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Haploinsufficiency of Lipin3 leads to hypertriglyceridemia and obesity by disrupting the expression and

《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1003-0

摘要: Lipin proteins including Lipin 1–3 act as transcriptional co-activators and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase enzymes, which play crucial roles in lipid metabolism. However, little is known about the function of Lipin3 in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Here, we identified a novel mutation (NM_001301860: p.1835A>T/p.D612V) of Lipin3 in a large family with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and obesity through whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Functional studies revealed that the novel variant altered the half-life and stability of the Lipin3 protein. Hence, we generated Lipin3 heterozygous knockout (Lipin3-heKO) mice and cultured primary hepatocytes to explore the pathophysiological roles of Lipin3 in TG metabolism. We found that Lipin3-heKO mice exhibited obvious obesity, HTG, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the haploinsufficiency of Lipin3 in primary hepatocytes may induce the overexpression and abnormal distribution of Lipin1 in cytosol and nucleoplasm. The increased expression of Lipin1 in cytosol may contribute to TG anabolism, and the decreased Lipin1 in nucleoplasm can reduce PGC1α, further leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced TG catabolism. Our study suggested that Lipin3 was a novel disease-causing gene inducing obesity and HTG. We also established a relationship between Lipin3 and mitochondrial dysfunction.

关键词: Lipin3     Lipin1     hypertriglyceridemia     obesity     mitochondrial dysfunction    

New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2

摘要: Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has become an important factor threatening human health. However, no perfect drug choice for obesity exists. Semaglutide is a kind of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that promotes insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion through a glucose concentration-dependent mechanism. GLP-1 can also delay stomach emptying and suppress appetite to help lose weight. This review summarizes clinical evidence of the semaglutide effect on T2D and obesity and establishes expectations on future clinical trials for obesity treatment.

关键词: semaglutide     type 2 diabetes     obesity    

Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z

摘要:

In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.

关键词: inflammation     obesity     cytokine     energy expenditure     insulin resistance    

Early-life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns, and risk of low-energy fracture

《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1023-9

摘要: Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis, but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown. This study included 5323 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥40 years from China. Early-life famine exposure was identified based on the participants’ birth dates. General obesity was assessed using the body mass index (BMI), and abdominal obesity was evaluated with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Low-energy fracture was defined as fracture occurring after the age of 40 typically caused by falls from standing height or lower. Compared to the nonexposed group, the group with fetal, childhood, and adolescence famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of fracture in women with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 3.55 (1.57–8.05), 3.90 (1.57–9.71), and 3.53 (1.05–11.88), respectively, but not in men. Significant interactions were observed between fetal famine exposure and general obesity with fracture among women (P for interaction = 0.0008). Furthermore, compared with the groups with normal BMI and WHR, the group of women who underwent fetal famine exposure and had both general and abdominal obesity had the highest risk of fracture (OR, 95% CI: 3.32, 1.17–9.40). These results indicate that early-life famine exposure interacts with adulthood general obesity and significantly increases the risk of low-energy fracture later in life in women.

关键词: famine     obesity     body mass index     waist-to-hip ratio     low-energy fracture    

Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits

Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 601-607 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6

摘要:

The incidence of obesity has been rapidly increasing, and this condition has become a major public health threat. A substantial shift in environmental factors and lifestyle, such as unhealthy diet, is among the major driving forces of the global obesity pandemic. Longitudinal studies and randomized intervention trials have shown that genetic susceptibility to obesity may interact with dietary factors in relation to the body mass index and risk of obesity. This review summarized data from recent longitudinal studies and intervention studies on variations and diets and discussed the challenges and future prospects related to this area and public health implications.

关键词: diet     genetic susceptibility     obesity     interaction    

Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8

摘要:

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.

关键词: obesity     genetics     genome-wide association studies     body mass index     fat mass- and obesity-associated gene    

Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 372-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0862-5

摘要: Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes through the induction of insulin resistance. The mechanism of insulin resistance has been extensively investigated for more than 60 years, but the essential pathogenic signal remains missing. Existing hypotheses include inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Drug discoveries based on these hypotheses are unsuccessful in the development of new medicines. In this review, multidisciplinary literature is integrated to evaluate ATP as a primary signal for insulin resistance. The ATP production is elevated in insulin-sensitive cells under obese conditions independent of energy demand, which we have named “mitochondrial overheating.” Overheating occurs because of substrate oversupply to mitochondria, leading to extra ATP production. The ATP overproduction contributes to the systemic insulin resistance through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of AMPK, induction of mTOR, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Insulin resistance represents a feedback regulation of energy oversupply in cells to control mitochondrial overloading by substrates. Insulin resistance cuts down the substrate uptake to attenuate mitochondrial overloading. The downregulation of the mitochondrial overloading by medicines, bypass surgeries, calorie restriction, and physical exercise leads to insulin sensitization in patients. Therefore, ATP may represent the primary signal of insulin resistance in the cellular protective response to the substrate oversupply. The prevention of ATP overproduction represents a key strategy for insulin sensitization.

关键词: type 2 diabetes     energy expenditure     mitochondria     hyperinsulinemia     hyperglucagonemia     AMPK    

Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1

摘要: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.

