., 2015)—noting alternatives (e.g., population). To aid understanding, we offer an analogue: An over-heated train carriage, with passenger-controlled windows. We subsequently discuss the likely complexities, notably Coasian side-payments. Finally, we suggest further research: Algebraic, bot and human modeling; and observational studies.

关键词： geoengineering Solar Radiation Management governance decentralised

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Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 18-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4

摘要： With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations (“target-dependent resistance”) and in the parallel and downstream pathways (“target-independent resistance”). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.

关键词： non-small cell lung cancer driver mutations treatment strategy resistant mechanism immune-checkpoint inhibitors

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Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2

摘要：

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed.

关键词： Driver-response Upper boundary of relationship Interpretable machine learning Quantile regression Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a

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Fuel type preference of taxi driver and its implications for air emissions

Feng WANG,Beibei LIU,Bing ZHANG,Jun BI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 702-711 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0665-x

摘要： Natural gas became an available fuel for taxis in 2005 and had occupied a market share of 43.6% in taxi industry till 2010 in Nanjing, China. To investigate the energy replacement pattern as well as the pollutants reduction potential of the taxi industry, first, the fuel preference determinants of taxi drivers for their next taxis are analyzed. Results show that as an important alternative for the traditional gasoline, natural gas is widely accepted (75%) by taxi drivers. Different from the previous studies which focused on the early stage of cleaner fuel replacement, taxi drivers with various characteristics (such as age, working experience, and education level) are consistent with their fuel preference when they choose their next taxis. Result suggests that policies that concern consumers with specific characteristics may have little effects on the change of the market share, when the alternative fuel market has been developed well. In addition, the increased share of gas in the fuel market achieves a 7.2% reduction of energy consumption. Considering life cycle emissions, the following air pollutants, namely Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), carbonic oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO ), particulate matters (PM) and hydrocarbons (C H ), gain 10.0%, 3.5%, 20.5%, 36.1%, and 26.4% of reduction respectively. Assuming all taxi fleets powered by natural gas with local policy intervention, the energy conservation and the five major air pollutant emissions could achieve the maximum reductions with 12.2%, 16.0%, 8.8%, 22.5%, 44.2%, and 49.4% correspondingly.

关键词： fuel preference energy replacement environmental impacts taxi

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Experimental Study on the Piezoelectric Prestage Driver of Electrohydraulic Servo Valves

CHENG Guang-ming, SHEN Chuan-liang, YANG Zhi-gang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 56-59 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0017-4

摘要：

A piezoelectric actuated prestage driver of hydraulic servo valves for the low-frequency response of electrohydraulic servo valve electromagnetic prestage driver was presented. The new driver was driven by piezoelectric multilayer actuators. The displacement of a piezoelectric multilayer actuator was amplified by a flexure-hinged amplifier based on the principles of triangle amplification. Static and dynamic characteristics were tested on the model machine. The characteristics of good linearity, high resolution, and high-frequency response were approved. The natural frequency reached 1.201 kHz using finite element analysis, and the practice measurement result was 1 kHz.

关键词： flexure-hinged amplifier kHz amplification high-frequency electromagnetic

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嵌入式无线接入点网络驱动的设计与实现

王质礼,胡爱群,宋宇波

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 91-94

摘要：

分析了嵌入式Linux系统下网络驱动的体系机构和工作原理，结合PCMCIA驱动接口，着重论述了嵌入式Linux无线接入点网络驱动的基本软件模型和实现流程, 给出了网络驱动的性能测试结果。

关键词：嵌入式Linux 网络设备驱动 PCMCIA

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Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0696-3

摘要： China has become the largest producer of crude steel in the world since 1996, which places the country under huge pressure in terms of resources, energy, and the environment. Examining the driver of steel demand is of great significance to the structural adjustment and sustainable development of the steel industry. The researchers calculate the steel demand in China from 2000 to 2009 based on three sinks (steel stock, export, and loss) by taking the four stages of steel life cycle (production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling) as the study object. The researchers conclude that addition to in-use stock is the main driver of steel demand and that the 10-year average addition to in-use stock accounted for 77% of the steel sinks, in which 55% of the addition occurs in the building sector, and the steel for this segment is of low strength with large consumption. Based on the analysis of existing policies, the researchers propose that the steel demand structure will develop toward diversification and that the building sector will realize the upgrade of products as soon as possible to improve construction quality. Under the pressure of rising cost for imported resources, the export ratio of steel products should be controlled appropriately. Thus, recycling economy should be developed to reduce steel losses.

