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Circumcision of preschool boys in Baghdad, Iraq: prevalence, current practice and complications

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 122-125 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0242-x

摘要：

Circumcision is probably one of the most ancient surgical operations and has been performed more than any other operation. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of circumcision in preschool boys and to present an overview of the current practices and complications in Baghdad, Iraq. A statistical survey was conducted at the Central Teaching Hospital for Children in Baghdad, Iraq during the period April 2003 to October 2004. The survey consisted of structured interviews with the accompanying parents while waiting for their children’s routine appointments. A total of 4000 boys were included. 2 443 (61%) were circumcised and the prevalence of circumcision increased from 18% at 6 months of age to reach 92% at 6 years. Only 180 (7.4%) boys had a medical reason while the rest were circumcised for religious reasons. Parents were the only determinant in deciding the time and place of religious circumcision. Circumcision was performed by a doctor in 732 (30%) boys, by a nurse in 1276 (52%) and by a traditional circumciser in 435 (18%). Post-operative complications were encountered in 209 (8.5%) boys. Circumcision is an important surgical procedure that should be performed by trained medical staff in medical institutions. Circumcision performed by medical professionals caused significantly less complications.

关键词： circumcision children prevalence religious complications

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Cross-sectional prevalence and pattern of non-anaemia severe malaria among 2–10 year olds in Sokoto in

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 969-974 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0912-z

摘要： Malaria is highly prevalent in Nigeria and accounts for approximately 40% of global malaria mortality. However, most reports on severe malaria in Nigeria are from hospital-based studies without accurate information from communities; thus, malaria-related deaths in the community are left untracked. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of severe malaria in a community in Northwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2–10-year-old children in Sokoto, in August and December 2016, to determine the endemicity of malaria based on Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate (PfPR2-10) and to describe the disease pattern. Severe malaria was diagnosed according to the World Health Organisation criteria. Data were described using Stata version 15. The prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was higher than expected (2.6%), considering the endemicity pattern which was mesoendemic based on a PfPR2-10 of 34.8%. The mean age of children with severe malaria was 3.73 years, and the male–female ratio was 2:1. However, 54.0% of the patients had hyperparasitaemia. A relatively high prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was found in Wamakko. This finding suggests the need to identify and treat cases in the community using modifications of current strategies, particularly seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis.

关键词： severe malaria nigeria malaria mortality PfPR2-10 intermediate malaria transmission

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HPV prevalence and genotyping in the cervix of Chinese women

Shao-Ming WANG, Jing LI, You-Lin QIAO

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 259-263 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0095-5

摘要： The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiologic factor of cervical cancer has been firmly established, and prophylactic vaccines are now available and have been approved in many countries. Vaccination implies a promising future for cervical cancer prevention especially for countries with very limited access to screening. However, the vaccines are not accessible in mainland China at the moment, and much needs to be understood about the potential benefit when HPV vaccines are applied to Chinese women, and to make the vaccines more specific to Chinese women. This article reviews advanced multi-center, hospital/population-based studies of most recent years, and aims to draw a definitive conclusion on HPV prevalence and genotyping in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in China from the aspect of study population, geographic areas and time period.

关键词： human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping cervical cancer precancerous lesions Chinese women

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Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8

摘要：

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13 359 participants aged 15–69 years. Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5–23.9 kg/m²; overweight, 24–27.9 kg/m²; obesity,≥28 kg/m²). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8–28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2–7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9–16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10–2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66–4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.

关键词： overweight obesity undiagnosed hypertension prevalence association

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Prevalence and molecular characteristics of

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 104-112 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0593-9

摘要：

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked products in Zigong City, China. The overall occurrence of the L. monocytogenes in the ready-to-eat (RTE) shops and mutton restaurants surveyed was 16.2% (141/873). An occurrence of 13.5% was observed in RTE pork, 6.5% in RTE vegetables, and more than 24.0% in either cooked mutton or cooked haggis. Serotype 1/2b (45.4%), 1/2a (33.3%), and 1/2c (14.2%) were the predominant types. By comparing the clonal complexes (CCs) based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the L. monocytogenes from cooked foods in Zigong City and 33 listeriosis cases from different districts of China, CC87, CC9, CC8, and CC3 were showed to be prevalent in cooked products and CC87 and CC3 were the first two frequent types in the 33 clinic-source strains. All CC87 stains harbored the newly reported Listeria pathogenicity island 4 (LIPI-4) gene fragment ptsA, and all CC3 strains possessed the Listeria pathogenicity island 3 (LIPI-3) gene fragment llsX. These may increase the occurrence of the strains belonging to CC87 and CC3 in listeriosis cases in China and also underline the risk of infection owing to the consumption of the cooked products from Zigong. ST619 (serotype 1/2b) harbored both llsX and ptsA, indicating a potential hypervirulent sequence type in Zigong.

