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A perspective on the promoting effect of Ir and Au on Pd toward the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media

G. GUO, G. H. WEI, L. X. LUO, F. LI, J. L. ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 501-508 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0586-7

摘要： There remain great challenges in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts with both high activity and good stability for the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media. Herein, two architectures of tri-metallic PdIrAu/C electrocatalysts are designed and the promoting effect of Au and Ir on Pd toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media is investigated in detail. On the one hand, the tri-metallic Pd Au Ir/C electrocatalyst with a solid solution alloy architecture is less active relative to Pd Ir/C and Pd/C while the stabilizing effect of Au leads to both a higher activity and a lower degradation percentage after 3000 cycles of the accelerated degradation test (ADT) on Pd Au Ir/C than those on Pd Ir/C. On the other hand, the tri-metallic Pd Ir@(1/3Au)/C electrocatalyst with a near surface alloy architecture delivers a much higher activity with an improvement up to 50.4% compared to Pd Ir/C. It is speculated that for the tri-metallic Pd Ir@(1/3Au)/C electrocatalyst, certain Au atoms are well designed on surfaces to introduce an electronic modification, thus leading to an anti-poisoning effect and improving the EOR activity.

关键词： fuel cells catalysts ethanol oxidation alkaline media solid solution alloy near surface alloy

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Key stakeholders’ perspectives on the ideal partnering culture in construction projects

LÜHR, Marian G. C. BOSCH-REKVELDT, Mladen RADUJKOVIC

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 312-325 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0135-z

摘要： This paper examines the current state of project cultures in the German turnkey construction industry and the ideal project cultures in terms of partnering from the perspective of various key stakeholders (i.e., Investors, General Contractors, (Sub-)Contractors and Designers). To investigate the current and ideal cultures, data were gathered among the key stakeholders by means of a survey study with 72 respondents divided over 12 companies. The respondents rated the current and desired cultures by using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, which belongs to the Competing Values Framework. The investigations show many similarities and differences between the stakeholder perspectives of the current and the idealized partnering project cultures. Mainly, the General Contractors desire more cooperative behaviors than the (Sub-)Contractors, and the Investors desire more pronounced flexibility than the General Contractors. All stakeholders desire a cultural change from highly competitive behaviors toward more cooperation. Changes in terms of clear procedures or more flexibility are only desired by the Designers. Defining both the current and an ideal partnering project culture enables academics and project managers to compare their actual project cultures to an ideal situation. With such an approach, academics and project managers could measure whether new tools or changes in resources affect their project cultures toward a partnering project culture.

关键词： project culture organisational culture partnering construction culture stakeholder perspectives German

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A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 33-41 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0356-5

摘要：

This paper discusses the redesign of a binary parallel manipulator named BaPaMan (Binary Actuated Parallel Manipulator). The aim of this work is the improvement of the structures stiffness of BaPaMan. Additionally this paper shows the implementation of a construction kit which allows task-adaptation of low-cost robots based on the BaPaMan structure. BaPaMan is a three degree of freedom (DOF) spatial parallel robot which comprises flexure hinges and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to achieve a low-cost design, well suited for easy operation applications. Measurements have shown that this comes at the cost of poor structural stiffness and end effector accuracy. To counter these issues BaPaMan2 and BaPaMan3 have been developed and are elaborated within this work. During the design phase, an empirical FEA is used to improve the flexure hinge performance, which analyses relations between several design parameters and the stiffness of the entire system. Finally, task-adaptation is achieved by using a design methodology and a parametric CAD model for BaPaMan. Besides the paper introduces first applications of the BaPaMan structure and shows future work.

