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From gut changes to type 2 diabetes remission after gastric bypass surgeries

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 191-200 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0258-2

摘要：

Increasing evidence suggests that the gut may influence the host’s metabolism and ultimately change the outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We review the evidence on the relationship between the gut and T2DM remission after gastric bypass surgery, and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the above relationship: gut anatomical rearrangement, microbial composition changes, altered gut cells, and gut hormone modulation. However, the exact changes and their relative importance in the metabolic improvements after gastric bypass surgery remain to be further clarified. Elucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of T2DM resolution after bypass surgery will help to reveal the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, and facilitate the development of novel diagnoses and preventative interventions for this common disease.

关键词： gastric bypass T2DM gut

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基于TMS320DM642多媒体处理器的实时视频处理系统设计

赵振,张卫宁,田红磊

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第3期页码 87-91

摘要：

介绍了基于TMS320DM642的实时视频处理系统的设计，研究分析了系统的视频解码器TVP5150、编码器SAA7121和DM642视频口的功能及工作方式

关键词： TMS320DM642 TVP5150 SAA7121 视频口

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基于TMS320DM642的疲劳检测系统硬件设计

耿磊,吴晓娟,彭彰

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 87-90

摘要：针对疲劳检测算法中大数据量、高速传输、复杂运算的实际需要，设计了以SAA7115 为视频采集AD，DSP器件TMS320DM642为核心处理器，SAA7105为视频输出DA，利用FPGA控制输出，以实现增强显示功能的实时视频处理系统

关键词： TMS320DM642 疲劳检测 DFS FPGA OSD

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Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yun Tan, Feng Liu, Xiaoguang Xu, Yun Ling, Weijin Huang, Mingquan Guo, Ziyu Fu, Dongguo Liang, Miao Xu, Hongzhou Lu, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 746-751 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0822-5

摘要： The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered β coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here we examined, using ELISA, the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6−7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection. All samples were positive for IgGs against the S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, 14 samples available at 6−7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay, with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in 10 blood samples from cases at 6−7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests, we found that interferon γ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells were increased upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation. Together, these results indicate that durable anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is common in convalescent population, and vaccines developed from 614D variant may offer protection from the currently predominant 614D variant of SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies T-cell response

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Fabrication, modification and environmental applications of TiO

ROHANI, T. ISIMJAN, A. MOHAMED, H. KAZEMIAN, M. SALEM, T. WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 112-122 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1144-6

摘要： Among the semiconductors, titanium dioxide has been identified as an effective photocatalyst due to its abundance, low cost, stability, and superior electronic energy band structure. Highly ordered nanotube arrays of titania were produced by anodization and mild sonication. The band gap energy of the titania nanotube arrays was reduced to 2.6 eV by co-doping with Fe, C, N atoms using an electrolyte solution containing K Fe(CN) . The photoconversion of phenol in a batch photoreactor increased to more than 18% based on the initial concentration of phenol by using a composite nanomaterial consisting of titania nanotube arrays and Pt/ZIF-8 nanoparticles. A layer-by-layer assembly technique for the deposition of titania nanoparticles was developed to fabricate air filters for the degradation of trace amounts of toluene in the air and preparation of superhyrophobic surfaces for oil-water separation and anti-corrosion surfaces.

关键词： TiO₂ nanotube arrays and nanoparticles anodization bandgap modification layer-by-layer deposition oil-water separation

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基于三线耦合结构的具有灵活带宽的紧凑型平衡式输入无反射带通滤波器 Research Article

朱雅慧1,2,蔡璟1,2,秦伟1,2,杨汶汶1,2,陈建新1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第2期页码 314-326 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200261

摘要：本文提出一种基于三线耦合结构的具有灵活带宽的紧凑型平衡式输入无反射带通滤波器。在差模模式下，带通响应由三线耦合结构实现，同时三线耦合结构的输入耦合馈线被输入吸收网络复用。带通滤波部分和吸收部分实现了良好的融合，有效地减小了电路尺寸，并且两部分的带宽独立可控，进而使得该滤波器的差模响应带宽具有灵活可控的特性。此外，首次对两部分的带宽比进行详细分析,以获得通带平坦度与无反射性能的良好折衷。因此，该协同设计的输入无反射差模带通响应具有易于优化的特点。同时，输入端的吸收网络还实现了宽频带内的共模噪声吸收。为了验证该设计方法，设计了一款尺寸为0.52λ×0.36λ的平衡式输入无反射滤波器，测量范围为0–7.0 GHz。测得差模响应的中心频率为2.45 GHz，3 dB相对带宽为31.4%。实测和仿真结果展现了良好的一致性，并且该滤波器具有0.43 dB的低插入损耗、较宽的差模上阻带（超过20 dB的抑制水平至2.72倍频）以及宽带的差模无反射和共模噪声吸收（吸收相对带宽为285.7%）等优点。

