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Genetic Study Identifies CBLN4 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Accident Proneness

Shu-lin Zhang,Hui-qing Jin,Yang Song,Wan-sheng Yu,Liang-dan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 30-38 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016008

摘要： Frequent traffic accidents constitute a major danger to human beings. The accident-prone driver who has the stable physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics is one of the most prominent causes of traffic accidents. The internal link between the individual characteristics and the accident proneness has been a difficult point in the accident prevention research. The authors selected accident-prone drivers as cases and safe drivers as controls (case-control group) from 18,360 drivers who were enrolled from three public transportation incorporations of China using area stratified sampling method. The case-control groups were 1:1 matched. The authors performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) by 179 cases and 179 controls using the U.S. Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human Mapping SNP 6.0 Array. The authors observed that the gene frequencies of 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three regions of cases were higher than those in the control ( <10 ). The authors then tested two independent replication sets for strong association 6 SNPs in 349 pairs of case-control drivers using the U.S. ABI 3730 sequencing method. The results indicated that SNP rs6069499 within linked CBLN4 gene are strongly associated with accident proneness ( =6.37×10 ). According to CBLN4 gene mainly involved in adrenal development and the regulation of secretion, the authors performed 12 biochemical parameters of the blood using radioimmunoassay. The levels of dopamine (DA) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone showed significant differences between accident-prone drivers and safe drivers ( =0.03, =0.01). It is suggested that the accident-prone drivers may have the idiosyncrasy of susceptibility.

关键词： accident proneness genome-wide association study (GWAS) dopamine (DA) ACTH susceptibility gene traffic accident epidemiology accident prevention traffic safety three-dimensional model

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计

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Total phosphorus accident pollution and emergency response study based on geographic information system

Aifeng Zhai, Xiaowen Ding, Lin Liu, Quan Zhu, Guohe Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1223-3

摘要： A new algorithm of two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model was built. The migration and diffusion of TP was simulated. The emergency measures for sudden water pollution accidents was proposed. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents in China’s rivers have become more frequent, resulting in considerable effects on environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and predict pollution accidents. Simulation and prediction provide strong support for emergency disposal and disaster reduction. This paper describes a new two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model that incorporates a digital elevation model into the geographic information system. The model is used to simulate sudden water pollution accidents in the main stream of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sectional velocity distribution and concentration change of total phosphorus are then analyzed under four hydrological situations. The results show that the proposed model accurately simulates and predicts the concentration change and migration process of total phosphorus under sudden water pollution accidents. The speed of migration and diffusion of pollutants is found to be greatest in the flood season, followed by the water storage period, drawdown season, and dry season, in that order. The selection of an appropriate water scheduling scheme can reduce the peak concentration of river pollutants. This study enables the impact of pollutants on the ecological environment of river water to be alleviated, and provides a scientific basis for the emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

关键词： Sudden water pollution accident Total phosphorus Predictive model Contaminant simulation Water scheduling Measure

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安全理论基本假说

于海湧,李芳

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 85-88

摘要：

通过大量事故案例及对现有安全理论的分析，将所有事故分为3类：自然事故、随机事故和人为事故，根据这3种事故的特点采用数学方程进行描述、量化，从数学模型角度论述事故发生的必然性、随机性和可预防性，以及不安全的绝对性和安全的相对性的辩证关系。同时根据数学模型提出了完整的、科学的事故预防基本对策。

关键词：安全理论事故类型数学方程事故预防

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“7·23”旅客列车事故的重要启示

孙永福

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 4-9

摘要：

阐述了“7·23”旅客列车事故发生经过并进行了原因分析，从工程管理视角研究提出了4点重要启示：强化铁路新产品研发管理，完善铁路新产品准入管理，提高铁路运输应急处置能力和科学有序地推动铁路建设。

关键词：旅客列车事故研发管理准入管理应急处置铁路建设管理

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Oxidation performance of graphite material in reactors

LUO Xiaowei, YU Xinli, YU Suyuan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 471-474 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0074-6

摘要： Graphite is used as a structural material and moderator for high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR). When a reactor is in operation, graphite oxidation influences the safety and operation of the reactor because of the impurities in the coolant and/or the accident conditions, such as water ingress and air ingress. In this paper, the graphite oxidation process is introduced, factors influencing graphite oxidation are analyzed and discussed, and some new directions for further study are pointed out.

