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自动化 3

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流程工业综合自动化的探讨与思考

黄道,李光华

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 52-58

摘要：

工业自动化的快速发展给化工企业实施综合自动化创造了良好的基础条件，文章提出了流程工业企业综合自动化的三层框架式结构，并在概念上对其进行了描述，对实施综合自动化过程中必须重视的关键问题进行了讨论。根据在实际化工企业实施综合自动化过程中的体会，简介了一项工程实例。

关键词：流程工业 CIMS 综合自动化产品数据管理（PDM）

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机器人技术——从自动化到智能系统

Eduardo Nebot

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 446-448 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.018

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数字水务进展以及从汽车和飞机工业自动化发展中汲取的经验教训 Review

Dragan Savić

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 35-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.013

摘要：

提供水务服务和涉水卫生服务是一项全球性关键挑战。水务设施服务和废水设施服务具有规模性、复杂性和关键性等特点，使其在规划和管理方面变得极为困难。数字化革命已深入人类生活的许多领域，水务行业也开始从数字化转型中受益。有效利用气象遥感和土壤湿度数据可以提高灌溉效率（即粮食产量），利用人工智能可以更好地检测管道网络的异常和故障，利用自然启发式优化方法可以改善系统的管理和规划，以及数字孪生和机器人技术的频繁利用，所有这些都展现了数字化技术在改善复杂水务系统管理上的巨大潜力。但是，这些技术也有附加风险，如网络安全风险、不正当使用、过度信任数字解决方案与自动化的性能和准确度等。本文明确了水务行业数字化技术的主要进展，并将取证工程原则应用到一些在自动化和数字化转型较为领先的领域，对其故障事件进行分析。新型数字化技术失误是引发汽车和飞机行业重大事故的潜在原因（如特斯拉自动驾驶汽车和波音737 MAX飞机），确定失误原因并将经验应用于水务行业的类似风险识别中，吸取教训，避免失败。重要发现表明：①自动化要求在回路系统配置人员；②人工操作者必须充分掌握技术，并接受技术培训；③在发生技术故障时，应当采取应急式人工干预；④虽然冗余传感器会增加成本，但能减少由传感器读数失误带来的风险；⑤必须考虑网络安全风险；⑥鉴于水务系统的自动化和互联性不断增强，必须考虑相关伦理问题。这些发现也指出了与水务行业数字化转型相关的主要研究领域。

关键词：数字化自动化水行行业潜在风险经验教训

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concept and procedure for reliability assessment of an IEC 61850 based substation and distribution automation

Hosein HAYATI,Amir AHADI,Seyed Mohsen MIRYOUSEFI AVAL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 387-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0382-6

摘要： Smart grid is a power grid consists of extensive monitoring systems which deal with the monitoring of attributes such as current, voltage, power, and energy at distribution transformers, substations transformers, distribution switching devices and smart meters. Smart grid with advanced communication technologies can be used for several purposes such as efficiency and reliability improvement. IEC 61850 is the core standard in the smart grid domain for distribution and substation automation. This paper introduces a vision of modern substation and distribution systems using the IEC 61850. Network operators mainly assume that the modern substation and distribution systems based on the IEC 61850 are reliable for a long-time of operation. However, similar to any other systems, the implemented IEC 61850 might fail because of the operational failures or aging failures. This paper proposes a novel method for reliability evaluation of modern substation and distribution systems. A typical IEC 61850 based distribution and substation system is developed and analyzed using the proposed method. The fault tree analysis (FTA) is used to quantify the reliability of the system. The technique is implemented and demonstrated on the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS). The analysis is further extended on a 400/63 kV substation with a breaker- and-a-half configuration. In addition, the technique proves to be robust under different operations. The results verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.

