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Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar

Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo,Fenglin Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0921-y

摘要： Corn straw biochar prepared under 400 °C was the best Cd and Pb adsorption capacity Maximum adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb were 43.48 and 22.73 mg·g , respectively The dominant mechanism of Cd and Pb adsorption was precipitation Biochar could reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals when mixed with soil Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in water and soil could be adsorbed by biochar produced from corn straw. Biochar pyrolyzed under 400°C for 2 h could reach the ideal removal efficiencies (99.24% and 98.62% for Cd and Pb, respectively) from water with the biochar dosage of 20 g·L and initial concentration of 20 mg·L . The pH value of 4–7 was the optimal range for adsorption reaction. The adsorption mechanism was discussed on the basis of a range of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis; it was concluded as surface complexation with active sorption sites (-OH, -COO-), coordination with π electrons (C= C, C= O) and precipitation with inorganic anions (OH , CO , SO ) for both Cd and Pb. The sorption isotherms fit Langmuir model rather than Freundlich model, and the saturated sorption capacities for Cd and Pb were 38.91 mg·g and 28.99 mg·g , respectively. When mixed with soil, biochar could effectively increase alkalinity and reduce bioavailability of heavy metals. Thus, biochar derived from corn straw would be a green material for both removal of heavy metals and amelioration of soil.

关键词： Corn straw     Biochar     Heavy metals     Sorption isotherm     Bioavailability    

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Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1281-6

摘要： To develop efficient and economical direct ethanol production from fine rice straw crashed mechanically, two high-performing fungi, which can secret hyperactive cellulases and/or ferment effectively various sugars, were selected from some strains belong to preserved in our laboratory. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by coculture with these fungi was investigated. The screening of high-performing fungi resulted in the selection of NBRC 4572 as an ethanol-producing fungus and NBRC 5398 as a cellulase-secreting fungus. The strain 4572 produced ethanol aerobically from glucose and xylose in high yields of 0.420 g/g at 36 h and 0.478 g/g at 60 h, respectively, but secreted fairly low cellulases. On the other hand, the strain 5398 also produced ethanol from glucose in yield of 0.340 g/g though it had a little growth in xylose culture. However, it secreted hyperactive cellulases that are essential for hydrolysis of rice straw in culture and the maximum activities of endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase were 2.11 U/L and 1.47 U/L, respectively. In SSF of rice straw by coculture with two fungi selected, the ethanol production reached 1.28 g/L after 96 h when the inoculation ratio of the strain 5398 to the strain 4572 was 9.

关键词： Mucor circinelloides     ethanol production     cellulase secretion     SSF     coculture     rice straw    

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Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 46-52 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014004

摘要： An effectively mild solvent solution containing NaOH/PEG was employed to dissolve the cellulose extracted from the wheat straw. With further combined regeneration process and freeze-drying, the cellulose aerogel was successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were used to characterize this cellulose aerogel of low density (about 40 mg·cm ) and three-dimensional network with large specific surface area (about 101 m ·g ). Additionally, with a hydrophobic modification by trimethylchlorosilane, the cellulose aerogel showed a strong absorptive capacity for oil and dye solutions.

关键词： cellulose aerogel     absorptive capacity     waste wheat straw     freeze-drying    

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Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 282-291 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0901-5

摘要： Cellulose samples with molecular weights ranging from 8.39 × 10 to 11.00 × 10 g/mol were obtained from wheat straw. The dewaxed wheat straw was pretreated with aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by delignification using an environmentally benign poly(ethyleneglycol)/salt aqueous biphasic system. The yield of cellulose was in the range of 48.9%–55.5% and the cellulose contained 1.2%–3.2% hemicelluloses, and 0.97%–3.47% lignin. All the isolated cellulose samples could be directly dissolved in a 6 wt-% NaOH/4 wt-% urea aqueous solution through a precooling-thawing process to form a homogenous solution. The separation process was investigated and the obtained cellulose and its solution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that aqueous soluble cellulose can be directly prepared from wheat straw by this method and this study opens a novel pathway to prepare cellulosic materials from agricultural waste.

关键词： cellulose     straw     separation     aqueous solution    

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Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0026-3

摘要： Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10 W and burning 1.23×10 tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10 kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10 Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10 Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.

关键词： straw biomass resources     power generation     renewable energy     Sheyang county    

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Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104

摘要： Mulching and soil water content (SWC) have a significant impact on soil erosion, and this study investigated the effect of straw mulching on water infiltration and soil loss under different initial SWC treatments in a rainfall simulation experiment conducted in northern China. Increasing initial SWC can decrease soil infiltration and increase soil loss. During an 80 mm rainfall event (80 mm·h for 60 min), 8%, 12% and 16% initial SWC treatments decreased cumulative infiltration by 8.7%, 42.5% and 58.1%, and increased total sediment yield by 44, 146 and 315 g, respectively, compared to 4% initial SWC. However, in all the straw mulching treatments, there was no significant difference in stable infiltration rate between the different initial SWC treatments. For all initial SWC treatments, straw mulching of 30% or more significantly enhanced water infiltration by over 31% and reduced soil loss by over 49%, compared to the unmulched treatment. Taking into consideration the performance of no-till planters, a maize straw mulching rate of 30% to 60% (1400–3100 kg·hm ) is recommended for the conservation of water and soil in northern China.