关键词： Listeria monocytogenes MLST LIPI-3 LIPI-4 RTE listeriosis

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 16-20 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0007-8

摘要： Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause one third of all deaths in China, and the number is anticipated to double by 2020. They also greatly result in disability and adjusted life year loss. The prevalence of CVD has become a new burden for China, due to an aging population, smoking, and changes in dietary habits and lifestyles. As the largest developing country, China needs to tailor her own national policies for managing CVD with full consideration of epidemiology, local needs, and affordability. Smoking cessation, increased physical activity, control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and maintenance of a “traditional Chinese” diet should be important strategies for reducing the burden of CVD in China. Health officials in China should take their responsibilities to implement educational and preventive measures seriously.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases prevalence China risk factors prevention

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Prevalence of antifolate drug resistance markers in in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 83-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0894-x

摘要： The dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) genes of Plasmodium vivax and antifolate resistance-associated genes were used for drug resistance surveillance. A total of 375 P. vivax isolates collected from different geographical locations in China in 2009–2019 were used to sequence Pvdhfr and Pvdhps. The majority of the isolates harbored a mutant type allele for Pvdhfr (94.5%) and Pvdhps (68.2%). The most predominant point mutations were S117T/N (77.7%) in Pvdhfr and A383G (66.8%) in Pvdhps. Amino acid changes were identified at nine residues in Pvdhfr. A quadruple-mutant haplotype at 57, 58, 61, and 117 was the most frequent (57.4%) among 16 distinct Pvdhfr haplotypes. Mutations in Pvdhps were detected at six codons, and the double-mutant A383G/A553G was the most prevalent (39.3%). Pvdhfr exhibited a higher mutation prevalence and greater diversity than Pvdhps in China. Most isolates from Yunnan carried multiple mutant haplotypes, while the majority of samples from temperate regions and Hainan Island harbored the wild type or single mutant type. This study indicated that the antifolate resistance levels of P. vivax parasites were different across China and molecular markers could be used to rapidly monitor drug resistance. Results provided evidence for updating national drug policy and treatment guidelines.

关键词： drug resistance antifolates molecular markers Plasmodium vivax China

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Soil selenium concentration and Kashin-Beck disease prevalence in Tibet, China

Shunjiang LI, Wei LI, Xia HU, Linsheng YANG, Ruodeng XIRAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 62-68 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0009-4

摘要： In order to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of Kashin-Back disease (KBD) and Se concentrations, natural soil samples and cultivated soil samples were collected from southeastern Tibet, China; and the soil Se concentrations were measured by atomic fluorescent spectrophotometer. It was found that the mean Se concentrations of natural soil samples in KBD areas, from the first layer to the third layer, were 0.17 mg/kg, 0.11 mg/kg, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, and in non-disease areas were 0.21 mg/kg, 0.24 mg/kg, and 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. The mean Se concentrations of cultivated soil samples were 0.10 mg/kg in KBD areas and 0.23 mg/kg in non-disease areas, respectively. Soil Se concentrations in KBD areas were lower than that in non-disease areas, and the mean concentrations of soil Se in Tibet were lower than the average of China (0.29 mg/kg). Therefore , there is a close relationship between soil Se concentrations and KBD in Tibet. More studies should be concentrated on the impacts of Se deficiency in soils and its relationship with Se concentrations in food-grain and the human body in Tibet areas.

关键词： Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) selenium (Se) soil Tibet

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Prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among public hospital employees in Shanghai, China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 100-107 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0372-9

摘要：

This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68 years was conducted through stratified cluster sampling from different classes of Shanghai hospitals in 2011. The total physical activity was evaluated using the metabolic equivalent according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among the participants, 38.5%, 32.3%, and 64.6% of the employees are inactive at work, commuting, and taking leisure time, respectively. Up to 41.8% of the men and 37.8% of the women (P = 0.012) are physically inactive. When the age and educational level are adjusted, male doctors and medical technicians show a higher percentage of physical inactivity than male workers in logistics (P = 0.001). Among females, employees who are working in second- and third-class hospitals show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than those who are working in community health care centers. Logistic regression analyses show that the odds ratios (ORs) of leisure-time physical inactivity associated with the intensity of physical activity at work are 2.259, 2.897, and 4.266 for men (P<0.001) and 2.456, 3.259, and 3.587 for women (P<0.001), respectively. The time during commuting activities is significantly associated with leisure-time physical inactivity in either sex (OR= 2.116 for men and 2.173 for women, P<0.001). Hospital employees, particularly doctors and medical technicians, show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than other inhabitants in Shanghai. The time and intensity of activity at work and commuting are associated with leisure-time activities.

