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Sensitivity analysis and numerical experiments on transient test of compact heat exchanger surfaces

REN Hesheng, LAI Lingjun, CUI Yongzheng

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 374-380 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0079-1

摘要： A single-blow transient testing technique considering the effect of longitudinal heat conduction is suggested for determining the average convection heat transfer coefficient of compact heat exchanger surface. By matching the measured outlet fluid temperature variation with similar theoretical curves, the dimensionless longitudinal conduction parameter , the time constant of the inlet fluid temperature , and the number of heat transfer units can be determined simultaneously using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear parameter estimation method. Both sensitivity analysis and numerical experiments with simulated measurements containing random errors show that the method in the present investigation provides satisfactory accuracy of the estimated parameter , which characterizes the heat transfer performance of compact heat exchanger surfaces.

关键词： coefficient     dimensionless longitudinal     longitudinal     temperature     conduction    

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Hydrologic experiments and modeling of two laboratory bioretention systems under different boundary conditions

Ruifen Liu, Elizabeth Fassman-Beck

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0951-5

摘要： Hydrologic performance of bioretention systems is significantly influenced by the media composition and underdrain configuration. This research measured hydrologic performance of column-scale bioretention systems during a synthetic design storm of 25.9 mm, assuming a system area:catchment area ratio of 5%. The laboratory experiments involved two different engineered media and two different drainage configurations. Results show that the two engineered media with different sand aggregates were able to retain about 36% of the inflow volume with free drainage configuration. However, the medium with marine sand is better at delaying the occurrence of drainage than the one with pumice sand, denoting the better detention ability of the former. For both engineered media, an underdrain configuration with internal water storage (IWS) zone lowered drainage volume and peak drainage rate as well as delayed the occurrence of drainage and peak drainage rate, as compared to a free drainage configuration. The USEPA SWMM v5.1.11 model was applied for the free drainage configuration case, and there is a reasonable fit between observed and modeled drainage-rates when media-specific characteristics are available. For the IWS drainage configuration case, air entrapment was observed to occur in the engineered medium with marine sand. Filling of an IWS zone is most likely to be influenced by many factors, such as the structure of the bioretention system, medium physical and hydraulic properties, and inflow characteristics. More research is needed on the analysis and modeling of hydrologic process in bioretention with IWS drainage configuration.

关键词： Bioretention     Hydrologic process     Underdrain configuration     SWMM     Modeling    

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The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1431-5

摘要：

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice.

关键词： Cadmium     Genotypes     Growth stages     Micro X-ray fluorescence     Planting mode    

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Migration and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bioretention systems with different media: experiments

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1802-9

摘要：

● Bioretention systems showed > 92% load reduction rates of PAHs.

关键词： Bioretention     Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     HYDRUS-1D     Model simulation     Migration    

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A metadata model for collaborative experiments and simulations in earthquake engineering

Jean-Pierre BARDET, Nazila MOKARRAM, Fang LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 133-153 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0036-z

摘要： Research projects in earthquake engineering yield a very large amount of complex data from experiments and computer simulations. Understanding and exchanging these complicated and voluminous data sets prompted the development of metadata models that document the processes of data generation, and facilitate the collaboration and exchange of information between researchers. The present metadata model was designed to document and exchange a large number of large data files in earthquake engineering, but is applicable to other fields of engineering and science. The model was conceived based on a series of former data models, which were unduly complicated and limited to few types of experiments. Simpler than its predecessors, the present metadata model applies to all kinds of earthquake engineering experiments. It was developed in the object-oriented framework using Protégé. Its applications are illustrated with examples from centrifuge experiments.

关键词： metadata     data     documentation     experiment     simulation    

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Centrifuge experiments for shallow tunnels at active reverse fault intersection

Mehdi SABAGH, Abbas GHALANDARZADEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 731-745 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0614-7

摘要： Tunnels extend in large stretches with continuous lengths of up to hundreds of kilometers which are vulnerable to faulting in earthquake-prone areas. Assessing the interaction of soil and tunnel at an intersection with an active fault during an earthquake can be a beneficial guideline for tunnel design engineers. Here, a series of 4 centrifuge tests are planned and tested on continuous tunnels. Dip-slip surface faulting in reverse mechanism of 60-degree is modeled by a fault simulator box in a quasi-static manner. Failure mechanism, progression and locations of damages to the tunnels are assessed through a gradual increase in Permanent Ground Displacement (PGD). The ground surface deformations and strains, fault surface trace, fault scarp and the sinkhole caused by fault movement are observed here. These ground surface deformations are major threats to stability, safety and serviceability of the structures. According to the observations, the modeled tunnels are vulnerable to reverse fault rupture and but the functionality loss is not abrupt, and the tunnel will be able to tolerate some fault displacements. By monitoring the progress of damage states by increasing PGD, the fragility curves corresponding to each damage state were plotted and interpreted in related figures.