关键词： ingress accident oxidation coolant moderator

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Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development

WANG Xiao, HAO Fanghua, ZHANG Xuan, SUN Wen, CHENG Hongguang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0033-9

摘要： Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas HS blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of HS, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the HS diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the HS distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the HS diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.

关键词： mountain ’ rapture Lagrangian hollow produced

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事故工况下医院中子照射器I型堆瞬态特性研究

朱磊,陈立新,江新标,赵柱民,周永茂

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第8期页码 60-63

摘要：

采用RELAP5/SCDAP/MOD3.4程序对医院中子照射器I型堆（IHNI-1）在事故工况下的瞬态特性进行研究，对意外大反应性引入和池水丧失事故工况进行了计算和分析，计算结果表明：IHNI-1堆具有良好的固有安全性，在发生大反应性引入和池水丧失事故时，最终能够稳定在较低功率，确保反应堆安全。

关键词：医院中子照射器I型堆事故工况瞬态特性 RELAP5

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Analysis of molten metal spreading and solidification behaviors utilizing moving particle full-implicit method

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 959-973 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0753-0

摘要： To retrieve the fuel debris in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants (1F), it is essential to infer the fuel debris distribution. In particular, the molten metal spreading behavior is one of the vital phenomena in nuclear severe accidents because it determines the initial condition for further accident scenarios such as molten core concrete interaction (MCCI). In this study, the fundamental molten metal spreading experiments were performed with different outlet diameters and sample amounts to investigate the effect of the outlet for spreading-solidification behavior. In the numerical analysis, the moving particle full-implicit method (MPFI), which is one of the particle methods, was applied to simulate the spreading experiments. In the MPFI framework, the melting-solidification model including heat transfer, radiation heat loss, phase change, and solid fraction-dependent viscosity was developed and implemented. In addition, the difference in the spreading and solidification behavior due to the outlet diameters was reproduced in the calculation. The simulation results reveal the detailed solidification procedure during the molten metal spreading. It is found that the viscosity change and the solid fraction change during the spreading are key factors for the free surface condition and solidified materials. Overall, it is suggested that the MPFI method has the potential to simulate the actual nuclear melt-down phenomena in the future.

关键词： molten metal spreading solidification particle method severe accident fuel debris decommissioning

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Analyzing construction safety through time series methods

Houchen CAO, Yang Miang GOH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 262-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0015-6

摘要： The construction industry produces a large amount of data on a daily basis. However, existing data sets have not been fully exploited in analyzing the safety factors of construction projects. Thus, this work describes how temporal analysis techniques can be applied to improve the safety management of construction data. Various time series (TS) methods were adopted for identifying the leading indicators or predictors of construction accidents. The data set used herein was obtained from a large construction company that is based in Singapore and contains safety inspection scores, accident cases, and project-related data collected from 2008 to 2015. Five projects with complete and sufficient data for temporal analysis were selected from the data set. The filtered data set contained 23 potential leading indicators (predictors or input variables) of accidents (output or dependent variable). TS analyses were used to identify suitable accident predictors for each of the five projects. Subsequently, the selected input variables were used to develop three different TS models for predicting accident occurrences, and the vector error correction model was found to be the best model. It had the lowest root mean squared error value for three of the five projects analyzed. This study provides insights into how construction companies can utilize TS data analysis to identify projects with high risk of accidents.

关键词： time series temporal construction safety leading indicators accident prevention forecasting

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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

摘要： Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: these are based on, among the other things, long lasting research and operational experience in the area of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR). Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA and a basis for the design of reactors. An incomplete vision for those technologies during the last few years is as follows: Progress in fundamentals was stagnant, namely in those countries where the WCNR were designed. Weaknesses became evident, noticeably in relation to nuclear fuel under high burn-up. Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) techniques were perfected and available for application. Electronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomes more and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA). The time delay between technological discoveries and applications was becoming longer. The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context. Key conclusion is that regulations need suitable modification, rather than lowering the importance and the role of LBLOCA. Moreover, strengths of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and containment need a tight link.

