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Fractal characteristic evaluation and interpolation reconstruction for surface topography of drilled

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 840-854 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0643-5

摘要： In this paper, an improved fractal interpolation model is proposed to reconstruct the surface topography of composite hole wall. This model adopts the maximum positive deviations and maximum negative deviations between the measured values and trend values to determine the contraction factors. Hole profiles in 24 directions are measured. Fractal parameters are calculated to evaluate the measured surface profiles. The maximum and minimum fractal dimension of the hole wall are 1.36 and 1.07, whereas the maximum and minimum fractal roughness are 4.05 × 10 ⁻⁵ and 4.36 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ m, respectively. Based on the two-dimensional evaluation results, three-dimensional surface topographies in five typical angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 165°) are reconstructed using the improved model. Fractal parameter D _s and statistical parameters Sa, Sq, and Sz are used to evaluate the reconstructed surfaces. Average error of D _s, Sa, Sq, and Sz between the measured surfaces and the reconstructed surfaces are 1.53%, 3.60%, 5.60%, and 9.47%, respectively. Compared with the model in published literature, the proposed model has equal reconstruction effect in relatively smooth surface and is more advanced in relatively rough surface. Comparative results prove that the proposed model for calculating contraction factors is more reasonable.

关键词： surface topography fractal evaluation fractal interpolation reconstruction composite

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Development of surface reconstruction algorithms for optical interferometric measurement

Dongxu WU, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 1-31 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0602-6

摘要： Optical interferometry is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing areal surface topography in precision manufacturing. A variety of instruments based on optical interferometry have been developed to meet the measurement needs in various applications, but the existing techniques are simply not enough to meet the ever-increasing requirements in terms of accuracy, speed, robustness, and dynamic range, especially in on-line or on-machine conditions. This paper provides an in-depth perspective of surface topography reconstruction for optical interferometric measurements. Principles, configurations, and applications of typical optical interferometers with different capabilities and limitations are presented. Theoretical background and recent advances of fringe analysis algorithms, including coherence peak sensing and phase-shifting algorithm, are summarized. The new developments in measurement accuracy and repeatability, noise resistance, self-calibration ability, and computational efficiency are discussed. This paper also presents the new challenges that optical interferometry techniques are facing in surface topography measurement. To address these challenges, advanced techniques in image stitching, on-machine measurement, intelligent sampling, parallel computing, and deep learning are explored to improve the functional performance of optical interferometry in future manufacturing metrology.

关键词： surface topography measurement optical interferometry coherence envelope phase-shifting algorithm

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Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3

摘要： The grindability of high-temperature alloy by using ceramic alumina wheels is studied on the basis of extensive analysis of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and topography of ground surfaces, residual stress, hardness distribution of surface layer, and morphology of the surface layer from a metallographic point of view. The grinding burn mechanism of high-temperature alloy is unveiled and the feasible grinding parameters to avoid burning are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained as follows. Increasing the grinding depth or the wheel velocity makes grinding temperature and residual tensile stress of the surface rise, which deteriorates the surface topography. Appropriate liner velocity of the wheel is 18–22 m/s and the depth of grinding should not exceed 0.02 mm in grinding GH2132 alloy with ceramic alumina wheels to assure the surface quality. When increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ′ in base decrease and the micro-hardness of the surface is obviously lower than that of the base material, which deteriorates the mechanical properties and heat resistance of GH2132 alloy. Results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of high-temperature alloy with high efficiency and high quality.

关键词： metallographic topography grinding GH2132 resistance decrease

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组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径 Perspective

David F. Williams

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 286-290 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.007

摘要：

组织工程通过系统结合分子信号和力学信号对特定靶细胞进行有意可控刺激以组建新的组织，通常需要借助由生物材料构建的结构传递这些信号，并对生成的组织块塑形。这些结构之前被称为支架，如今被更准确地命名为模板，其规范却难以定义，主要因为该规范必须涉及为细胞组建新组织提供适宜的微环境，以及细胞与模板材料的相互作用符合构建新型可存活组织的需求。这些特点统称为生物相容性。然而，传统生物相容性的理论和公认机制（大多通过可移植的医学装置进行实验得出）不足以解释在组织工程过程中的现象。本文作者近期在特定的基于材料、生物学的途径方面重新定义了生物相容性。本文以上述途径为前提讨论了组织工程生物相容性的机制。

关键词：生物材料支架机械力转导炎症拓扑

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Recognition of diamond grains on surface of fine diamond grinding wheel

HUO Fengwei, JIN Zhuji, KANG Renke, GUO Dongming, YANG Chun

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 325-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0071-9

