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The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic

Andrew LOCKLEY, Ted von HIPPEL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0102-8

摘要： Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is at pilot scale. Air cooling and liquefaction stores energy; reheating revaporises the air at pressure, powering a turbine or engine (Ameel et al., 2013). Liquefaction requires water & CO removal, preventing ice fouling. This paper proposes subsequent geological storage of this CO – offering a novel Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) by-product, for the energy storage industry. It additionally assesses the scale constraint and economic opportunity offered by implementing this CDR approach. Similarly, established Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) uses air compression and subsequent expansion. CAES could also add CO scrubbing and subsequent storage, at extra cost. CAES stores fewer joules per kilogram of air than LAES – potentially scrubbing more CO per joule stored. Operational LAES/CAES technologies cannot offer full-scale CDR this century (Stocker et al., 2014), yet they could offer around 4% of projected CO disposals for LAES and<25% for current-technology CAES. LAES CDR could reach trillion-dollar scale this century (20 billion USD/year, to first order). A larger, less certain commercial CDR opportunity exists for modified conventional CAES, due to additional equipment requirements. CDR may be commercially critical for LAES/CAES usage growth, and the necessary infrastructure may influence plant scaling and placement. A suggested design for low-pressure CAES theoretically offers global-scale CDR potential within a century (ignoring siting constraints) – but this must be costed against competing CDR and energy storage technologies.

关键词： carbon dioxide removal Liquid Air Energy Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage geoengineering

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Theoretical analysis and actual experimental research on static characteristics of suspendome structure

CHEN Zhihua, YAN Xiangyu, SUN Ruirui, FENG Zhenchang, QIN Yali, ZHAO Jianbo

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 286-292 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0037-8

摘要： The suspendome used as the roof of the VIP hall in Tianjin Museum was analyzed by ANASYS under the assumptions of hinged joints and rigid joints in up chord, respectively, and the results show that the member force and nodal displacement under the two assumptions have little difference. Thus, it is attained that the suspendome can be analyzed with the assumption of hinged joints. A full-scale test on the suspendome with half-cable and half-pipe was carried out. The loading system, arrangement of measuring points, and the test procedures are introduced. Also, a test on steel wire ropes for elastic module was carried out. The experimental and theoretical values of member forces and nodal displacements were compared and it showed that they accord well with each other under low-level load. While under high-level load, the experimental value was bigger than the theoretical value due to the influence of the test environment. With the increase of the load, tension of outside cables and looseness of inside cables occurred, which indicated that the prestressing value in inside cables should be properly assigned. Both the experimental and theoretical results verify that the suspendome has a wide application prospect with the advantages of perfect mechanical characteristics, low steel consumption, convenient construction and low cost.

关键词： Tianjin influence displacement high-level low-level

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High-level expression of recombinant IgG1 by CHO K1 platform

Ningning Xu, Jianfa Ou, Al-Karim (Al) Gilani, Lufang Zhou, Margaret Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 376-380 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1531-5

摘要： The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO K1) cell was used to express a targeted anti-cancer monoclonal antibody by optimizing the platform of the construction of production cell line in this study. The adherent CHO K1 was first adapted to suspension culture in chemical defined medium. Then the glutamine synthetase (GS) vector was applied to construct a single plasmid to overexpress a monoclonal antibody IgG1. Post transfection, the production of cell pool was optimized by glutamine-free selection and amplification using various concentrations of methionine sulfoximine. The best cell pool of CHO K1/IgG1 was used to screen the top single clone using the limiting dilution cloning. Finally, a high IgG1 production of 780 mg/L was obtained from a batch culture. This study demonstrated that the construction of high producing cell line, from gene to clone, could be completed within six month and the gene amplification improved protein production greatly.

关键词： Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) monoclonal antibody IgG1 amplification cell line development

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先进超超临界空冷汽轮发电机组高位布置技术及工程应用

王树民,张翼,徐陆,李延兵,顾永正,卓华,孙锐,张满平,姜士宏, 刘建海,李红星

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 147-159 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.012

摘要：

提高燃煤发电机组效率是实现节能降碳的直接手段，700 ℃超超临界发电的工程应用受制于高温合金材料价格成本阻碍，有必要探索新布置、新结构、缩短高温蒸汽管道以降低工程造价。本文以锦界电厂三期为例，介绍了超超临界空冷汽轮发电机组高位布置技术取得的工程化创新实践。该工程实践表明，锦界电厂三期作为世界首例高位布置示范工程，主厂房采用钢筋混凝土框架‒剪力墙结构，可有效降低整体重心、提高抗震性能，通过技术攻关有效保障主厂房结构、高温蒸汽管道和汽轮发电机组的安全性；与常规布置（运转层12.6~17 m标高）相比，高位布置（运转层65 m标高）主蒸汽、再热蒸汽管道分别可节省材料约34.2%、20.9%，空冷岛排汽管道可节省的材料达93%，还可以较设计值节省供电煤耗4.5~5.1 g/(kW·h)，整体技术经济性显著提高；此外，项目投产后的运行监测数据显示，主厂房结构实时在线监测系统各参数均在安全阈值范围内，厂房结构、关键设备均处于安全状态。研究建议，加快发展清洁高效燃煤发电技术，统筹协调我国富煤缺水“三北”地区清洁高效先进空冷煤电机组应用高位布置技术，为未来700 ℃超超临界煤电机组建设节约高温蒸汽管道提供实践经验。

