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Special issue: innovative nuclear energy technology

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 791-792 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0794-4

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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

摘要： Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: these are based on, among the other things, long lasting research and operational experience in the area of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR). Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA and a basis for the design of reactors. An incomplete vision for those technologies during the last few years is as follows: Progress in fundamentals was stagnant, namely in those countries where the WCNR were designed. Weaknesses became evident, noticeably in relation to nuclear fuel under high burn-up. Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) techniques were perfected and available for application. Electronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomes more and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA). The time delay between technological discoveries and applications was becoming longer. The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context. Key conclusion is that regulations need suitable modification, rather than lowering the importance and the role of LBLOCA. Moreover, strengths of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and containment need a tight link.

关键词： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis for design of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR)

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让核技术为国家可持续发展再创辉煌

杜祥琬

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第1期页码 9-11

摘要：

概述了对核科学技术发展及应用方向的认识，包括核技术与能源、核技术与医疗卫生、核分析技术、核辐射技术、宇航与航海核动力等5个方面，讨论了它们对国家可持续发展的意义。概括了核科学技术发展的三部曲及发展前景。

关键词：核科学核技术核工程可持续发展

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Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 479-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0425-7

摘要： In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the maintenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of –2.16% to 5.23% and –2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and maintenance optimization methods for nuclear power units.

关键词： nuclear power units in service reliability reliability prediction equivalent availability factors

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中法关于核能与环境的联合研究 Feature Article

赵宪庚, 叶其蓁, Sébastien Candel, Dominique Vignon, Robert Guillaumont

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 159-172 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.011

摘要：

本文聚焦核能的环境影响问题，将解决如下核能发电相关的主要环境问题：①控制正常运行条件下核设施的放射性排放，评估其非放射性环境影响（取水与非放射性水的排放）；②乏燃料与放射性废物的长期管理，主要是通过地质处置库处理的乏燃料或放射性废物；③防止和缓解严重核事故以及核事故的放射性释放；④改善核安全水平，以限制核能的环境影响，提升公众的核能接受度。核能的温室气体排放水平非常低，可以根据需求供应大规模、可调度电力，在此方面核能具有独特的优势。在正常运行工况下，核电站每年释放到周围公众的有效辐射剂量可以忽略不计。国际社会已经开展了大量的努力，以确定可持续管理地质处置条件下高放长寿命放射性废物的方法。过去几次严重核事故中获得的经验为核能生产相关的安全问题提供了经验，也促成了重要的安全改进，其中包括反应堆的设计和运行管理方面的改善以及事故管理指导方针的制定等。事实证明，这些经验是非常宝贵的。严重事故的环境风险已经被大幅降低，相关的规约也已经建立起来，以最大限度地减少严重核事故条件下放射性物质的释放，并避免大规模的人员疏散。还需要继续采取措施，改善反应堆的安全性，提升核工业与核监管机构的透明度，以进一步降低核能的环境影响。

关键词：核能环境影响放射性废物管理严重核事故核安全

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中国核电的可持续发展

赵仁恺

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 33-41

摘要：

文章阐述了核能是可持续发展的能源，是我国未来国民经济发展的重要支柱的论点，分析了国际核电发展现状，我国核电发展的方针政策、技术路线、现状以及共同关心的几个问题：铀资源问题、核安全问题、核废料问题和核电国产化问题，展望了我国核电发展的前景，并提出了建议：我国核电站应以现有压水堆核电站为基础，实现国产化、标准化、系列化；快中子增殖堆在我国核电建设中占有十分重要的地位，应大力支持、促进；尽快开始乏燃料后处理厂及其配套设施的建设。

关键词：核能铀资源核安全核废料国产化

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Oocyte-associated transcription factors in reprogramming after somatic cell nuclear transfer: a review

Fengxia YIN,Hui LIU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 104-113 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014003

摘要： Oocytes are unique cells with the inherent capability to reprogram nuclei. The reprogramming of the somatic nucleus from its original cellular state to a totipotent state is essential for term development after somatic cell nuclear transfer. The nuclear-associated factors contained within oocytes are critical for normal fertilization by sperm or for somatic cell nuclear reprogramming. The chromatin of somatic nuclei can be reprogrammed by factors in the egg cytoplasm whose natural function is to reprogram sperm chromatin. The oocyte first obtains its reprogramming capability in the early fetal follicle, and then its capacity is enriched in the late growth phase and reaches its highest capability for reprogramming as fully-grown germinal vesicle oocytes. The cytoplasmic milieu most likely contains all of the specific transcription and/or reprogramming factors necessary for cellular reprogramming. Certain transcription factors in the cytoplast may be critical as has been demonstrated for induced pluripotent stem cells. The maternal pronucleus exerts a predominant, transcription-dependent effect on embryo cytofragmentation, with a lesser effect imposed by the ooplasm and the paternal pronucleus. With deep analysis of transcriptomics in oocytes and early developmental stage embryos more maternal transcription factors inducing cellular reprogramming will be identified.

关键词： nuclear reprogramming somatic cell transcription factors transcriptomics

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Development and application of a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion in the emergency response of nuclear

CHI Bing, LI Hong, FANG Dong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 195-201 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0025-7

摘要： Plume concentration prediction is one of the main contents of radioactive consequence assessment for early emergency response to nuclear accidents. Random characteristics of atmospheric diffusion itself was described, a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion (Random Walk) was introduced and compared with the Lagrangian puff model (RIMPUFF) in the nuclear emergency decision support system (RODOS) developed by the European Community for verification. The results show the concentrations calculated by the two models are quite close except that the plume area calculated by Random Walk is a little smaller than that by RIMPUFF. The random walk model for atmospheric diffusion can simulate the atmospheric diffusion in case of nuclear accidents, and provide more actual information for early emergency and consequence assessment as one of the atmospheric diffusion module of the nuclear emergency decision support system.

