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Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1262-9

摘要： Abstract • Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.

关键词： Urban stormwater Runoff pollutants Low-cost adsorbents Adsorption Chemical leaching

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A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 33-41 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0356-5

摘要：

This paper discusses the redesign of a binary parallel manipulator named BaPaMan (Binary Actuated Parallel Manipulator). The aim of this work is the improvement of the structures stiffness of BaPaMan. Additionally this paper shows the implementation of a construction kit which allows task-adaptation of low-cost robots based on the BaPaMan structure. BaPaMan is a three degree of freedom (DOF) spatial parallel robot which comprises flexure hinges and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to achieve a low-cost design, well suited for easy operation applications. Measurements have shown that this comes at the cost of poor structural stiffness and end effector accuracy. To counter these issues BaPaMan2 and BaPaMan3 have been developed and are elaborated within this work. During the design phase, an empirical FEA is used to improve the flexure hinge performance, which analyses relations between several design parameters and the stiffness of the entire system. Finally, task-adaptation is achieved by using a design methodology and a parametric CAD model for BaPaMan. Besides the paper introduces first applications of the BaPaMan structure and shows future work.

关键词： binary actuation flexure hinges SMA actuators low-cost design kit task-adaptation

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Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要： This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词： green building low cost technique energy efficiency integrated strategy

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高强度纤维的低成本化开发新路

回显权

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 132-136

摘要：

为增强玻璃纤维的工作强度，使它达到碳纤维的水平，提出了新生态预浸复合改性技术，以一种永久保持新生态提高强度的方法达到此目的。

关键词：玻璃纤维新生态强度高性能复合材料低成本化

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Shrink-induced graphene sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection with low-cost self-assembly and label-free

Shota SANDO, Bo ZHANG, Tianhong CUI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 574-580 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0485-3

摘要：

Combination of shrink induced nano-composites technique and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled graphene challenges controlling surface morphology. Adjusting shrink temperature achieves tunability on graphene surface morphology on shape memory polymers, and it promises to be an alternative in fields of high-surface-area conductors and molecular detection. In this study, self-assembled graphene on a shrink polymer substrate exhibits nanowrinkles after heating. Induced nanowrinkles on graphene with different shrink temperature shows distinct surface roughness and wettability. As a result, it becomes more hydrophilic with higher shrink temperatures. The tunable wettability promises to be utilized in, for example, microfluidic devices. The graphene on shrink polymer also exhibits capability of being used in sensing applications for pH and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection with advantages of label free and low cost, due to self-assembly technique, easy functionalization, and antigen-antibody reaction on graphene surface. The detection limit of AFP detection is down to 1 pg/mL, and therefore the sensor also has a significant potential for biosensing as it relies on low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay.

关键词： graphene self-assembly shrink polymer AFP label-free biosensor

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A method to synthesize CdSe nanocrystals

XIE Chuang, CHEN Wei, WANG Jingkang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 377-380 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0068-7

摘要： CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) have great application prospects in various fields due to their novel properties. Some high-cost and toxic materials such as --octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) are used in the popular method to synthesize CdSe NCs. Based on this, a new low-cost, environment-friendly and safe solvent was introduced in the synthesis of CdSe NCs in this paper. The prepared CdSe NCs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), energy disperse X-ray spectra (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CdSe NCs obtained which show a good PL property are monodisperse, size-tunable and of high crystallinity. It indicates that the new solvent A is a good substitute for the solvent used in the classic route and achieves a greener synthesis of CdSe NCs.

关键词： octylphosphine greener synthesis substitute electron micrograph low-cost

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Low-Cost Federated Broad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of

Xiaoming Yuan,Jiahui Chen,Ning Zhang,Qiang Ye,Changle Li,Chunsheng Zhu,Xuemin Sherman Shen,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.015

摘要： High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ability of autonomous vehicles by mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). However, it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mobility environment. In order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing, we propose an asynchronous federated broad learning (FBL) framework that integrates broad learning (BL) into federated learning (FL). In FBL, we design a broad fully connected model (BFCM) as a local model for training client data. To enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients, we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) configuration optimization framework for FBL. The problem is decoupled into two convex subproblems. Aiming to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in FBL, a double Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DDFP) algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration problem. Based on the results of resource scheduling, we design a reward-allocation algorithm based on federated incentive learning (FIL) in FBL to compensate clients for their costs. The simulation results show that the proposed FBL framework achieves better performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