关键词：输入无反射滤波器；平衡式带通滤波器；差模；共模；三线耦合结构

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用于环境催化的MoS₂/ZIF-8复合材料——太阳能驱动的抗生素降解工程 Article

陈文倩, 李琳悦, 李林, 裘文慧, 唐量, 徐玲, 许科军, 吴明红

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第4期页码 755-767 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.003

摘要：然而，目前使用的TiO₂基催化剂仅吸收紫外（UV）区域中的小部分太阳光谱，导致效率降低。在本文中，我们提供了一种MoS₂/ZIF-8复合光催化剂，它可以使环丙沙星（CIP）和盐酸四环素（TC）的光催化降解率分别达到1T/2H-MoS₂的1.21倍和MoS₂/ZIF-8纳米复合材料的产氢率是MoS₂的1.79倍。这项工作通过优化表面纳米异质结结构的构造，为探索原始和高效的1T/2H-MoS₂/MOF基光催化剂提供了新的方向。我们发现复合光催化剂经久耐用，其催化性能在稳定性测试下得以保持。因此，1T/2H-MoS₂/MOF基光催化剂具有良好的抗生素降解工程应用前景。

关键词： 1T/2H-MoS₂ ZIF-8 抗生素降解光催化

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基于量子点元胞自动机的低能耗、高速度和高效面积时序电路：T型锁存器和计数器研究 Research Article

Mohammad GHOLAMI1,Zaman AMIRZADEH2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 457-469 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200361

摘要：本文提出一种在QCA技术中实现T型锁存器的新方法，该方法利用了QCA在时序和时钟相位上的固有特征，因此，所提单元结构与现有方法相比占用面积更少，功耗更低。与之前的最佳设计相比，该T型锁存器的占用面积减少6.45%，功耗降低44.49%。此外，本文首次设计了基于复位的T型锁存器和具有置位和复位功能的T型锁存器。基于所提T型锁存器，开发了一种新型3位计数器，与之前的最佳设计相比减少2.14%的单元数。在3位计数器的基础上，设计了4位计数器，与之前的设计相比，减少0.51%的单元数和4.16%的截面积。此外还引入两个选择性计数器，分别从0到5和从2到5进行计数。

关键词：量子点元胞自动机（QCA）；量子点；T型锁存器；T型触发器；计数器；选择性计数器；QCADesigner软件；QCAPro软件

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Design and analysis of a class of redundant collaborative manipulators with 2-dimension large rotational

Xiaodong JIN, Yuefa FANG, Dan ZHANG, Xueling LUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第1期页码 66-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0570-x

摘要： The parallel spindle heads with high rotational capability are demanded in the area of multi-axis machine tools and 3D printers. This paper focuses on designing a class of 2R1T (R: Rotation; T: Translation) parallel spindle heads and the corresponding collaborative 5-axis manipulators with 2-dimension (2D) large rotational angles. In order to construct 2D rotational degrees of freedom (DOF), a platform with 2-dimension revolute joints is proposed first. Based on the constraint screw theory, the feasible limbs that can be connected in the platform are synthesized. In order to provide constant rotational axis for the platform, a class of redundant limbs are designed. A class of redundant 2R1T parallel spindle heads is obtained by connecting the redundant limbs with the platform and the redundant characteristics are verified by the modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion. The corresponding 5-axis collaborative manipulators are presented by constructing a 2-DOF series translational bottom moving platform. The inverse kinematics and the orientation workspace as well as the decoupling characteristics of this type of 2R1T parallel spindle heads are analyzed. The results show that these manipulators have large 2D rotational angles than the traditional A3/Z3 heads and can be potentially used in the application of multi-axis machine tools and the 3D printers.