关键词： steel demand driver Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) addition to in-use stock steel policy

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基于主客观紧急度判断的车辆行驶模糊控制

陈雪梅,高　利

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第1期页码 53-57

摘要：

紧急情况下驾驶员能否做出准确、及时的判断和操作，对于防止交通事故具有重要的现实意义。为保证车辆行驶安全，有必要对车辆行驶中紧急度做出判断，并给出相应的控制算法。首先提出基于相对距离、车速和驾驶员基本特征的车辆行驶中紧急度，同时给出基于模糊推理的车辆行驶控制算法，并对其进行了仿真运算。仿真结果表明：情况越紧急，驾驶员会越快地采用最大制动减速度；驾驶员基本特征对制动操作的影响明显。总之，通过模糊推理控制后车的制动减速度，能实现后车的行车安全。

关键词：驾驶行为；紧急；模糊推理；安全

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新型管式安全气囊设计与防护效果分析 Article

周华健, 钟志华, 胡满江

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 291-297 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.015

摘要：

安全气囊是有效的汽车乘员安全防护装置，但是乘员可能因为气囊点火展开时的巨大能量而受到意外伤害。本文从减少气体发生剂用量的角度对一种新型管式安全气囊进行设计；为研究新型气囊的刚度与防护效果，挑选3 种类型的假人进行计算机仿真；之后，针对第50 百分位假人进行多目标优化分析。结果显示，新型气囊的静态体积约为普通气囊的1/3，并且在气体发生剂用量至少减少30% 的情况下，每种假人的损伤值均能够满足法规要求。优化分析后，复合损伤指标（Pcomb）概率下降22%，且充气量最优解减少32%。本文结果表明，在减少气体发生剂用量的情况下，新型管式安全气囊在乘员防护方面仍具有较大的潜力。

关键词：新型管式安全气囊乘员防护多目标优化

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Flexible resonant tank for a combined converter to achieve an HPS and LED compatible driver

Jin HU,Hui-pin LIN,Zheng-yu LU,Feng-wu ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第8期页码 679-693 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500054

摘要： High pressure sodium (HPS) lamp has been widely used in street lighting applications because of its maturity, reliability, high lighting efficiency, long life-time, and low cost. Light emitting diode (LED) is expected as the next generation lighting source due to its continuously improving luminous efficacy, better color characteristic, and super long life-time. The two lighting sources may coexist in street lighting applications for a long time. A novel HPS and LED compatible driver is proposed which is rather suitable and flexible for driving HPS and LED in street lighting applications. The proposed driver combines the LLC and LCC resonant circuits into a flexible resonant tank. The flexible resonant tank may change to LLC or isolated LCC circuit according to the lighting source. It inherits the traditional HPS and LED drivers’ zero voltage switching (ZVS) characteristics and dimmable function. The design of the proposed flexible resonant tank considers the requirements of both HPS and LED. The experiments of driving HPS and LED on a prototype driver show that the driver can drive the two lighting sources flexibly with high efficiency.

关键词： High pressure sodium (HPS) Light emitting diode (LED) Compatible driver Ballast

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FY-3卫星微波成像仪延寿技术分析和研究

刘高峰,陈卫英,翁艺航,于爽,王华

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第7期页码 101-105

摘要：

针对风云三号（FY-3）卫星在轨寿命从3年延长到5年的特点，分析了寿命延长存在的风险，并对微波成像仪可靠性关键项目的扫描驱动系统和接收机系统的可靠度作了预估，同时从设计上采取相应措施，并作了一些提高可靠性的工艺改进。通过具体的分析与产品的改进，能够为微波成像仪在轨正常运行提供稳定有效的保障。最后，为了证明产品延寿技术的可靠性，提出了进行加速寿命试验的设想。

关键词：微波成像仪扫描驱动接收机寿命可靠性

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基于人工智能的肺癌NOG/PDX模型驱动基因匹配预测 Article