关键词： reverse fault rupture     continuous tunnel     geotechnical centrifuge     ground surface deformations     fragility curves    

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THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021438

摘要：

Quantifying the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services has been promoted as an approach to achieving multifunctional grassland systems that balance productivity with other regulating, supporting and cultural services. Establishing trade-offs and synergies between traits and services has largely relied on meta-analyses of studies from different systems and environments. This study demonstrated the value of focused studies of long-term experiments in grassland systems that measure traits and services in the same space and time to better understand the ecological constraints underlying these trade-offs and synergies. An analysis is presented that uses data from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Research on above-ground productivity, species richness and soil organic carbon stocks to quantify the relationships between these three outcomes and the power of variance in plant functional traits in explaining them. There was a trade-off between plots with high productivity, nitrogen inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with high species richness that was explained by a functional gradient of traits that are indicative of contrasting strategies of resource acquisition of resource conservation. Examples were identified of using functional traits to identify opportunities for mitigating these trade-offs and moving toward more multifunctional systems.

关键词： multifunctional grassland systems / Park Grass Experiment / soil organic carbon / ecosystem service    

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Optimum design and preliminary experiments of a novel parallel end traction apparatus for upper-limb

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 726-746 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0651-5

摘要： Robot-assisted technology has been increasingly employed in the therapy of post stroke patients to deliver high-quality treatment and alleviate therapists’ burden. This paper introduces a novel parallel end traction apparatus (PETA) to supplement equipment selection. Considering the appearance and performance of the PETA, two types of special five-bar linkage mechanisms are selected as the potential configurations of the actuation execution unit because of their compact arrangement and parallel structure. Kinematic analysis of each mechanism, i.e., position solutions and Jacobian matrix, is carried out. Subsequently, a comparative study between the two mechanisms is conducted. In the established source of nondimensional parameter synthesis, the singularity, maximum continuous workspace, and performance variation trends are analyzed. Based on the evaluation results, the final scheme with determined configuration and corresponding near-optimized nondimensional parameters is obtained. Then, a prototype is constructed. By adding a lockable translational degree of freedom in the vertical direction, the PETA can provide 2D planar exercise and 3D spatial exercise. Finally, a control system is developed for passive exercise mode based on the derived inverse position solution, and preliminary experiments are performed to verify the applicability of the PETA.

关键词： parallel mechanism     upper-limb rehabilitation     singularity and workspace analyses     performance evaluation     optimum design    

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静液驱动二次调节扭矩加载系统实验

战兴群,张炎华,赵克定

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第11期   页码 70-73

摘要：

针对柔性航天器动力学模型的降阶问题，综述了动力学建模中几种常用的模态集，介绍了用于选择系统保留模态的有关准则。通常的模态价值分析和内平衡理论是用于航天器系统模态的选取，而不是直接用于动力学建模时的部件模态或系统结构弹性变形模态的选取，因而存在如何应用上述准则于动力学建模的问题。为此，提出了一个动力学建模时的降阶策略；还提供了一个数值例子，以对采用不同的模态集建模时的结果进行比较，并表明如何采用上述准则于航天器的动力学建模。

关键词： 航天器     柔性体     动力学     模型降阶    

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Simulation and experiments on a solid sorption combined cooling and power system driven by the exhaust

Peng GAO, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG, Yang YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 516-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0511-5

摘要： A solid sorption combined cooling and power system driven by exhaust waste heat is proposed, which consists of a MnCl sorption bed, a CaCl sorption bed, an evaporator, a condenser, an expansion valve, and a scroll expander, and ammonia is chosen as the working fluid. First, the theoretical model of the system is established, and the partitioning calculation method is proposed for sorption beds. Next, the experimental system is established, and experimental results show that the refrigerating capacity at the refrigerating temperature of –10°C and the resorption time of 30 min is 1.95 kW, and the shaft power is 109.2 W. The system can provide approximately 60% of the power for the evaporator fan and the condenser fan. Finally, the performance of the system is compared with that of the solid sorption refrigeration system. The refrigerating capacity of two systems is almost the same at the same operational condition. Therefore, the power generation process does not influence the refrigeration process. The exergy efficiency of the two systems is 0.076 and 0.047, respectively. The feasibility of the system is determined, which proves that this system is especially suitable for the exhaust waste heat recovery.