关键词： IEC 61850 reliability assessment fault tree analysis

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A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 31-55 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9

摘要： E-commerce, new retail, and other changes have highlighted the requirement of high efficiency and accuracy in the logistics service. As an important section in logistics and supply chain management, warehouses need to respond positively to the increasing requirement. The “smart warehouse” system, which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies, is increasingly attracting the attention of industry and technology giants as an efficient solution for the future of warehouse development. This study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehouses. We provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics of smart warehouses, including the perspectives of information interconnection, equipment automation, process integration, and environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review of relevant literature is then carried out based on the framework with four perspectives. This study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners.

关键词： smart warehouse operations management interconnection automation integration sustainability

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防护工程设备自动化系统一体化集成方法研究

缪小平,彭福胜,耿世彬,范良凯,江丰

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 84-94

摘要：

本文指出我国设备自动化系统存在的主要问题是将系统的集成作为弱电集成，导致自动化系统和设备系统相脱节。分析了设备自动化系统集成的目标、阶段划分及其评价标准。提出防护工程自动化系统与设备系统一体化集成的方法：瞄准设备自动化系统预期目标，在设计、施工、编程调试各个环节，甚至产品开发阶段，必须密切加强自动化系统与设备系统配合。

关键词：防护工程设备自动化系统集成

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适用于轧钢过程的计算机控制系统

孙一康

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第1期页码 73-76

摘要：

轧钢自动化，特别是带钢热连轧自动化，要求计算机控制系统具有高速控制、高速通信能力。为了推动我国轧钢自动化技术的发展，在分析国外系统发展的基础上，自行设计和集成了适用于"快速"过程的分布式计算机控制系统，这一系列已在几台热连轧机上得到应用，文章对这一系统进行了介绍。

关键词：轧钢自动化带钢热连轧自动化分布式计算机控制系统系统集成

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Functional tolerance theory in incremental growth design

YANG Bo, ZE Xiangbo, YANG Tao

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 336-343 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0059-x

摘要： The evolutionary tolerance design strategy and its characteristics are studied on the basis of automation technology in the product structure design. To guarantee a successful transformation from the functional requirement to geometry constraints between parts, and finally to dimension constraints, a functional tolerance design theory in the process of product growth design is put forward. A mathematical model with a correlated sensitivity function between cost and the tolerance is created, in which the design cost, the manufacturing cost, the usage cost, and the depreciation cost of the product are regarded as control constraints of the tolerance allocation. Considering these costs, a multifactor-cost function to express quality loss of the product is applied into the model. In the mathematical model, the minimum cost is used as the objective function; a reasonable process capability index, the assembly function, and assembly quality are taken as the constraints; and depreciation cost in the objective function is expressed as the discount rate terminology in economics. Thus, allocation of the dimension tolerance as the function and cost over the whole lifetime of the product is realized. Finally, a design example is used to demonstrate the successful application of the proposed functional tolerance theory in the incremental growth design of the product.

关键词： successful transformation mathematical automation technology tolerance allocation minimum

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网络自智——网络创新的新时代

张宏科, 权伟

《工程（英文）》 2022年第17卷第10期页码 13-16 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.019

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人机互信的知识自动化与混合增强智能：复杂系统认知管控机制及其应用 Research Article

王飞跃1,郭剑波2,卜广全3,张俊4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1142-1157 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100418

摘要：本文旨在阐述复杂系统认知、管理和控制中人机互信的混合增强智能和知识自动化机制与应用。本文从复杂系统研究的发展历程出发，通过对复杂系统的特性、人工智能科技、人机混合增强智能科技及其在复杂系统管控中的必要性阐述，分析了人类智能、机器智能在复杂系统管控中的优势与局限性，并提出“人机互信知识自动化”的概念。以电力系统大电网调控为背景，阐述了未来人机混合智能在大电网调度中可能的技术路径和应用基础，并以潮流校正控制为例，说明人机知识自动化任务流程的完成过程。通过本文内容的阐述，希望对基于人机混合增强智能的复杂系统管理和控制的理论方法提供一种新的机制和应用路径，并对社会典型复杂系统管控的数字化、智能化建设起到积极作用。