关键词： binary actuation flexure hinges SMA actuators low-cost design kit task-adaptation

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海洋可再生能源的前景 Review

Alistair G. L. Borthwick

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 69-78 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.011

摘要：

以化石燃料为基础的发电方式会产生大量二氧化碳，从而导致全球气候变暖。我们需要采取行动减少化石燃料的使用和二氧化碳的排放。海洋能源存在巨大潜力，但是其开发还面临着跨学科的技术、成本、投资、环境影响和政府政策等方面的问题。本文简要介绍了海上风电、潮流、洋流、潮差、波浪能、海洋热能、盐度梯度、生物能等方面的内容，简述了开采海洋可再生能源需要进行研究的领域。这些领域包括能源存储、高级材料、机器人和信息学。本文以可持续性的角度从伦理、立法、监管环境、政府政策、经济、社会和环境制约等方面给出了海洋可再生能源发展的要求，强调我们急需富有专研精神的新一代科学家解决海洋可再生能源面临的重大挑战。

关键词：海洋可再生能源海上风电潮流洋流潮差波浪能海洋热能生物能可持续性

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Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

G. YUDINA, Danyang GUO, N. F. PISKUNKOVA, I. B. PAVLOVA, L. L. ZAVALOVA, I. P. BASKOVA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 203-209 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1277-2

摘要： Antifungal activity of recombinant medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys) was investigated by using fungi: , and , including yeasts and . Its antibacterial activity was investigated on gram-negative bacteria . These activities were assessed by radial agar diffusion assay, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, destabilase-lysozyme not only is endo-isopeptidase and lysozyme, but also has antifungal and antibacterial activities. Muramidase activity of rec.Dest-Lys disappeared after heat-treating at 90°C for 50 min without the loss of its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore we showed for the first time that the heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys exhibited more potent activities against the above enumerated fungi and gram-negative bacteria than original protein.

关键词： recombinant destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys) antimicrobial activity antifungal activity medicinal leech heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys (T-rec.Dest-Lys)

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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L.

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

摘要： Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

关键词： circular agriculture coupled farming systems mixed farming specialised farming systems GHG

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A DNA sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials

El-Sagheer, Tom Brown, Otto L. Muskens, Antonios G. Kanaras

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 935-943 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2023-9

摘要： We demonstrate the fabrication of a new DNA sensor that is based on the optical interactions occurring between oligonucleotide-coated NaYF : Yb ; Er upconversion nanoparticles and the two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials, MoS and WS . Monodisperse upconversion nanoparticles were functionalized with single-stranded DNA endowing the nanoparticles with the ability to interact with the surface of the two-dimensional materials via van der Waals interactions leading to subsequent quenching of the upconversion fluorescence. By contrast, in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide target and the formation of double-stranded DNA, the upconversion nanoparticles could not interact with MoS and WS , thus retaining their inherent fluorescence properties. Utilizing this sensor we were able to detect target oligonucleotides with high sensitivity and specificity whilst reaching a concentration detection limit as low as 5 fmol·L , within minutes.

关键词： upconversion nanoparticles DNA sensor two-dimensional materials MoS₂ WS₂

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中尺度机器人群集设计创新：合作式城市传感和测绘场景下的应用 Special Feature on Intelligent Design

Audelia G. DHARMAWAN, Gim Song SOH, Shaohui FOONG, Roland BOUFFANAIS, Kristin L. WOOD

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第12期 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900384

摘要：由于中尺度机器人具有隐蔽性、便携性等特点，安全与监测领域的中尺度机器人研发越来越受到重视。为实现快速、节能、分布式、自适应、具有鲁棒性和可伸缩的系统，中尺度机器人设计和开发需大量硬件、控制和行为创新。本文从4方面详述其设计和开发过程：（1）嵌入式平台的系谱学；（2）关键系统架构和功能布局；（3）研发和实施中尺度机器人系统的设计原则；（4）为中尺度机器人族群有效集体运作而开发的各种关键算法，及在城市传感和测绘领域的应用。这需要我们对可靠运行的嵌入式硬件需求具有清晰认知，以及在磁感、室内定位、中央模式发生器控制和中尺度器人群体分布式自治方面作出关键创新。虽然在复杂机器人系统设计过程中不可避免采用一些临时方法，但本文主要关注成体系系统的设计过程以及组件设计集成。成体系系统的设计过程为该领域未来系统的开发提供了基础。本文所介绍的设计代表最新发展趋势，可作为其他应用的基准，并推广到其他领域。

关键词：成体系系统设计；中尺度机器人；群集；城市传感

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Enhancing thermostability of -mannanase by protective additives

LIU Zhaohui, QI Wei, WU Weina, LIU Yue, HE Zhimin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 439-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0062-8