关键词：超超临界；先进煤电；空冷汽轮发电机组；高位布置技术；主厂房结构安全；经济性；实时在线监测

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王驹：高放废物地质处置及地下研究实验室规划进展（2019年5月15日）

王驹(院士)

2021年01月27日

关键词：核能

高放废物地质处置：进展与挑战

王驹

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 58-65

摘要：

随着我国核能事业的飞速发展，高水平放射性废物的处理和处置，即将成为一个重大的安全和环保问题。在介绍国内外进展的基础上，重点讨论了高放废物地质处置面临的挑战：处置库场址地质演化的精确预测、深部地质环境特征、多场耦合条件下(中(高)温、应力作用、水力作用、化学作用、生物作用和辐射作用等)深部岩体、地下水和工程材料的行为、低浓度超铀放射性核素的地球化学行为与随地下水迁移行为及处置系统的安全评价。

关键词：高放废物地质处置地下实验室科学挑战

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用于微光摄像的高灵敏度电子轰击电荷耦器件

周立伟,刘广荣,高稚允,王仲春

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 56-62

摘要：

文章综述微光成像的电子轰击电荷耦合器件（EBCCD）的进展。EBCCD是将像管的荧光屏以对电子灵敏的背照明、减薄CCD代替，将电子图像直接转变为视频信号，其在所有光照等级下，特别是在极低微光下的调制传递函数（MTF）、分辨力、信噪比、余辉等均优于像增强器耦合CCD（ICCD）。文中较为详细地叙述了倒像式EBCCD设计与减薄工艺，给出各种类型倒像式EBCCD像管的技术参数，分析和比较了近贴式与倒像式EBCCD与ICCD的性能，指出了EBCCD在军用夜视技术与民用技术未来发展中的地位与重要性。

关键词：微光成像电荷耦合器件电子轰击CCD

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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

Sevket U. YURUKER, Michael C. FISH, Zhi YANG, Nicholas BALDASARO, Philip BARLETTA, Avram BAR-COHEN, Bao YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 109-120 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0540-8

摘要： The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodology for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermoelectric element’s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a “heat flux vs. temperature difference” Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduction while removing a particular heat flux. This methodology also provides the possible system level Δ ’s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study was performed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management optimization high flux electronics

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Lignin-based polymer with high phenolic hydroxyl group content prepared by the alkyl chain bridging method

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期页码 1075-1084 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2272-x

摘要： Inspired by the importance of the phenolic group to the electron transporting property of hole transport materials, phenolic hydroxyl groups were introduced in lignosulfonate (LS) via the alkyl chain bridging method to prepare phenolated-lignosulfonate (PLS). The results showed that the phenolic group was boosted from 0.81 mmol∙g^–1 of LS to 1.19 mmol∙g^–1 of PLS. The electrochemical property results showed two oxidation peaks in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve of PLS, and the oxidation potential of the PLS-modified electrode decreased by 0.5 eV compared with that of LS. This result indicates that PLS is more easily oxidized than LS. Based on the excellent electron transporting property of PLS, PLS was applied as a dopant in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, called PEDOT:PLSs). PLS showed excellent dispersion properties for PEDOT. Moreover, the transmittance measurement results showed that the transmittance of PEDOT:PLSs exceeded 85% in the range of 300–800 nm. The CV results showed that the energy levels of PEDOT:PLSs could be flexibly adjusted by PLS amounts. The results indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin can be easily boosted by the alkyl chain bridging method, and phenolated lignin-based polymers may have promising potential as dopants of PEDOT to produce hole transporting materials for different organic photovoltaic devices.

关键词： lignosulfonate phenolic group PEDOT:PLS hole extract layer energy level

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Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 114-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0267-5

摘要： The accurate and efficient simulation of random heterogeneous media is important in the framework of modeling and design of complex materials across multiple length scales. It is usually assumed that the morphology of a random microstructure can be described as a non-Gaussian random field that is completely defined by its multivariate distribution. A particular kind of non-Gaussian random fields with great practical importance is that of translation fields resulting from a simple memory-less transformation of an underlying Gaussian field with known second-order statistics. This paper provides a critical examination of existing random field models of heterogeneous two-phase media with emphasis on level-cut random fields which are a special case of translation fields. The case of random level sets, often used to represent the geometry of physical systems, is also examined. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the basic features of the different approaches.