关键词：复杂系统；人机知识自动化；平行系统；大电网调度；人工智能；智联网

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大气探测系统设计和工程建设

郑国光

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 21-26

摘要：

文章分析了我国大气探测业务现状和大气探测技术发展趋势，阐述了我国大气探测系统设计和工程建设的基本思路和目标，介绍了即将开始建设的国家大中型建设项目——大气监测自动化系统的总体结构和建设的主要内容。文章也是对大气科学的工程化建设一文^[1]的进一步阐述。

关键词：大气探测监测自动化工程设计与建设

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Research Trends in Information Technology Applications in Construction Safety Engineering and Management

Mirosɬaw J. Skibniewski

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 246-259 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014034

摘要： Through analysis of articles published from 2000 to March 2014 in Automaton in Construction (AUTCON), an international research journal published by Elsevier, this paper summarizes the topics of research and the institutions worldwide where research was conducted in construction safety engineering and management. Seventy-one articles published during this time focused on Information Technology (IT) applications in this field were selected for analysis. The underlying research topics and their related IT implementations are discussed, and research trends in allied specialties are identified.

关键词： automation international research journal research trends industrial safety engineering and management construction technology building engineering information technology

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Lessons learned from developing and implementing refinery production scheduling technologies

Marcel JOLY, Mario Y. MIYAKE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 325-337 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017033

摘要： An increasing number of novel and highly specialized computer-aided decision-making technologies for short-term production scheduling in oil refineries has emerged and evolved over the past two decades, thereby encouraging refiners to permanently rethink the way the refining business is operated and managed. In this report, we discuss the key lessons learned from one of the pioneering, yet daring, enterprise-wide programs entirely implemented in an energy company devoted to developing and implementing an advanced refinery production scheduling (RPS) technology, i.e., the RPS system of Petrobras. Apart from mathematical and information technology issues, the long-term sustainability of a successful RPS project is, we argue, the outcome of a virtuous cycle grounded on permanent actions devoted to improving technical education inside the organization, reinspecting organizational cultures and operational paradigms, and developing working processes.

关键词： automation decision making oil refinery optimization production scheduling

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采矿业发展知识经济的思考

于润沧

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 40-43

摘要：

文章指出，采矿工业是以自然资源为生产对象的古老产业。面对知识经济浪潮，应从技术创新、管理创新、教育（培训）创新三个方面制定可持续发展的战略方针，向着高度信息化，数控采矿环境，充分利用低品位资源，保持完好的生态环境，大力提高企业综合竞争能力迈迸。

关键词：知识经济采矿自动化可持续发展

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A critical review of preparation design and workability measurement of concrete material for largescale 3D printing

Guowei MA, Li WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 382-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0430-x

摘要：

In recent few years, significant improvement has been made in developing largescale 3D printers to accommodate the need of industrial-scale 3D printing. It is of great feasibility to construct structural components and buildings by means of 3D concrete printing. The major issues of this innovative technique focus on the preparation and optimization of concrete materials which possess favourable printable properties as well as the measurement and evaluation methods of their workability. This paper firstly introduces three largescale 3D printing systems that have been successfully applied in construction industry. It then summarizes the commonly used raw materials in concrete manufacturing. Critical factors that should be particularly controlled in material preparation are specified. Easy-extrusive, easy-flowing, well-buildable, proper setting time and low shrinkage are significant for concrete mixture to meet the critical requirements of a freeform construction process. Thereafter, measuring methods that can be employed to assess the fresh and hardened properties of concrete at early stages are suggested. Finally, a few of evaluation methods are presented which may offer certain assistance for optimizing material preparation. The objective of this work is to review current design methodologies and experimental measurement and evaluation methods for 3D printable concrete materials and promote its responsible use with largescale 3D printing technology.

关键词： 3D printing concrete material printable property workability measurement construction automation