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A rain-on-snow mixed flood forecast model and its application

Jian WU, Lan LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 440-444 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0051-0

摘要： Based on summarizing the rule of rainstorm and snowmelt mixed flood, the structure of rain-on-snow runoff-generation is discussed; and critical temperature is used to determine the form of precipitation and snowmelt factor, taking into account rainfall volume of snowmelt. A rain-on-snow flood forecast model is developed by combining LL-Ⅰdistributed hydrology model. The Kalangguer River, an internal river in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, is taken for example. It is indicated that the model has a higher precision of forecasting; its determinacy coefficient is greater than 0.80.

关键词： Xinjiang Autonomous forecasting hydrology temperature rain-on-snow runoff-generation

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Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.007

摘要： Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm) have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems. MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rainfall or snowfall, potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems. MPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms. However, little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow, particularly in the context of global climate warming. MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China, were used for quantitative analysis and identification. The results showed that MPs were easily detected, and the related concentration was approximately 68 ± 10–199 ± 22 MPs·L⁻¹ in snow samples. Fibers were the most common morphology, the polymer composition was largely varied, and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics, indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity. MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expression of microorganisms in snow. In addition, the results showed that functional living areas (e.g., landfills and suburban areas) in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs. For instance, the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants, whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in landfills. The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.

关键词： Human activities Snow Microplastics Microbial community Urban function Environmental effect

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Delivering food safety

Kaye BASFORD,Richard BENNETT,Joanne DALY,Mary Ann AUGUSTIN,Snow BARLOW,Tony GREGSON,Alice LEE,Deli CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016123

摘要： A delegation from the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering traveled to Beijing in April 2016 to jointly run a workshop on technology advances in food safety with the Chinese Academy of Engineering. This brief summary from the Australian delegation identifies the pyramid of inter- locking issues which must be addressed to deliver food safety. Systems and technology provide the necessary base, on which culture and then trust can be built to facilitate the delivery of food safety now and in the future.

关键词： culture food safety systems technology trust

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南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

孙波,唐学远,肖恩照,时小松,程绪宇,李霖,魏福海,张体军

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 161-168 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.022

摘要：

世界强国针对南极科技前沿、地缘政治、开发利用权益的争夺趋于激烈。我国建设和运营南极航空基础设施，有利于提升我国在南极的综合影响力、扩大南极科学考察规模、满足人员和物资快速投送需求，战略发展价值突出。本文较全面地分析了南极机场建设现状，凝练了我国开展冰雪机场建设面临的技术挑战；解析了极地科考强国在南极机场冰雪跑道建设方面的工程技术体系，据此梳理我国开展南极机场冰雪跑道建设所需掌握的重点技术。研究表明，我国未来的南极大型机场跑道建设，涉及的工程技术体系应涵盖三大工程步骤（机场跑道选址、道面材料设计、道面人工处理）和 1 项核心技术（压实雪层技术）。结合我国南极科学考察创新发展对航空运输能力建设的顶层需求，论证提出重点研究方向：机场选址及建设的自然环境条件研究，压实雪层技术，冰雪跑道施工装备技术，机场运行指挥监测体系设计。

关键词：南极机场冰雪跑道机场选址压实雪层施工装备

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面向未来低碳道路养护的超薄罩面功能性研究综述 Review

郭猛, 张瑞, 杜修力, 刘鹏飞

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 83-99 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.020

摘要：

截至2021年，中国公路养护总里程达到525万公里。超薄罩面作为最常用的路面养护技术之一，可以显著提高路面的经济效益和环境效益。为了促进超薄罩面的低碳发展，本文主要研究了超薄罩面几种功能性的作用机理及影响因素。首先，对超薄罩面的抗滑性能、降噪性能、抗车辙性能和抗裂性能进行了评价。结果表明，优质集料可使超薄罩面的抗滑和抗车辙性能提高5 %~20 %。优化后的级配及改性胶结料可将超薄罩面的噪音降低0.4~6.0 dB。高粘度改性胶结料可使超薄罩面混合料的抗车辙性能提高10 %~130 %。玄武岩纤维可使超薄罩面的抗裂性提升20 %以上。由于超薄罩面具有更薄的厚度及更好的道路性能，其基于性能的工程成本与传统罩面相比，可降低30 %~40 %。其次，研究了超薄罩面的几种环保功能，包括融雪除冰、废气降解和路面降温。由于超薄罩面的厚度较薄，有利于氯化物融雪材料向路表的扩散。因此，自融雪超薄罩面的融雪效果较好。此外，含有光催化材料的超薄罩面混合料可以分解20 %~50 %的尾气污染物。彩色超薄罩面最高能够将路面温度降低8.1 ℃。而含有热阻材料的超薄罩面的上下表面温差最高可达12.8 ℃。此外，本文总结了功能型超薄罩面在全世界的一些典型工程应用。本综述有助于研究人员更好地理解超薄罩面的功能性，同时可促进未来多功能低碳道路养护的实现。

关键词：道路养护超薄罩面融雪除冰尾气降解路面降温低碳

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2008年1―2月雪灾作物灾情遥感监测方法

吴炳方,李强子,迟耀斌,黄进良,周万村,张维奇,吴双

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第6期页码 63-69

摘要：

文章利用北京1号遥感数据以及MODIS数据提取作物雪灾灾情的范围，并利用1月上旬的北京1号遥感数据监测作物种植成数，利用GVG农情采样系统调查作物受灾比例，然后结合耕地数据库计算了江西、湖北、湖南和贵州4个重点省份的作物受灾面积，分析了受灾的程度和影响因素。监测结果表明：江西、湖北、湖南和贵州4省农作物受灾总面积约429.76×10⁴ hm²，此次雪灾造成的作物受害地区主要分布在冬小麦和油菜广泛种植的江汉平原、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖地区，作物受灾严重地区主要分布在海拔相对较高的山区和丘陵地带。比较而言，冬小麦因处

关键词：雪灾作物灾情遥感监测 GVG农情采样系统