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美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛（DRC） 1

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Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

Lei LIU, Xiaoming MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 243-254 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0276-0

摘要： The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development. This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years, China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of labor-intensive industries, which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated. Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making, lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward, including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders, a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.

关键词： integrated river basin management (IRBM) model Longgang River basin Shenzhen decentralization stakeholder participation

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Control concept and countermeasures for shallow lakes' eutrophication in China

JIN Xiangcan, LU Shaoyong, HU Xiaozhen, JIANG Xia, WU Fengchang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 257-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0063-3

摘要： Research on lake eutrophication in China began in the early 1970s, and many lakes in China are now known to be in meso-eutrophic status. Lake eutrophication has been showing a rapidly increasing trend since 2000. Investigations show that the main reasons for lake eutrophication include a fragile lake background environment, excessive nutrient loading into lakes, excessive human activities, ecological degeneration, weak environmental protection awareness, and lax lake management. Major mechanisms resulting from lake eutrophication include nutrient recycling imbalance, major changes in water chemistry (pH, oxygen, and carbon), lake ecosystem imbalance, and algal prevalence in lakes. Some concepts for controlling eutrophication should be persistently proposed, including lake catchment control, combination of pollutant source control with ecological restoration, protection of three important aspects (terrestrial ecology, lake coast zone, and submerged plant), and combination of lake management with regulation. Measures to control lake eutrophication should include pollution source control (i.e., optimize industrial structural adjustments in the lake catchment, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emission amounts, and control endogenous pollution) and lake ecological restoration (i.e. establish a zone-lake buffer region and lakeside zone, protect regional vegetation, utilize hydrophytes in renovation technology); countermeasures for lake management should include implementing water quality management, identifying environmental and lake water goals, legislating and formulating laws and regulations to protect lakes, strengthening publicity and the education of people, increasing public awareness through participation in systems and mechanic innovations, establishing lake region management institutions, and ensuring implementation of governance and management measures.

关键词： excessive participation prevalence lakeside Research

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Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Gerba LETA, Steffen SCHULZ, Girum GETACHEW ALEMU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 427-439 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020331

摘要：

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM ), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia Farmer Field School Farmer Research and Extension Group governance institutionalization ISFM⁺ ambassador participation

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工程监理委托代理关系中激励约束与参与约束的研究

秦旋

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第4期页码 45-49

摘要：

基于委托－代理理论对工程监理委托－代理关系中的激励约束与参与约束进行若干拓展研究，与参与约束（IR）相比，激励相容约束（IC）更为重要，一个机制不满足激励约束，那将是一个无效机制。业主想要提高工程监理制度的运作效率，就必须通过相应的激励措施诱使工程师努力工作，使“道德风险”得以抑制，为我国工程监理制度的健康发展提供了有益的启示。

关键词：工程监理业主工程师委托代理激励相容约束参与约束

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“一带一路”工程科技人文交流的基本内涵与企业参与现状

姚威 ,胡顺顺 ,牛丰

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第4期页码 111-117 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.017

摘要：

工程科技人文交流是人类改造或创造事物过程中不同科技知识和价值观等思想内容的交流过程，其目的是减少或消除不同国家间工程科技思想隔阂，增进民心相通，确保工程项目的顺利实施。本文从工程科技人文交流的内涵以及企业参与工程科技人文交流的重要意义出发，研究“一带一路”重点建设企业的工程科技人文交流现状，剖析企业参与工程科技人文交流存在的问题，进而对我国企业深度参与工程科技人文交流提出初步的建议。

关键词： “一带一路” 人文交流工程科技企业

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美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛的参与和崎岖地面行走的滑雪式步态 Article

王宏飞, 李诗濛, 郑元芳

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 36-45 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015006

摘要：

本文简要介绍了美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛的历史，并将关注的焦点放在了2012机器人挑战赛上。作为该挑战赛DRC-HUBO队的成员，我们为完成崎岖地面的任务提出了不同的方法，如增大脚踏板、转换成四足行走等。同时，本文还介绍了一种帮助提高仿人机器人运动稳定性的新步态——滑雪式步态。本文对该步态的稳定性进行了分析，并利用稳定度裕量从两种备选的步进顺序（爬行-1和爬行-2）中进行选择。接下来，本文对滑雪式步态中冗余的闭链系统进行力/力矩分析，通过最小化总耗能量来确定关节力矩。根据稳定性分析和力/力矩分析，我们设计了一种手杖长度，使其可以支撑HUBO2仿人机器人平台稳定地实现爬行-2步态。最后，通过将本文的试验结果和两足步行进行对比，验证了滑雪式步态的可行性。同时，介绍了我队在该机器人挑战赛上的表现。

关键词：仿人机器人美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛（DRC）崎岖地面行走滑雪式步态