关键词: obesity     children     adolescents     epidemiology     risk factor     prevention    

Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0387-x

Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0570-3

摘要:

In light of the rapid increase in the number of obesity incidences worldwide, obesity has become an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly in the presence or absence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. IgM and complement 3 (C3) nonspecifically deposit in lesions without immune-complex-type deposits during ORG immunofluorescence. ORG-associated glomerulomegaly and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis can superimpose on other renal pathologies. The mechanisms under ORG are complex, especially hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced functioning nephrons. These mechanisms synergize with obesity to induce end-stage renal disease. A slow increase of subnephrotic proteinuria (<3.5 g/d) is the most common clinical manifestation of ORG. Several treatment methods for ORG have been developed. Of these methods, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and weight loss are proven effective. Targeting mitochondria may offer a novel strategy for ORG therapy. Nevertheless, more research is needed to further understand ORG.

关键词: obesity-related glomerulopathy     pathogenesis     pathologic     clinical characteristics    

Postnatal feeding with high-fat diet induces obesity and precocious puberty in C57BL/6J mouse pups: anovel model of obesity and puberty

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0530-y

摘要:

Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet. The lack of a suitable animal model, however, remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies. In the current study, we provided high-fat diet (HFD) to dams during lactation and to pups after weaning. We also developed a novel model of C57BL/6J mouse pups with HFD-induced postnatal obesity. Results showed that feeding with HFD induces fat deposition and obesity in pups. Furthermore, HFD more potently increased the body weight (BW) of male than female pups. HFD-fed female pups were obese, underwent precocious puberty, and showed increased kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. However, parental obesity and precocious puberty exerted no synergistic effects on the HFD-induced postnatal weight gain and puberty onset of the pups. Interestingly, some HFD-fed litters with normal BW also exhibited precocious puberty. This finding suggested that diet composition but not BW triggers puberty onset. Our model suggests good construction validity of obesity and precocious puberty. Furthermore, our model can also be used to explore the mutual interactions between diet–induced postnatal childhood obesity and puberty.

关键词: postnatal HFD feeding     obesity     kisspeptin     HPG axis     precocious puberty    

Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 707-716 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0660-x

摘要:

Understanding obesity in children is crucial because it can lead to adulthood obesity and result in fatal chronic diseases. Distinctive factors associated with obesity in adults have been described, but distinctive factors related to children remain unclear. We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of body mass index and lifestyle habits by conducting surveys on physical, nutritional, and psychological factors, and we used annual physical examination data to compare different traits among elementary school students (n = 197) and middle school students (n = 461). Our study revealed that the computing hours in elementary school students with overweight and obesity were significantly correlated with the percentage of body mass index (r = 0.29 on school days and r = 0.35 on days off, all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found (all P>0.05) in the computing hours of middle school students with overweight and obesity. Childhood obesity can cause depression and reduce children’s quality of life because of their distorted body perception. In conclusion, physical factors directly affecting childhood obesity and psychological and environmental factors surrounding a child should be considered.

关键词: screen time     quality of life     eating habits     childhood obesity     percentage of body mass index    

Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13 359 participants aged 15–69 years. Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5–23.9 kg/m2; overweight, 24–27.9 kg/m2; obesity,≥28 kg/m2). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8–28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2–7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9–16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10–2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66–4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.

关键词: overweight     obesity     undiagnosed hypertension     prevalence     association    

Leptin signaling and leptin resistance

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 207-222 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0263-5

摘要:

Leptin is secreted into the bloodstream by adipocytes and is required for the maintenance of energy homeostasis and body weight. Leptin deficiency or genetic defects in the components of the leptin signaling pathways cause obesity. Leptin controls energy balance and body weight mainly through leptin receptor b (LEPRb)-expressing neurons in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus. These LEPRb-expressing neurons function as the first-order neurons that project to the second-order neurons located within and outside the hypothalamus, forming a neural network that controls the energy homeostasis and body weight. Multiple factors, including inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, contribute to leptin resistance. Leptin resistance is the key risk factor for obesity. This review is focused on recent advance about leptin action, leptin signaling, and leptin resistance.

关键词: leptin signaling     leptin receptor     energy balance     leptin resistance     obesity    

The mechanisms linking adiposopathy to type 2 diabetes

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 433-444 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0288-9

摘要:

Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of body fat in proportion to body size. When obesity occurs, the functions of adipose tissue may be deregulated, which is termed as adiposopathy. Adiposopathy is an independent risk factor for many diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In overweight or obese subjects with adiposopathy, hyperlipidemia exerts lipotoxicity in pancreatic islet and liver and induces pancreatic β cell dysfunction and liver insulin resistance, which are the decisive factors causing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, adipokines have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. When adiposopathy occurs, abnormal changes in the serum adipokine profile correlate with the development and progression of pancreatic β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. The current paper briefly discusses the latest findings regarding the effects of adiposopathy-related lipotoxicity and cytokine toxicity on the development of type 2 diabetes.

关键词: obesity     adiposopathy     lipotoxicity     adipokines     diabetes    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Haploinsufficiency of Lipin3 leads to hypertriglyceridemia and obesity by disrupting the expression and

期刊论文

New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation

期刊论文

Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

null

期刊论文

Early-life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns, and risk of low-energy fracture

期刊论文

Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits

Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning

期刊论文

Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

期刊论文

Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP

期刊论文

Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

期刊论文

Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications

null

期刊论文

Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment

null

期刊论文

Postnatal feeding with high-fat diet induces obesity and precocious puberty in C57BL/6J mouse pups: anovel model of obesity and puberty

null

期刊论文

Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

期刊论文

Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

null

期刊论文

Leptin signaling and leptin resistance

null

期刊论文

The mechanisms linking adiposopathy to type 2 diabetes

null

期刊论文