关键词： microstructure random fields level sets shape recovery two-phase media

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The effect of sea level rise on beach morphology of caspian sea coast

M. A. Lashteh NESHAEI, F. GHANBARPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 369-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0398-6

摘要： Study of beach morphology has been one of the most important issues in coastal engineering research projects. Because of the existence of two important coastal areas located in the north and south parts of the Iran, in the present study an analysis of the coastal zone behaviour is made. Bed level elevations are measured and compared with the theoretical equilibrium profile. It is shown that the behaviour of the coastal zone in the region is consistent with the Dean (1991) equilibrium profile. In the next stage, following extensive investigations, the bed level changes due to arise in sea level at different locations in the surf zone are estimated. The mechanism of beach re-treatment due to a rise in sea level is considered based on the simplified model of Dean (1991) in which the mass balance of the sediments is taken into account. Comparison of the equilibrium profiles for different cases of sea level rise, clearly shows that because of the sediment transport induced by the fluctuation of the water level, the beach profile in the surf zone changes accordingly resulting in an erosion in the inner region of the surf zone and an accumulation of sediments towards the offshore.

关键词： wave coastal zone beach morphology evolution equilibrium profile sea level rise

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Level set band method: A combination of density-based and level set methods for the topology optimization

Peng WEI, Wenwen WANG, Yang YANG, Michael Yu WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 390-405 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0588-0

摘要： The level set method (LSM), which is transplanted from the computer graphics field, has been successfully introduced into the structural topology optimization field for about two decades, but it still has not been widely applied to practical engineering problems as density-based methods do. One of the reasons is that it acts as a boundary evolution algorithm, which is not as flexible as density-based methods at controlling topology changes. In this study, a level set band method is proposed to overcome this drawback in handling topology changes in the level set framework. This scheme is proposed to improve the continuity of objective and constraint functions by incorporating one parameter, namely, level set band, to seamlessly combine LSM and density-based method to utilize their advantages. The proposed method demonstrates a flexible topology change by applying a certain size of the level set band and can converge to a clear boundary representation methodology. The method is easy to implement for improving existing LSMs and does not require the introduction of penalization or filtering factors that are prone to numerical issues. Several 2D and 3D numerical examples of compliance minimization problems are studied to illustrate the effects of the proposed method.

关键词： level set method topology optimization density-based method level set band

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钢塔节段水平预拼装关键技术研究

张永利,顾碧峰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 48-52

摘要：

通过对泰州长江公路大桥钢塔柱预拼装方案的选择和关键工艺的研究，提出结构形式复杂的钢塔节段预拼装工艺选择原则。在研究了钢塔节段预拼环境的影响、支撑条件、金属接触率等水平预拼装关键工艺控制项点后，成功地解决了泰州桥钢塔节段水平预拼装中的技术难题。钢塔节段水平预拼装填补了我国钢塔制造的技术空白，为后续复杂钢塔节段水平预拼装方案选择提供了有力基础。

关键词：钢塔水平预拼装支撑控制水平力施加

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Two-level uncapacitated lot-sizing problem considering the financing cost of working capital requirement

Yuan BIAN, David LEMOINE, Thomas G. YEUNG, Nathalie BOSTEL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 248-258 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0069-5

摘要： During financial crisis, companies constantly need free cash flows to efficiently react to any uncertainty, thus ensuring solvency. Working capital requirement (WCR) has been recognized as a key factor for releasing tied up cash in companies. However, in literatures related to lot-sizing problem, WCR has only been studied in the single-level supply chain context. In this paper, we initially adopt WCR model for a multi-level case. A two-level (supplier–customer) model is established on the basis of the classic multi-level lot-sizing model integrated with WCR financing cost. To tackle this problem, we propose sequential and centralized approaches to solve the two-level case with a serial chain structure. The ZIO (Zero Inventory Ordering) property is further confirmed valid in both cases. This property allows us to establish a dynamic programming-based algorithm, which solves the problem in O(T ). Finally, numerical tests show differences in optimal plans obtained by both approaches and the influence of varying delays in payment on the WCR of both actors.

关键词： two-level ULS problem lot-sizing working capital requirement ZIO property infinite production capacity

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Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 551-565 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0279-8

摘要： Predicting demand for bike share systems (BSSs) is critical for both the management of an existing BSS and the planning for a new BSS. While researchers have mainly focused on improving prediction accuracy and analysing demand-influencing factors, there are few studies examining the inherent randomness of stations’ observed demands and to what degree the demands at individual stations are predictable. Using Divvy bike-share one-year data from Chicago, USA, we measured demand entropy and quantified the station-level predictability. Additionally, to verify that these predictability measures could represent the performance of prediction models, we implemented two commonly used demand prediction models to compare the empirical prediction accuracy with the calculated entropy and predictability. Furthermore, we explored how city- and system-specific temporally-constant features would impact entropy and predictability to inform estimating these measures when historical demand data are unavailable. Our results show that entropy of demands across stations is polarized as some stations exhibit high uncertainty (a low entropy of 0.65) and others have almost no check-out demand uncertainty (a high entropy of around 1.0). We also validated that the entropy and predictability are a priori model-free indicators for prediction error, given a sequence of bike usage demands. Lastly, we identified that key factors contributing to station-level entropy and predictability include per capita income, spatial eccentricity, and the number of parking lots near the station. Findings from this study provide more fundamental understanding of BSS demand prediction, which can help decision makers and system operators anticipate diverse station-level prediction errors from their prediction models both for existing stations and for new ones.

关键词： bike share systems demand prediction prediction errors machine learning entropy