何雅億, 郭皓越, 刁丽, 陈宇, 朱俊杰, Hiran C. Fernando, Diego Gonzalez Rivas, 祁辉, Chunlei Dai, 汤旭蓁, 朱军, 戴家威, 何侃, Dan Chan, 杨洋

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 102-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.017

摘要：

患者源性肿瘤异种移植物（PDX）是癌症药物发现和筛查的有力工具。然而，目前的研究对PDX的基因型错配知之甚少，导致PDX使用过程中产生巨大的经济损失。在此，本研究建立了53 例肺癌患者的PDX模型，基因型匹配率为79.2%（42/53）。此外，检查了17 个临床病理学特征，并基于最低赤池信息量准则（AIC）、最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）-逻辑回归（LR）、支持向量机（SVM）递归特征消除（SVM-RFE）、极端梯度增强（XGBoost）、梯度增强和分类特征（CatBoost），以及合成少数过采样技术（SMOTE）输入逐步逻辑回归模型。最后，通过100 个试验组的准确度、受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）和F1 评分评价所有模型的性能。两个多变量 LR 模型显示，年龄、驱动基因突变的数量、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变、既往化疗的类型、既往酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）治疗和样本来源是强有力的预测因素。此外，CatBoost （平均精度= 0.960；平均AUC = 0.939；平均F1 分数= 0.908）和八特征SVM-RFE（平均精度= 0.950；平均AUC = 0.934；平均F1 分数= 0.903）在算法中表现出最好的性能。同时，除CatBoost 外，SMOTE的应用提高了大多数模型的预测能力。基于SMOTE，单一模型的集成分类器达到了最高的准确度（平均值= 0.975）、AUC（平均值= 0.949）和F1 评分（平均值= 0.938）。总之，本文建立了一个最佳预测模型来筛选肺癌患者的NOD/Shi-scid白细胞介素-2受体（IL-2R） γ^null（NOG）/PDX模型，并为建立预测模型提供了一种通用方法。

关键词：机器学习患者源性肿瘤异种移植物 NOG小鼠

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具有双支路交错拓扑结构和轻载效率优化模式的大电流、高集成度开关电容分压器 Research Articles

刘胜1,赵梦恋2,杨朝2,吴皓楠2,吴晓波1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第2期页码 317-327 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000404

摘要：由于无磁且容易实现高集成度，开关电容（SC）变换器作为一种直流变压器在现代电子领域具有广泛应用前景。然而，设计具有大电流和高功率的SC变换器仍面临挑战。本文提出一种双支路SC分压器拓扑，并通过集成电路（IC）得以实现。所设计SC变换器能驱动大电流负载，将其使用范围扩展至大功率应用场合。该SC变换器具有1/2的恒定变换比，其双支路交错操作方式可确保输入电流的连续性。此外，提出一种使用电容耦合型浮动电压电平转换器的片上栅极驱动方法有效驱动全NMOS功率链。通过自供电结构，飞电容器本身也是用于栅极驱动的自举电容器，从而减少所需元器件数量。采用数字调制方式，在轻载时自动降低开关频率以提高效率。所设计SC变换器IC使用180 nm三阱BCD工艺制造。实验结果证明了所提双支路交错操作方式和自供电栅极驱动方法的有效性。所设计SC变换器可在5至12 V的输入电压下驱动高达4 A的负载电流，功率效率高达96.5％。在轻负载条件下，使用所提优化方法，电源效率提高了30％。

关键词：开关电容变换器；双支路；集成电路；自举栅极驱动器

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直接驱动Z箍缩的FLTD型脉冲功率源的发展

孙凤举,邱爱慈,曾正中,曾江涛,丛培天

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第11期页码 56-63

摘要：

介绍了快直线型变压器（FLTD）脉冲源的技术特点；概述了美国圣地亚国家实验室与俄罗斯强流电子学研究所合作研制的FLTD－Z模块的新进展，基于FLTD拟重复频率运行的针对聚变能源（IFE）应用的原理性样机Z－POP装置，以及下一代惯性约束核聚变（ICF）和IFE用的指标为6 MV,60 MA/90 MA和100 ns FLTD型直接驱动脉冲源的概念设想；初步分析了FLTD直接驱动源需要研究的关键技术。

关键词：快Z箍缩直接驱动 FLTD型脉冲加速器高功率脉冲加速器概念设计