关键词： RODOS concentration prediction information nuclear RIMPUFF

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我国核安全技术发展战略研究

彭述明,夏佳文,王毅韧,彭现科,黄洪文,郑春,丁文杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 113-119 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.017

摘要：

核安全是国家安全体系的重要组成部分，是发展核事业的前提、基础和生命线。先进可靠的核安全技术是保持并提高本质安全的基石，开展核安全技术战略研究对于建设核科技强国意义重大。本文采用“总 – 分 – 凝 – 综”的思路，通过院士访谈、实地调研、会议研讨、资料调研等多种途径，对我国核安全技术体系展开深入研究。结果表明：在总体国家安全观和核安全观的指引下，近年来我国核安全技术进展明显，核安全业绩良好；但也面临核安全标准体系建设有待深化、核安全软件研发统筹不足、核安全高精尖装备受制于人等瓶颈问题。为持续推进核安全治理体系与治理能力现代化，实现核大国向核强国的历史性跨越，建议进一步完善核安全标准体系；统筹资源、集中攻关，推进自主化核安全软件高质量发展；强化“政、产、学、研、用”结合，解决高端核安全装备“卡脖子”问题。

关键词：核安全技术标准体系核安全软件核安全装备

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Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

Lei HUANG, Jun BI, Bing ZHANG, Fengying LI, Changsheng QU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 73-81 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0151-z

摘要： A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.

关键词： nuclear power risk perception public involvement covariance structure analysis China

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Inhibition of the nuclear export of p65 and IQCG in leukemogenesis by NUP98-IQCG

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 410-419 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0489-0

摘要：

NUP98 fuses with approximately 34 different partner genes via translocation in hematological malignancies. Transgenic or retrovirus-mediated bone marrow transplanted mouse models reveal the leukemogenesis of some NUP98-related fusion genes. We previously reported the fusion protein NUP98-IQ motif containing G (IQCG) in a myeloid/T lymphoid bi-phenoleukemia patient with t(3;11) and confirmed its leukemogenic ability. Herein, we demonstrated the association of NUP98-IQCG with CRM1, and found that NUP98-IQCG expression inhibits the CRM1-mediated nuclear export of p65 and enhances the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB. Moreover, IQCG could be entrapped in the nucleus by NUP98-IQCG, and the fusion protein interacts with calmodulin via the IQ motif in a calcium-independent manner. Therefore, the inhibition of nuclear exports of p65 and IQCG might contribute to the leukemogenesis of NUP98-IQCG.

关键词： NUP98-IQCG nuclear export NF-κB CRM1

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致力项目开发点燃发展引擎——多种核能与核技术新项目开发概要

毛晓明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第8期页码 14-16

摘要：

作为中国核工程开发海外市场的旗舰，中原对外工程有限公司将项目开发作为发展引擎，在百万千瓦级核电项目开发、研究性核反应堆项目开发、多功能医院中子照射器开发研究及多用途模块式小型反应堆项目开发工作中不懈努力，为和平利用核能、核技术做出贡献。

关键词：百万千瓦级核电项目研究性核反应堆医院中子照射器模块式小型反应堆

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核电站核安全相关结构基于性能指标的抗震概率设计评估方法探究

陈矛,卢实

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 57-61

摘要：

本文介绍了美国核电站基于性能指标的核安全相关抗震概率设计方法（performance-based method，PBM）的发展，较为系统地对PBM方法进行了阐述和讨论。在目前的研究成果和现有的规范标准归纳和总结的基础上，阐明了PBM的主要内容，其中包括：根据不同的性能要求对系统、结构和部件进行分级；确定系统、结构或部件的性能要求指标；确定基于概率地震危害性评价（PSHA）的地震动输入；系统、结构或部件概率极限值（fragility）计算；保证系统、结构或部件概率极限值有足够的裕度，以达到规定的性能指标5个方面。对PBM的进一步研究和发展提出了建议。

关键词：核电厂核安全系统、结构及部件基于性能抗震概率极限值

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Reactivity of triacetone triperoxide and diacetone diperoxide: Insights from nuclear Fukui function

Matthew J. SWADLEY, Panpan ZHOU, Tonglei LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 114-123 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1507-5

摘要： Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is more sensitive than diacetone diperoxide (DADP) in the solid-state explosion. To explain this reactivity difference, we analyzed the electronic structures and properties of the crystals of both compounds by using method to calculate the structures of their individual molecules as well as their lattice structures and particularly calculating Nuclear Fukui function to gain insight into the sensitivity of the initial, rate-determining step of their decomposition. Our results indicate that TATP and DADP crystal structures exhibit significantly different electronic properties. Most notably, the electronic structure of the TATP crystal shows asymmetry among its reactive oxygen atoms as supported by magnitudes of their nuclear Fukui functions. The greater explosion sensitivity of crystalline TATP may be attributed to the properties of its electronic structure. The electronic calculations provided valuable insight into the decomposition sensitivity difference between TATP and DADP crystals.

关键词： nuclear Fukui function electronic perturbation Hellmann-Feynman force organic crystals unimolecular decomposition

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Strategic position and development prospects of nuclear energy in China

SHEN Wenquan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0015-9

摘要： By analyzing the challenges of China s energy supply, an excellent perspective of nuclear power development in the country has been described. Taking into account the near-, mid-, and long-term development requirements, a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable nuclear power program is proposed. Thus, our national nuclear industry can not only catch up with the world s advanced level in proper time, but also possess enough stamina for sustainability.

关键词： development excellent perspective long-term development comprehensive national