关键词： Knowledge sharing Internet of Vehicles Federated learning Broad learning Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Resource allocation

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低成本SoC平台MPEG-4 AAC解码器优化策略

高谷刚,时龙兴,浦汉来,周凡

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第10期页码 60-64

摘要：

提出了在低成本SoC平台的软件优化策略，包括基于统计分析的浮点到定点转换策略和面向性能优化的片上存储器容量定制策略，在此基础上针对计算密集性应用提出了完整的优化方法。通过实现MPEG-4 AAC实时解码，表明该优化策略在性能和成本方面的有效性。这一策略与方法也适合其他DSP应用。

关键词：软件优化 SoC 浮点到定点转换片上存储器 AAC

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Life cycle cost savings analysis on traditional drainage systems from low impact development strategies

Pengfei ZHANG, Samuel T. ARIARATNAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 88-97 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0063-y

摘要： Areas that are covered with natural vegetation have been converted into asphalt, concrete, or roofed structures and have increased surface impermeability and decreased natural drainage capability. Conventional drainage systems were built to mimic natural drainage patterns to prevent the occurrence of waterlogging in developed sites. These drainage systems consist of two major components: 1) a stormwater conduit system, and 2) a runoff storage system. Runoff storage systems contain retention basins and drywells that are used to store and percolate runoff, whereas conduit systems are combination of catch basins and conduit pipes used to collect and transport runoff. The construction of these drainage systems is costly and may cause significant environmental disturbance. In this study, low impact development (LID) methods that consist of extensive green roofs (GRs) and permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICPs) are applied in real-world construction projects. Construction project documents were reviewed, and related cost information was gathered through the accepted bidding proposals and interviews of specialty contractors in the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona. Results indicate that the application of both LID methods to existing projects can save an average of 27.2% in life cycle costs (LCC) for a 50-year service life and 18.7% in LCC for a 25-year service life on the proposed drainage system, respectively.

关键词： low impact development traditional drainage system hydraulic benefits life-cycle cost

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A low cost wearable optical-based goniometer for human joint monitoring

Chee Kian LIM, Zhiqiang LUO, I-Ming CHEN, Song Huat YEO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 13-22 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0201-7

摘要：

Widely used in the fields of physical and occupational therapy, goniometers are indispensible when it comes to angular measurement of the human joint. In both fields, there is a need to measure the range of motion associated with various joints and muscle groups. For example, a goniometer may be used to help determine the current status of the range of motion in bend the arm at the elbow, bending the knee, or bending at the waist. The device can help to establish the range of motion at the beginning of the treatment series, and also allow the therapist to monitor progress during subsequent sessions. Most commonly found are the mechanical goniometers which are inexpensive but bulky. As the parts are mechanically linked, accuracy and resolution are largely limited. On the other hand, electronic and optical fiber-based goniometers promise better performance over its mechanical counterpart but due to higher cost and setup requirements does not make it an attractive proposition as well. In this paper, we present a reliable and non-intrusive design of an optical-based goniometer for human joint measurement. This device will allow continuous and long-term monitoring of human joint motion in everyday setting. The proposed device was benchmarked against mechanical goniometer and optical based motion capture system to validate its performance. From the empirical results, it has been proven that this design can be use as a robust and effective wearable joint monitoring device.

关键词： optical goniometer human-joint measurement

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宋华：廉价碳源非热等离子光催化改制技术研究（2022年4月16日）

2022年06月09日

关键词：绿色化工

用于制造高效低成本太阳能电池的单晶种铸造大型单晶硅 Article

Bing Gao,Satoshi Nakano,Hirofumi Harada,Yoshiji Miyamura,Takashi Sekiguchi,Koichi Kakimoto

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第3期页码 378-383 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015032

摘要：

为了能以低成本生产优质大型单晶硅，笔者提出了单晶种铸造技术。这项技术的实施，必须解决两个问题，即坩埚壁上的多晶成核问题和晶体内的位错增殖问题。在本文中，笔者尝试通过数值分析法来解决这两个问题。根据数值分析得出的优化熔炉结构和工况进行了实验，在实验中采用单晶种铸造技术来生长单晶硅。实验结果表明，该技术远优于常用的高性能多晶和准单晶铸造技术。

关键词：单晶种铸造单晶硅多晶成核位错增殖多晶硅

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适于低成本嵌入式硬件的2R-1C模型非迭代参数估计 Article