关键词： prevalence determination employee public hospital cross-sectional study physical inactivity

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Prevalence and causes of air pollution and lung cancer in Xuanwei City and Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 217-220 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0192-8

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Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in manured agricultural soils in northern China

Nan Wu, Weiyu Zhang, Shiyu Xie, Ming Zeng, Haixue Liu, Jinghui Yang, Xinyuan Liu, Fan Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1180-x

摘要： Manure application increased the abundances of ARGs and MGEs in agricultural soils. Five classes of ARGs and two MGEs were prevalent in manured and unfertilized soils. Genera Pseudomonas and Bacteroidetes might be the dominant hosts of intI1 and ermF. The abundances of ARGs positively correlated with TC, TN, OM, Cu, Zn, Pb and MGEs. Land application of manure tends to result in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, the influence of long-term manure application on the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in agricultural soils was investigated. All the analyzed eight ARGs (tetA, tetW, tetX, sulI, sulII, ermF, aac(6’)-Ib-cr and blaTEM) and two MGEs (intI1 and Tn916/1545) were detected in both the manured and control soils, with relative abundances ranging from 10-6 to 10-2. Compared with the control soil, the relative abundances of ARGs and MGEs in manured soils were enriched 1.0–18.1 fold and 0.6–69.1 fold, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that at the phylum level, the bacteria carrying intI1 and ermF might be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, respectively. The dominant genera carrying intI1 and ermF could be Pseudomonas and Bacteroides, independent of manure application. Correlation analysis revealed that ARGs had strong links with soil physicochemical properties (TC, TN, and OM), heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) and MGEs, indicating that the profile and spread of ARGs might be driven by the combined impacts of multiple factors. In contrast, soil pH and C/N exhibited no significant relationships with ARGs. Our findings provide evidence that long-term manure application could enhance the prevalence and stimulate the propagation of antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Mobile genetic elements Soil Manure Heavy metals

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Prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hangzhou

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 182-188 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0529-4

摘要：

With the abuse of antimicrobial agents in developing countries, increasing number of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) attracted considerable public concern. A retrospective study was conducted based on 242 CRE strains from a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China to investigate prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of CRE in southeast China. Bacterial species were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined by broth microdilution method or epsilometer test. Resistant β-lactamase genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Genotypes were investigated by phylogenetic analysis. and were the most prevalent types of species, with occurrence in 71.9% and 21.9% of the strains, respectively. All strains exhibited high resistance (>70%) against β-lactam antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin but exhibited low resistance against tigecycline (0.8%) and minocycline (8.3%). A total of 123 strains harbored more than two kinds of β-lactamase genes. , , , and were the predominant genotypes, with detection rates of 60.3%, 61.6%, 43.4%, and 16.5%, respectively, and were highly identical with reference sequences in different countries, indicating potential horizontal dissemination. IMP-4 was the most frequent class B metallo-lactamases in this study. In conclusion, continuous surveillance and effective prevention should be emphasized to reduce spread of CRE.

关键词： Enterobacteriaceae carbapenem β-lactamase genes phylogenetic analysis

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乌鲁木齐市流动育龄妇女阴道炎患病现况调查

张君娴,周彦岭,刘建苏,王珊,李莉,梅桂,李琳,巴哈古丽·塔吉曼提

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 85-89

摘要：

了解乌鲁木齐市流动人口育龄妇女阴道炎感染患病现况，为今后的生殖道感染防治提供参考依据。本文采取分层-整群-抽样的方法，在乌鲁木齐市六区一县流动人口较集中的社区，由经过培训的医生对18～50 岁的流动育龄妇女进行生殖道感染问卷调查、妇科检查与实验室检查。本研究共检查106 568 名符合条件的流动妇女，其中细菌性阴道炎的患病率为16.15 %；滴虫性阴道炎的患病率为12.66 %；霉菌性阴道炎的患病率为4.52 %。3 种阴道炎的患病率为19.84 %。应根据不同民族的特点，采取一定的防治措施，降低流动育龄妇女的阴道炎患病率，特别是对文化程度为文盲或小学、职业为农民、月收入在1 500～1 599 元的对象，应加大干预的力度。