关键词： solid sorption     exhaust waste heat     combined cooling and power system     exergy efficiency    

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Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling

Fariba Mahmoudkhani, Maryam Rezaei, Vahid Asili, Mahsasadat Atyabi, Elena Vaisman, Cooper H. Langford, Alex De Visscher

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0876-4

摘要： A photochemical model of benzene degradation compares well with experimental data obtained in the Lab. 62 reactions were needed to fully describe benzene degradation. A feasibility study shows that the photolysis of benzene is a cost-effective process. Experimental data and modeling results show that the degradation efficiency will increase when the combination of UV light and ozone is used. The degradation of benzene, a carcinogenic air pollutant, was studied in a gas-phase photochemical reactor with an amalgam lamp emitting ultraviolet light at 185 and 254 nm. Efficient benzene degradation (>70%) was possible for benzene mass flow rates of up to 1.5 mg·min . Adding ozone allowed benzene mass flow rates of up to 5 mg·min to be treated with the same efficiency. In terms of energy consumption, ozone doubles the efficiency of the process. A comprehensive mechanistic simulation model was developed incorporating a chemical kinetics model (62 reactions involving 47 chemical species), a material balance model incorporating diffusion and flow, a flow velocity model, and a light field model. The model successfully predicted the efficiency of the reactor, generally within 20%, which indicates that the model is sound, and can be used for feasibility studies. The prediction of the reactor efficiency in the presence of ozone was less successful, with systematically overestimated efficiency. Condensation of reaction products in the reactor is thought to be the main cause of model inaccuracy. Both experimental data and model predictions show that there is a synergistic effect between ozonation and ultraviolet degradation.

关键词： Photolysis     Ozone     Benzene     Waste gas     Simulation     Synergism    

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Characterization of interaction between different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using

Yan ZHANG,Yuan ZHANG,Tao YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 510-518 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0588-y

摘要： The complex capacity of different types of organic matters (OMs) for Cu was quantitatively studied by simulation experiments using different adsorbents prepared from the sediment in Taihu Lake. The free Cu was measured with ion selective electrode (ISE) and complex capacity was calculated using a conditional formation constant model. The result indicated that the complex capacity was 0.048 mmol·g , 0.009 and 0.005 mmol·g for raw sediment, sediment without DOM, sediment without insoluble organic matters but with DOM and sediment without OM. Insoluble organic matter played a major role in the sorption of Cu in sediment and it can adsorb most Cu from water column. In the solution, Cu mainly existed as a complex with DOM and the DOM-Cu complexation capacity was 327.87 mg·g . The change of TOC and pH indicated ion-exchange in the interaction between free Cu and DOM. When the Cu concentration in the experiment reached the complex capacity of DOM, precipitation was the major mechanism to remove Cu from water phase, which was observed from UV absorbance change of DOM, that is, its aromaticity increased while molecular weight decreased. The desorption result indicated that DOM was more capable of desorbing Cu from adsorbents without OM than adsorbent with OM. The desorbed quantity with DOM was 1.65, 1.78 and 2.25 times higher than that with water for adsorbents without OM, raw adsorbents (sediment) and adsorbents without DOM.

关键词： interaction     dissolved organic matters     sediment     sorption     desorption     Taihu Lake    

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Diphenylarsinic acid sorption mechanisms in soils using batch experiments and EXAFS spectroscopy

Meng Zhu, Yongming Luo, Ruyi Yang, Shoubiao Zhou, Juqin Zhang, Mengyun Zhang, Peter Christie, Elizabeth L. Rylott

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1237-x

摘要： DPAA sorption data was found to fit the Freundlich equation. Kf was significantly positive correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe2O3. Ligand exchange was the main mechanism for DPAA sorption on soils. Bidentate binuclear and monodentate mononuclear DPAA bonds were identified. Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) is a phenyl arsenic compound derived from chemical warfare weapons. Macroscopic and microscopic work on DPAA sorption will provide useful information in predicting the partitioning and mobility of DPAA in the soil-water environment. Here, batch experiments and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy were used to investigate the sorption mechanisms of DPAA. The DPAA sorption data from 11 soil types was found to fit the Freundlich equation, and the sorption capacity, Kf, was significantly and positively correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe2O3. The Kf values of eight of the 11 untreated soils (1.51–113.04) significantly decreased upon removal of amorphous metal (hydr)oxides (0.51–13.37). When both amorphous and crystalline metal (hydr)oxides were removed from the untreated soils, the Kf values either decreased or slightly increased (0.65–3.09). Subsequent removal of soil organic matter from these amorphous and crystalline metal (hydr)oxide-depleted samples led to further decreases in Kf to 0.02–1.38, with only one exception (Sulfic Aquic-Orthic Halosols). These findings strongly suggest that ligand exchange reactions with amorphous metal (hydr)oxides contribute most to DPAA sorption on soils. EXAFS data provide further evidence that DPAA primarily formed bidentate binuclear (2C) and monodentate mononuclear (1V) coring-sharing complexes with As-Fe distances of 3.34 and 3.66 Å, respectively, on Fe (hydr)oxides. Comparison of these results with earlier studies suggests that 2C and 1V complexes of DPAA may be favored under low and high surface coverages, respectively, with the formation of 1V bonds possibly conserving the sorption sites or decreasing the steric hindrance derived from phenyl substituents.