摘要： The effects of some sugars (glucose, mannose, fructose, sucrose and chitosan) and polyols (glycol, glycerol and sorbitol) as protective additive on the thermostability of -mannanase were studied. The optimal reaction temperatures of -mannanase and the thermodynamics and the deactivation kinetics with or without additives were also investigated. The experimental results show that sucrose, chitosan and sorbitol could apparently improve the thermal stability of -mannanase when their concentration was kept at 2 g/L. The optimal combination additive proportion was sucrose: chitosan : sorbitol = 1 : 2 : 2 (molar ratio) using the orthogonal experimental design. The sucrose, chitosan, glycerol, sorbitol and the combination additive might increase the optimal reaction temperature from 50°C to about 60°C due to their good protection effect. The thermal deactivation curves of -mannanase accorded with the kinetic rules of first order reaction, and the corresponding kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Meanwhile, the protective mechanism of the additives against deactivation of enzyme was also discussed.

关键词： protective additive g/L orthogonal experimental combination additive corresponding

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光纤微针装置中增强对流药物输注的热强化表征 Article

Ecker,John L. Robertson,Christopher G. Rylander

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第3期页码 344-350 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015077

摘要：

增强对流输注 (CED) 是一项颇具前景的技术，其借助压力驱动流来增强输注药物进入细胞间隙的穿透力。为进一步提升CED的药物分布容积，笔者发明了一种可产生局部亚致死热量的光纤微针装置。本文试图在琼脂糖组织模型中对该技术进行定量表征。在15 °C、20 °C、25 °C和30 °C的恒温条件下，染料的输注在质量分数为0.6%的琼脂糖组织模型中进行分析。输注指标通过自定义阴影成像技术和图像处理算法进行定量。利用所获数据构建一个分布容积的经验预测时序模型作为组织模型温度的函数。接下来通过一组概念验证实验来评估液体输注时新型光纤装置产生局部光加热的能力。恒温输注显示温度和分布容积呈正相关，在100 min时，在30 °C恒温条件下体积扩散是在15 °C恒温条件下的7倍。在光加热 (1064 nm，500 mW) 过程中，输注呈现相似的效果：与对照组 (0 mW) 相比，输注体积在4 h时增大了3.5倍。本文的分析和结果为体积扩散的热介导增强提供了特征描述及新思路。

关键词：近红外激光热化学疗法琼脂糖光加热微导管恶性胶质瘤

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2020普遍通信与5G技术国际会议(UC5G 2020)

会议日期： 2020年03月26日

会议地点：上海

主办单位： APISE

邹玉龙：5G/6G异构网络通信安全及电力物联网应用（2020年8月17日）

2022年10月17日

关键词：信息技术

Comments on the special issue on forestry of

John L. INNES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 502-503 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017189

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河口三角洲系统海平面上升行为甄别研究——以上海海岸为例 Article

程和琴, 陈吉余, 陈祖军, 阮仁良, 徐贵泉, 曾刚, 朱建荣, 戴志军, 陈小勇, 顾圣华, 张先林, 王寒梅

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 156-163 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.002

摘要：

气候变化导致海平面上升是河口三角洲城市发展面临的主要威胁，位处长江河口三角洲的特大型城市上海面临同样的问题。就气候变化适应性决策者而言，其困难在于海平面上升的原因、幅度和出现时间的不确定性。本文在年代际尺度上就海平面上升原因、幅度的甄别做了尝试。即在分析上海沿岸11 个潮位站1921 年以来潮位记录及其相邻水域水下地形基础上，发现该地区海平面上升除了众所周知的理论海平面上升、构造沉降和城市地面沉降外，还有三种新的、人为地形改变所致的海平面上升行为。其一为围垦和深水航道整治导致的局域海平面上升；其二是流域沉积物源减少引起河槽冲刷导致的局域海平面下降；其三为局域深度基准面抬升。上海沿岸2011—2030年间海平面上升幅度预测值为10~16 cm。这一海平面上升行为的甄别结果为当地决策者制定河口三角洲系统适应气候变化和海平面上升的工程和非工程措施提供科学依据，以期减少日益加剧的洪灾损失。此项工作未来充满挑战。

关键词：海平面上升行为人为地形变化局域潮汐基准面洪水管理适应性