关键词： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis for design of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR)

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Dynamic simulation of a space gas-cooled reactor power system with a closed Brayton cycle

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 916-929 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0757-9

摘要： Space nuclear reactor power (SNRP) using a gas-cooled reactor (GCR) and a closed Brayton cycle (CBC) is the ideal choice for future high-power space missions. To investigate the safety characteristics and develop the control strategies for gas-cooled SNRP, transient models for GCR, energy conversion unit, pipes, heat exchangers, pump and heat pipe radiator are established and a system analysis code is developed in this paper. Then, analyses of several operation conditions are performed using this code. In full-power steady-state operation, the core hot spot of 1293 K occurs near the upper part of the core. If 0.4 $ reactivity is introduced into the core, the maximum temperature that the fuel can reach is 2059 K, which is 914 K lower than the fuel melting point. The system finally has the ability to achieve a new steady-state with a higher reactor power. When the GCR is shut down in an emergency, the residual heat of the reactor can be removed through the conduction of the core and radiation heat transfer. The results indicate that the designed GCR is inherently safe owing to its negative reactivity feedback and passive decay heat removal. This paper may provide valuable references for safety design and analysis of the gas-cooled SNRP coupled with CBC.

关键词： gas-cooled space nuclear reactor power closed Brayton cycle system startup and shutdown positive reactivity insertion accident

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THAI experimental research on hydrogen risk and source term related safety systems

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 887-915 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0789-1

摘要： In the defense-in-depth concept employed for the safety of nuclear installations, maintaining integrity of containment as the last barrier is of high importance to limit the release of radioactivity to the environment in case of a severe accident. The active and passive safety systems implemented in containments of light water reactors (LWRs) are designed to limit the consequences of such accidents. Assessing the performance and reliability of such systems under accident conditions is critical to the safety of nuclear installations.

关键词： severe accident containment safety mitigation H₂ risk source term

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State of Practice of Construction Site Safety in the USA

Fei Dai,Yoojung Yoon,Hota V. GangaRao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 275-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016035

摘要： The construction industry has long been plagued with a high number of fatalities in the USA. Much safety improvements have been made after the USA Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. However, this industry still suffers from a disproportionately high rate of work-related fatalities in comparison to other industries. To provide a holistic view of current construction safety practices and corresponding performance, this paper reviews statistics of construction fatalities and their causes. It then presents efforts led to prevent work-related accidents and injuries by the federal safety agencies and the industry. Additionally, advantages and limitations of current practices in terms of construction safety have been discussed along with promotion of aspects in construction work environment.

关键词： workplace safety construction industry safety strategy accident prevention review work

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Improvement of solidification model and analysis of 3D channel blockage with MPS method

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 946-958 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0754-z

摘要： In a severe accident of a nuclear power reactor, coolant channel blockage by solidified molten core debris may significantly influence the core degradations that follow. The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is one of the Lagrangian-based particle methods for analyzing incompressible flows. In the study described in this paper, a novel solidification model for analyzing melt flowing channel blockage with the MPS method has been developed, which is suitable to attain a sufficient numerical accuracy with a reasonable calculation cost. The prompt velocity diffusion by viscosity is prioritized over the prompt velocity correction by the pressure term (for assuring incompressibility) within each time step over the “mushy zone” (between the solidus and liquidus temperature) for accurate modeling of solidification before fixing the coordinates of the completely solidified particles. To sustain the numerical accuracy and stability, the corrective matrix and particle shifting techniques have been applied to correct the discretization errors from irregular particle arrangements and to recover the regular particle arrangements, respectively. To validate the newly developed algorithm, 2-D benchmark analyses are conducted for steady-state freezing of the water in a laminar flow between two parallel plates. Furthermore, 3-D channel blockage analyses of a boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel support piece have been performed. The results show that a partial channel blockage develops from the vicinity of the speed limiter, which does not fully develop into a complete channel blockage, but still diverts the incoming melt flow that follows to the orifice region.

关键词： boiling water reactor (BWR) severe accident channel blockage moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method solidification