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2-羟基丁酸 1

功能代谢组学 1

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Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics

Pavan Kumar SOMA, Patrick D. WILLIAMS, Y. Martin LO,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 413-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0254-x

摘要： Conventionally used in the food industry as stabilizing, thickening, gelling, and suspending or dispersing agents, non-starch polysaccharides such as xanthan gum are known to improve the texture of certain frozen products. Another polysaccharide that has received significant attention in recent years is chitosan, a natural biopolymer derived from chitin. In the wake of growing interest in finding ideal encapsulating agents for probiotics, non-starch polysaccharides have been investigated. Scattered research can be found on the effect of each individual polysaccharide, but there remains a void in the literature in terms of closely comparing the characteristics of non-starch polysaccharides for these applications, especially when more than one biopolymer is employed. A good understanding of the tools capable of elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved is essential in ushering further development of their applications. Therefore, it is this review’s intention to focus on the selection criteria of non-starch polysaccharides based on their rheological properties, resistance to harsh conditions, and ability to improve sensory quality. A variety of critical tools is also carefully examined with respect to the attainable information crucial to frozen food and microencapsulation applications.

关键词： development literature attainable information biopolymer capable

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exclusion chromatography characterization of molecular and solution properties of soluble microbial polysaccharides

Qingbin Guo,Sheng Chang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0922-x

摘要： Tetra-detector HPSEC was evaluated for the SMP characterization Molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of the SMP were characterized Specific viscosity and osmotic pressure of the SMP solution were studied Approach to analyze the concentration polarization of the SMP was discussed Characterization of the molecular properties of soluble microbial products (SMP) is critical for understanding the membrane filtration and fouling mechanisms in anaerobic and aerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR & MBR). In this study, the distributions of the absolute molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of SMP polysaccharides from an AnMBR were effectively determined by a high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) that was coupled with the refractive index (RI), diode array UV (DAUV), right and low angle light scattering (LS), and viscometer (Vis) detectors. Based on the tetra-detector HPSEC determined absolute molecular weights and intrinsic viscosity, a universal calibration relationship for the SMP polysaccharides was developed and the molecular conformations, average molecular weights, and hydrodynamic sizes of the SMP polysaccharides were also explored. Two factors which can be derived from the tetra-detector HPSEC analysis were proposed for the characterization of the viscous and osmotic pressure properties of the SMP polysaccharides. In addition, it was also extrapolated how to analyze the resistance characteristics of the concentration polarization layers formed in membrane filtration based on the molecular properties determined by the tetra-detector HPSEC analysis.

关键词： Soluble microbial product Extracellular polymeric substance Membrane bioreactor Membrane fouling Molecular weight Intrinsic viscosity

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功能代谢组学揭示黄芪多糖通过2-羟基丁酸改善肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢 Article

李冰冰, 洪颖, 顾彧, 叶圣洁, 胡凯莉, 姚建, 丁侃, 赵爱华, 贾伟, 李后开

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 111-122 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.023

摘要：

多糖广泛存在于草本植物中，具有多种活性，特别是具有免疫调节作用和改善代谢紊乱的作用。然而，其潜在机制还没有被很好地诠释。功能代谢组学越来越多地被用于通过鉴定具有特定功能的代谢产物来研究多糖对宿主的系统性影响。本研究采用功能代谢组学策略，探讨黄芪多糖（Astragalus polysaccharide, APS）代谢获益的潜在机制。在为期8 周的高脂肪饮食（high-fat diet, HFD）喂养的肥胖小鼠中测定了APS的作用。然后，进行基于气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, GC-TOFMS）的非靶向代谢组学分析血清和肝组织，并进行基于液相色谱- 串联质谱（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS）的靶向代谢组学分析。使用体外和体内代谢紊乱模型测试了代谢产物的潜在功能。我们的结果首次证实了APS对肥胖小鼠的代谢益处。然后，代谢组学分析显示，补充APS 可逆转HFD 诱导的代谢变化，并确定2-羟基丁酸（2-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-HB）是APS活性的潜在功能性代谢产物，该代谢物被HFD显著降低，并被APS逆转。进一步研究表明，2-HB可抑制油酸（oleic acid, OA）诱导的甘油三酯（triglyceride, TG）累积。还发现其可刺激肝细胞中脂质降解蛋白的表达和3T3-L1 细胞中的TG脂解。此外，在高脂肪和高蔗糖（high-fat and high-sucrose, HFHS）喂养的小鼠中发现2-HB可降低血清TG并调节参与脂质降解的蛋白质。总之，我们的研究表明，APS的代谢
益处至少部分归因于2-HB 的产生，2-HB 在体外和体内均可调节脂质代谢。我们的结果同样证实，功能代谢组学在研究植物多糖系统益处的潜在机制方面是切实可行的。

关键词：黄芪多糖功能代谢组学 2-羟基丁酸肥胖

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A Double-Layer Polysaccharide Hydrogel (DPH) for the Enhanced Intestine-Targeted Oral Delivery of Probiotics

Wen-Can Huang,Wenjie Wang,Wei Wang,Yanan Hao,Changhu Xue,Xiangzhao Mao,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.024

摘要： Transplantation of probiotics to the intestine can positively regulate the gut microbiota, thereby promoting the immune system and treating various diseases. However, the harsh gastrointestinal environment and short retention time in the gastrointestinal tract significantly limit the bioavailability and intestinal colonization of probiotics. Herein, we present a double-layer polysaccharide hydrogel (DPH) in the form of a double-layer structure composed of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCL) supramolecular inner layer and a dialdehyde alginate (DAA) cross-linked carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) outer layer. This double-layer structure allows DPH to encapsulate and deliver probiotics in a targeted manner within the body. In the stomach, the cage structure of the DPH is closed, and the outer layer absorbs surrounding liquids to form a barrier to protect the probiotics from gastric fluids. In the intestine, the cage structure opens and disintegrates, releasing the probiotics. Thus, DPH endows probiotics with excellent intestine-targeted delivery, improved oral bioavailability, enhanced gastrointestinal tract tolerance, and robust mucoadhesion capacity. The encapsulated probiotics exhibit almost unchanged bioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract before release, as well as improved oral delivery. In particular, probiotics encapsulated by DPH exhibit 100.1 times higher bioavailability and 10.6 times higher mucoadhesion than free probiotics in an animal model 48 h post-treatment. In addition, with a remarkable ability to survive and be retained in the intestine, probiotics encapsulated by DPH show excellent in vitro and in vivo competition with pathogens. Notably, DAA-mediated dynamic crosslinking not only maintains the overall integrity of the hydrogels but also controls the release timing of the probiotics. Thus, it is expected that encapsulated substances (probiotics, proteins, etc.) can be delivered to specific sites of the intestinal tract by means of DPH, by controlling the dynamic covalent crosslinking.

关键词： Polysaccharides Chitosan Hydrogels Oral delivery Intestine-targeted