关键词： infiltration     initial soil water content     rainfall simulation     soil loss     straw mulching    

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METAGENOMICS COMBINED WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS THE METHANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FRESH CORN STRAW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 403-423 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022471

摘要：

● Methane production from fresh straw was 7.50% higher than dry straw.

关键词： fresh corn straw     high solid anaerobic digestion     metagenomics     microbial communities     thermophilic    

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Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Wuren HUANG, Zhihui BAI, Daniel HOEFEL, Qing HU, Xin LV, Guoqiang ZHUANG, Shengjun XU, Hongyan QI, Hongxun ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 336-349 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0337-z

摘要： Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed - Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.

关键词： cotton straw     soil amendments     microbial diversity     Biolog     phospholipid fatty acid     16S rRNA gene clone library    

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Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

Junxing YANG,Liqun WANG,Jumei LI,Dongpu WEI,Shibao CHEN,Qingjun GUO,Yibing MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 419-428 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0674-9

摘要： Screening of cost-effective soil amendments is important to develop “ ” remediation techniques for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. In this study, different soil amendments, including red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, and acid-treated, nano-treated by nano-particle milling, nano and acid-treated red muds, zeolite, corn straw, and rape straw, were evaluated to immobilize Cd in two added levels (2 and 5 mg Cd·kg soil) in a calcareous soil by single and sequential extractions and by cucumber ( L.) pot experiments. Results indicated that cruciferous rape straw significantly decreased the concentrations of water soluble, extractable Cd in soils, and Cd in cucumber plants, and it was more effective than gramineous corn straw. Also, red mud generally decreased the extractability and bioavailability of Cd added to calcareous soils more effectively than zeolite. Furthermore, the efficiency of red mud could be increased by the treatment of nano-particle milling due to the increase in specific surface area of red mud. It is potential to use rape straw and red mud as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient “ ” remediation technology for Cd mildly contaminated calcareous soils.

关键词： red mud     rape straw     cadmium     immobilization     calcareous soil    

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and N2O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk vetch and straw

Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU,Kai ZHANG,Yadong YANG,Chen WANG,Ying JIANG,Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 59-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017137

摘要： Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) were incorporated into soil to substitute for synthetic N fertilizers and to maintain soil fertility. However, little is known about the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation on CH and N O emissions in double-rice cropping systems in southern China. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation in the early- and late-rice seasons on CH and N O emissions. All treatments received uniform N inputs, 6%–37% of which was replaced by CMV and RS crop residue. CMV and/or RS incorporation produced equivalent or slightly more grain yield, while reducing N O emissions by 3%–43%. However, both CMV and RS incorporation increased CH emissions. Annual CH emissions ranged from 321 to 614 kg·hm from CMV and RS amendment treatments, which were 1.5–2.9 times higher than that from synthetic N. Compared with single synthetic N fertilizer, incorporation of CMV and/or RS increased GWP and yield-scaled GWP by 45%–164% and 45%–153%, respectively. Our results demonstrate CMV and RS amendments replacing N fertilizer, maintained stable yield, mitigated N O emission, but enhanced CH emission. Further study is needed on crop residue management in double-cropping rice systems.

关键词： Chinese milk vetch     CH4     double-rice cropping system     grain yield     N2O     rice straw    

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农作物秸秆人造板的研究

周定国

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第10期   页码 115-121

摘要：

发展农作物秸秆人造板产业对于保护森林资源和人类环境，解决我国木材原料供应不足的矛盾具有重要的现实意义。近年来，科技人员在农作物秸秆人造板基础研究、产品开发和工业化应用方面做了大量的研究工作。文章介绍了笔者及所在团队在秸秆原料特性和秸秆板制造工艺方面的最新研究成果。

关键词： 农作物秸秆     人造板     研究前景    

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Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol

LUO Peng, YANG Chuanmin, LIU Zhong, WANG Gaosheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 447-451 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0069-1

摘要： Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) has been investigated extensively, the optimum condition for SSF of wheat straw has not yet been determined. Dilute sulfuric acid impregnated and steam explosion pretreated wheat straw was used as a substrate for the production of ethanol by SSF through orthogonal experiment design in this study. Cellulase mixture (Celluclast 1.5 l and -glucosidase Novozym 188) were adopted in combination with the yeast AS2.1. The effects of reaction temperature, substrate concentration, initial fermentation liquid pH value and enzyme loading were evaluated and the SSF conditions were optimized. The ranking, from high to low, of influential extent of the SSF affecting factors to ethanol concentration and yield was substrate concentration, enzyme loading, initial fermentation liquid pH value and reaction temperature, respectively. The optimal SSF conditions were: reaction temperature, 35°C; substrate concentration, 100 g·L; initial fermentation liquid pH, 5.0; enzyme loading, 30 FPU·g. Under these conditions, the ethanol concentration increased with reaction time, and after 72 h, ethanol was obtained in 65.8% yield with a concentration of 22.7 g·L.