Mitar SIMIĆ, Zdenka BABIĆ, Vladimir RISOJEVIĆ, Goran M. STOJANOVIĆ

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第3期页码 476-490 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900112

摘要： 2R-1C模型的参数估计常运用需要高性能处理单元的迭代方法，从而激励我们研究更省时且更节能的参数估计方法。这些低复杂度的算法将更适于便携式微机设备的运行。本文提出二次插值非迭代参数估计方法（QINIPE）；该方法基于测量阻抗虚部的二次插值，能够更精确地估计特征频率。运用一组封闭表达式从测量阻抗的实部和虚部计算2R-1C模型的参数。对仿真和测量获得的模型阻抗数据作对比分析；结果表明，相较于我们早前提出的非迭代参数估计方法（NIPE），QINIPE能减少80%测量点，且所有估计参数的相对估计误差低于1%。两种非迭代方法均基于一个微机设备实施；检测了估计精度、RAM、闪存使用以及运行时间。实验结果表明，相较于NIPE，QINIPE轻微增加了0.576 ms运行时间（约6.7%），且需要多24%（1.2 KB）闪存及多2.4%（32字节）RAM。然而，QINIPE的阻抗均方根误差分别降低至NIPE对应的42.8%（实部）和64.5%（虚部）。此外，比较了QINIPE和复杂非线性最小二乘法（CNLS）对2R-1C模型参数的估计。结果表明，虽然QINIPE估计精度稍低于CNLS，其依然适合许多实际应用，且运行时间降至原来的1/45至1/30。

关键词： 2R-1C模型；嵌入式系统；参数估计；非迭代方法；二次型

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低成本热轧双相钢焊接性能研究

董瑞峰,王国栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第2期页码 53-57

摘要：

研究了DP590 低成本热轧双相钢采用合适的焊丝、焊剂及合理的焊接工艺后，钢板焊接接头的拉伸性能、冲击韧性及硬度的变化情况。证明了实验钢具有优良的抗软化能力和冷弯成型性能且淬硬倾向不明显。实验表明，开发的DP590 低成本热轧双相钢焊接性能优良，适于焊接制造汽车车轮、横梁、纵梁等构件。

关键词：低成本双相钢焊接性能

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面向5G n260应用的低成本基片集成空腔波导高次模背腔缝隙天线阵

齐紫航1,2,3,李秀萍1,2,3,朱华1,2,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第4期页码 609-614 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000503

摘要：毫米波天线设计面临高增益、宽带、低成本等诸多挑战，在该频段基片集成波导（Substrate Integrated Waveguide，SIW）由于其辐射损耗低和易集成的优势而被广泛应用。然而在毫米波频段SIW的介质损耗直接降低了天线辐射效率，若采用低损耗介质材料会导致较高的制造成本。基片集成空腔波导（Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide，ESIW）结构通过去除SIW中介质，可实现电磁波低损耗传输，在毫米波频段具有广阔应用前景。本文面向5G n260频段应用，提出一款采用低成本FR-4 PCB板材设计的缝隙天线阵。天线采用基片集成空腔波导结构设计，消除了介质损耗，并引入高次模腔体结构，减小馈电网络复杂度，在保证天线性能前提下，实现了毫米波天线低成本制造，为低成本毫米波天线设计提供了技术参考。天线由5层FR-4 PCB板组成，从顶层往下依次为缝隙辐射层、高次模腔体层、耦合缝隙层、功分馈电网络层以及同轴馈电层。天线底部由2.4 mm同轴馈电，通过ESIW功分馈电网络，缝隙耦合激励4×4个腔体中的TE340模式，每个TE340模式的腔体通过顶层的3×4个缝隙辐射，形成12×16的缝隙阵列。每层PCB板都将ESIW部分的介质去除并进行内壁覆铜处理，加工完成的PCB板通过周围的定位孔用螺钉组装。给出了测试S参数与仿真S参数以及测试增益与仿真增益的对比结果。S参数−8 dB带宽可覆盖n260的37–40 GHz频率范围。测试的最大实际增益为27 dBi，通过与仿真的方向性系数对比，可估计得到天线辐射效率约为72.4%。从天线在37、38、39、40 GHz处的辐射方向图看，测试的方向图与仿真结果具有很好一致性。

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标题作者时间类型操作

Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

期刊论文

A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

期刊论文

Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

期刊论文

高强度纤维的低成本化开发新路