关键词：流动育龄妇女阴道炎患病现况

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 174-181 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0544-5

摘要：

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) has been recently documented. In this study, 280 girls diagnosed with ICPP and 188 normal puberty control girls of similar ages were enrolled and retrospectively studied. The ICPP group had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels than the control group. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was found between serum 25[OH]D and ICPP, and a cut-off point for serum 25[OH]D was found at 31.8 ng/ml for ICPP with and without adjusting the different confounding factors. Girls with serum 25[OH]D≥31.8 ng/ml had a lower odds ratio (unadjusted: OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.83, <0.05; height and weight adjusted: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.08, = 0.072; BMI adjusted: OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.84, <0.05). The ICPP subjects with 25[OH]D deficiency had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the subjects from the two other subgroups. Correlation analysis showed that vitamin D level is correlated with BMI and some metabolic parameters in the ICPP group. Our study suggested that vitamin D status may be associated with ICPP risk and may have a threshold effect on ICPP.

关键词： idiopathic central precocious puberty threshold effects vitamin D status

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Control concept and countermeasures for shallow lakes' eutrophication in China

JIN Xiangcan, LU Shaoyong, HU Xiaozhen, JIANG Xia, WU Fengchang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 257-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0063-3

摘要： Research on lake eutrophication in China began in the early 1970s, and many lakes in China are now known to be in meso-eutrophic status. Lake eutrophication has been showing a rapidly increasing trend since 2000. Investigations show that the main reasons for lake eutrophication include a fragile lake background environment, excessive nutrient loading into lakes, excessive human activities, ecological degeneration, weak environmental protection awareness, and lax lake management. Major mechanisms resulting from lake eutrophication include nutrient recycling imbalance, major changes in water chemistry (pH, oxygen, and carbon), lake ecosystem imbalance, and algal prevalence in lakes. Some concepts for controlling eutrophication should be persistently proposed, including lake catchment control, combination of pollutant source control with ecological restoration, protection of three important aspects (terrestrial ecology, lake coast zone, and submerged plant), and combination of lake management with regulation. Measures to control lake eutrophication should include pollution source control (i.e., optimize industrial structural adjustments in the lake catchment, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emission amounts, and control endogenous pollution) and lake ecological restoration (i.e. establish a zone-lake buffer region and lakeside zone, protect regional vegetation, utilize hydrophytes in renovation technology); countermeasures for lake management should include implementing water quality management, identifying environmental and lake water goals, legislating and formulating laws and regulations to protect lakes, strengthening publicity and the education of people, increasing public awareness through participation in systems and mechanic innovations, establishing lake region management institutions, and ensuring implementation of governance and management measures.

关键词： excessive participation prevalence lakeside Research

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标题作者时间类型操作

Circumcision of preschool boys in Baghdad, Iraq: prevalence, current practice and complications

null

期刊论文

Cross-sectional prevalence and pattern of non-anaemia severe malaria among 2–10 year olds in Sokoto in

期刊论文

HPV prevalence and genotyping in the cervix of Chinese women

Shao-Ming WANG, Jing LI, You-Lin QIAO

期刊论文

Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

null

期刊论文

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of

null

期刊论文

Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

期刊论文

Prevalence of antifolate drug resistance markers in in China

期刊论文

Soil selenium concentration and Kashin-Beck disease prevalence in Tibet, China

Shunjiang LI, Wei LI, Xia HU, Linsheng YANG, Ruodeng XIRAO

期刊论文

Prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among public hospital employees in Shanghai, China

null

期刊论文

Prevalence and causes of air pollution and lung cancer in Xuanwei City and Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province

null

期刊论文

Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in manured agricultural soils in northern China

Nan Wu, Weiyu Zhang, Shiyu Xie, Ming Zeng, Haixue Liu, Jinghui Yang, Xinyuan Liu, Fan Yang

期刊论文

Prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hangzhou

null

期刊论文

乌鲁木齐市流动育龄妇女阴道炎患病现况调查

张君娴,周彦岭,刘建苏,王珊,李莉,梅桂,李琳,巴哈古丽·塔吉曼提

期刊论文

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

null

期刊论文

Control concept and countermeasures for shallow lakes' eutrophication in China

JIN Xiangcan, LU Shaoyong, HU Xiaozhen, JIANG Xia, WU Fengchang

期刊论文

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