关键词： optimal SSF     substrate concentration     optimum condition     enzyme loading     ethanol concentration    

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植物（秸秆）改性纤维资源化利用

罗学刚

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第6期   页码 91-94

摘要：

文章概述了植物（秸秆）纤维助膨化改性的研究状况，以及几种目前最有发展潜力的应用技术，简要介绍了植物（秸秆）纤维助膨化技术在相关领域中的最新应用进展。

关键词： 技术创新     植物纤维     秸秆     改性     资源化利用    

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Study on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded straw by using shaking ball

SUN Zhanwei, FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, WANG Yanhui, MA Runyu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 22-27 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0002-7

摘要： A novel method of enzymatic hydrolysis was developed in this paper to produce a high conversion yield and hydrolysis rate. A comparison was described by using three methods of enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of steam exploded straw (SEWS): shaking ball in the regime, shaking with stirrer bed, and static state. The most adequate filter-paper activity, speed and reaction time were 3.6 × 10 mol/(smL), 150 r/min and 24 h, respectively, with the reducing sugar yield of 0.43. The results showed that the method of shaking ball produced the highest adsorption, conversion yields and hydrolysis rate of the enzyme. This might be due to the continuous frequency increase of enzyme adsorption and desorption on the substrate surface as well as the relieved end-product inhibition. The morphological variation of SEWS was characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).

关键词： adequate filter-paper     comparison     conversion     continuous frequency     substrate    

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Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles

Juntao HUO,Xiaohui LU,Xinning WANG,Hong CHEN,Xingnan YE,Song Gao,Deborah S. Gross,Jianmin CHEN,Xin YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 244-252 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0768-z

摘要： Fresh straw burning (SB) particles were generated in the laboratory by the combustion of rice straw and corn straw. The chemical composition and mixing state of the fresh SB particles were investigated by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS). Based on the mass spectral patterns, the SB particles were clustered into four major types: Salt, Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC), and internally mixed particles of EC and OC (EC-OC). In addition, particles containing ash, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals or nicotine were also observed. Physical and chemical changes of the SB particles immediately after the emission were analyzed with highly time-resolved data. During the aging processes, the average particle size increased steadily. Freshly emitted organic compounds were gradually oxidized to more oxygenated compounds in the OC-containing particles. Meanwhile, an important displacement reaction (2KCl+ → K SO + 2Cl ) was observed. The marker ions for SB particles were optimized and applied to identify the SB particles in the ambient atmosphere. The fluctuation of the number fraction of ambient SB particles sorted by ATOFMS agrees well with that of water soluble K measured by an online ion chromatography, demonstrating that the optimized marker ions could be good tracers for SB particles in field measurements.

关键词： crop straw burning particles     mixing state     aging process     ATOFMS     ion markers    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar

Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo,Fenglin Liu

期刊论文

Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

期刊论文

Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

期刊论文

Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

期刊论文

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

期刊论文

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

期刊论文

METAGENOMICS COMBINED WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS THE METHANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FRESH CORN STRAW

期刊论文

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Wuren HUANG, Zhihui BAI, Daniel HOEFEL, Qing HU, Xin LV, Guoqiang ZHUANG, Shengjun XU, Hongyan QI, Hongxun ZHANG

期刊论文

Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

Junxing YANG,Liqun WANG,Jumei LI,Dongpu WEI,Shibao CHEN,Qingjun GUO,Yibing MA

期刊论文

and N2O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk vetch and straw

Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU,Kai ZHANG,Yadong YANG,Chen WANG,Ying JIANG,Zhaohai ZENG

期刊论文

农作物秸秆人造板的研究

周定国

期刊论文

Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol

LUO Peng, YANG Chuanmin, LIU Zhong, WANG Gaosheng

期刊论文

植物（秸秆）改性纤维资源化利用

罗学刚

期刊论文

Study on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded straw by using shaking ball

SUN Zhanwei, FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, WANG Yanhui, MA Runyu

期刊论文

Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles

Juntao HUO,Xiaohui LU,Xinning WANG,Hong CHEN,Xingnan YE,Song Gao,Deborah S. Gross,Jianmin CHEN,Xin YANG

期刊论文