关键词： parallel mechanism redundant mechanism large rotational angles machine tools 2R1T spindle head collaborative manipulator

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A multi-scale model for CO

T. WEI, Y. QIN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 20-25 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0138-0

摘要： This paper presents a multi-scale model to simulate the multicomponent gas diffusion and flow in bulk coals for CO sequestration enhanced coalbed methane recovery. The model is developed based on a bi-dispersed structure model by assuming that coal consists of microporous micro-particles, meso/macro-pores and open microfractures. The bi-disperse diffusion theory and the Maxwell-Stefan approach were incorporated in the model, providing an improved simulation of the CH —CO /CH —N counter diffusion dynamics. In the model, the counter diffusion process is numerically coupled with the flow of the mixture gases occurring within macro-pores or fractures in coal so as to account for the interaction between diffusion and flow in gas transport through coals. The model was validated by both experimental data from literature and our CO flush tests, and shows an excellent agreement with the experiments. The results reveal that the gas diffusivities, in particular the micro-pore diffusivities are strongly concentration-dependent.

关键词： multi-scale model gas transport coal coalbed methane CO₂ sequestration

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Deubiquitinases as pivotal regulators of T cell functions

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0651-y

摘要：

T cells efficiently respond to foreign antigens to mediate immune responses against infections but are tolerant to self-tissues. Defect in T cell activation is associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas aberrant T cell activation contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. An emerging mechanism that regulates T cell activation and tolerance is ubiquitination, a reversible process of protein modification that is counter-regulated by ubiquitinating enzymes and deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs are isopeptidases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin from target proteins, thereby controlling the magnitude and duration of ubiquitin signaling. It is now well recognized that DUBs are crucial regulators of T cell responses and serve as potential therapeutic targets for manipulating immune responses in the treatment of immunological disorders and cancer. This review will discuss the recent progresses regarding the functions of DUBs in T cells.

关键词： deubiquitinase ubiquitination T cell activation T cell differentiation T cell tolerance

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Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 463-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0668-2

摘要：

T cells are an important adaptive immune response arm that mediates cell-mediated immunity. T cell metabolism plays a central role in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterations in T cell metabolism may result in many immunological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participating in T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

关键词： T cell immunity metabolic pathways nutrient uptake metabolic checkpoints

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Separation and extraction of bridge dynamic strain data

Baijian WU, Zhaoxia LI, Ying WANG, T. H. T. CHAN,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 395-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0049-7

摘要： Through comparing the measured data of dynamic strains due to loading and temperature by the stain gauge and temperature sensor at the same location, the information in the strain data was divided into three parts in the frequency domain by using the defined index named power spectral density (PSD)-ratio index. The three parts are dominated respectively by temperature varying, stresses, and noises and thus can be distinguished from the determined the separatrix frequencies. Also, a simple algorithm was developed to separate the three types of information and to extract the strain caused mainly by structural stresses. As an application of the proposed method, the effect of strain deformation and noises on the fatigue assessment was investigated based on the separated data. The results show that, the determined values of separatrix frequencies are valuable for the monitoring data from other bridges. The algorithm is a multiresolution and hierarchical method, which has been validated as a simple and effective method for data analyses, and is suitable for the compression and preprocessing of the great amount monitoring data and easy to be integrated into the structural health monitoring (SHM) soft system. The strain due to temperature varying attributes a little to the errors of fatigue assessment; however, the noises or random disturbance existed in the monitoring data have much responsibility for the errors, and the main reason is that the random disturbance shifts the real strain/stress amplitude picked up by real structural stress or strain.

关键词： dynamic valuable separatrix strain/stress amplitude frequency

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Carcinogens that induce the A:T>T:A nucleotide substitutions in the genome

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 236-238 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0611-y

摘要：

Recently, Ng . reported that the A:T>T:A substitutions, proposed to be a signature of aristolochic acid (AA) exposure, were detected in 76/98 (78%) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the Taiwan Province of China, and 47% to 1.7% of HCCs from the Chinese mainland and other countries harbored the nucleotide changes. However, other carcinogens, e.g., tobacco carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl and 1,3-butadiene, air toxic vinyl chloride and its reactive metabolites chloroethylene oxide, melphalan and chlorambucil, also cause this signature in the genome. Since tobacco smoke is a worldwide public health threat and vinyl chloride distributes globally and is an air pollutant in Taiwan Province, the estimation of the patients’ exposure history is the key to determine the “culprit” of the A:T>T:A mutations. Apparently, without estimation of the patients’ exposure history, the conclusion of Ng is unpersuasive and misleading.

关键词： genomic signature carcinogen aristolochic acid tobacco smoke vinyl chloride hepatocellular carcinoma

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γδ T cells in liver diseases

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 262-268 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0584-x

摘要：

γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and liver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.

关键词： γδT cells liver infection non-alcoholic fatty liver disease autoimmune hepatitis liver fibrosis and cirrhosis liver cancer liver regeneration