关键词： Diphenylarsinic acid     EXAFS     Fe (hydr)oxide     Soil organic matter     Sorption mechanism    

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On the Innovation, Design, Construction, and Experiments of OMEGA-Based SSPS Prototype: The Sun Chasing Article

Baoyan Duan, Yiqun Zhang, Guangda Chen, Ze Zhao, Jianwei Mi, Xun Li, Lin Yang, Xi Li

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.007

摘要：

 

This study systematically introduces the development of the world's first full-link and full-system ground demonstration and verification system for the OMEGA space solar power satellite (SSPS). First, the OMEGA 2.0 innovation design was proposed. Second, field-coupling theoretical models of sunlight concentration, photoelectric conversion, and transmitting antennas were established, and a systematic optimization design method was proposed. Third, a beam waveform optimization methodology considering both a high beam collection efficiency and a circular stepped beam shape was proposed. Fourth, a control strategy was developed to control the condenser pointing toward the sun while maintaining the transmitting antenna toward the rectenna. Fifth, a high-efficiency heat radiator design method based on bionics and topology optimization was proposed. Sixth, a method for improving the rectenna array’s reception, rectification, and direct current (DC) power synthesis efficiencies is presented. Seventh, high-precision measurement technology for high-accuracy beam-pointing control was developed. Eighth, a smart mechanical structure was designed and developed. Finally, the developed SSPS ground demonstration and verification system has the capacity for sun tracking, a high concentration ratio, photoelectric conversion, microwave conversion and emission, microwave reception, and rectification, and thus satisfactory results were obtained.

关键词： OMEGA-SSPS     Full-link and full-system Beam collection efficiency     Circular stepped beam shape     Smart structure     Field coupling theoretical model     Beam pointing control    

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On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 1-23 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0790-0

摘要： This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples. The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data, taken from four high-dynamic tests. The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model. It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens. The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements, subjected to solar heating. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity (RH) of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete. The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring. It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice. Overall, it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value. However, its degree varies with these examples. In any case, it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources, namely, multi-scale structural analysis, conventional structural analysis, and experiments.

关键词： experiments     multi-scale analysis     conventional structural analysis     concrete     reinforced concrete    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Sensitivity analysis and numerical experiments on transient test of compact heat exchanger surfaces

REN Hesheng, LAI Lingjun, CUI Yongzheng

期刊论文

Hydrologic experiments and modeling of two laboratory bioretention systems under different boundary conditions

Ruifen Liu, Elizabeth Fassman-Beck

期刊论文

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

期刊论文

Migration and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bioretention systems with different media: experiments

期刊论文

A metadata model for collaborative experiments and simulations in earthquake engineering

Jean-Pierre BARDET, Nazila MOKARRAM, Fang LIU

期刊论文

Centrifuge experiments for shallow tunnels at active reverse fault intersection

Mehdi SABAGH, Abbas GHALANDARZADEH

期刊论文

THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

期刊论文

Optimum design and preliminary experiments of a novel parallel end traction apparatus for upper-limb

期刊论文

静液驱动二次调节扭矩加载系统实验

战兴群,张炎华,赵克定

期刊论文

Simulation and experiments on a solid sorption combined cooling and power system driven by the exhaust

Peng GAO, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG, Yang YU

期刊论文

Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling

Fariba Mahmoudkhani, Maryam Rezaei, Vahid Asili, Mahsasadat Atyabi, Elena Vaisman, Cooper H. Langford, Alex De Visscher

期刊论文

Characterization of interaction between different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using

Yan ZHANG,Yuan ZHANG,Tao YU

期刊论文

Diphenylarsinic acid sorption mechanisms in soils using batch experiments and EXAFS spectroscopy

Meng Zhu, Yongming Luo, Ruyi Yang, Shoubiao Zhou, Juqin Zhang, Mengyun Zhang, Peter Christie, Elizabeth L. Rylott

期刊论文

On the Innovation, Design, Construction, and Experiments of OMEGA-Based SSPS Prototype: The Sun Chasing

Baoyan Duan, Yiqun Zhang, Guangda Chen, Ze Zhao, Jianwei Mi, Xun Li, Lin Yang, Xi Li

期刊论文

On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

期刊论文