摘要： The accurate evaluation of grinding wheel surface topography, which is necessary for the investigation of the grinding principle, optimism, modeling, and simulation of a grinding process, significantly depends on the accurate recognition of abrasive grains from the measured wheel surface. A detailed analysis of the grain size distribution characteristics and grain profile wavelength of the fine diamond grinding wheel used for ultra-precision grinding is presented. The requirements of the spatial sampling interval and sampling area for instruments to measure the surface topography of a diamond grinding wheel are discussed. To recognize diamond grains, digital filtering is used to eliminate the high frequency disturbance from the measured 3D digital surface of the grinding wheel, the geometric features of diamond grains are then extracted from the filtered 3D digital surface, and a method based on the grain profile frequency characteristics, diamond grain curvature, and distance between two adjacent diamond grains is proposed. A 3D surface profiler based on scanning white light interferometry is used to measure the 3D surface topography of a #3000 mesh resin bonded diamond grinding wheel, and the diamond grains are then recognized from the 3D digital surface. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.

关键词： topography frequency disturbance filtering analysis wavelength

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Relative vibration identification of cutter and workpiece based on improved bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

Jiasheng LI, Xingzhan LI, Wei WEI, Pinkuan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0587-1

摘要： In the process of cutting, the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece has an important effect on the surface topography. In this study, the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) method is used to identify such effect. According to Riesz transform theory, a type of isotropic monogenic signal is proposed. The boundary data is extended on the basis of a similarity principle that deals with serious boundary effect problem. The decomposition examples show that the improved BEMD can effectively solve the problem of boundary effect and decompose the original machined surface topography at multiple scales. The characteristic surface topography representing the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece through feature identification is selected. In addition, the spatial spectrum analysis of the extracted profile is carried out. The decimal part of the frequency ratio that has an important effect on the shape of the contour can be accurately identified through contour extraction and spatial spectrum analysis. The decomposition results of simulation and experimental surface morphology demonstrate the validity of the improved BEMD algorithm in realizing the relative vibration identification between the cutter and the workpiece.

关键词： bidimensional empirical mode decomposition spatial spectrum analysis boundary effect vibration identification surface topography

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波浪入射角及地形对浮体水动力学特性影响的有限元分析

刘荣,郑永红,游亚戈,孙晓燕,

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第3期页码 42-48

摘要：

利用有限元方法分析了二维情况下波浪入射角及地形对浮体水动力学特性的影响，计算了不同情况下浮体的水动力学系数；通过与简单地形情况下解析解的比较，验证了数值方法的正确性；并在分析中采用了BiCGStab算法，高效地求解离散形成的线性方程组，大大地提高了分析的效率。研究结果为海上结构物的设计提供了关键的水动力学数据。

关键词：波浪浮体斜向波复杂地形有限元

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复杂环境下起伏地形探地雷达逆时偏移成像 Article

John H. Bradford,Janna Privette,David Wilkins,Richard Ford

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 661-666 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.004

摘要：

探地雷达偏移成像中，基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果，本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像（reversetime migration，RTM）算法，该算法特点在于只需计算电场，且可直接从采集面而非基准面进行波场延拓，进而实现地形逆时偏移。数值模拟比较了高程静校正偏移方法和RTM 方法在地表起伏及速度横向变化情况下的成像效果，结果证明RTM 方法成像效果更好。为了进一步验证算法效果，利用美国犹他州珊瑚粉沙丘崎岖地形下的实测数据对两种方法进行了对比分析。研究表明，逆时偏移成像方法能够极大地提高复杂环境下探地雷达深度成像精度。

关键词：探地雷达逆时偏移沙丘振幅分析

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基于磁驱动正交悬臂探针的三维原子力显微镜技术开发 Article

张号, 耿俊媛, 高海波, 荣伟彬, 谢晖

《工程（英文）》 2023年第24卷第5期页码 84-93 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.010

摘要：

本文介绍了一种基于磁驱动正交悬臂探针（magnetically driven-orthogonal cantilever probes, MD-OCP）的三维原子力显微镜（three-dimensional atomic force microscopy, 3D-AFM）表征方法，该方法采用两个独立的三自由度纳米扫描器，能够实现探针沿可控矢量角度跟踪扫描样品表面。该3D-AFM系统还配备了高精度旋转台，可实现360°全向成像。定制的MD-OCP包含水平悬臂、垂直悬臂和磁珠三部分，其中磁珠可在磁场中机械驱动OCP实现激振。垂直悬臂具有一个突出的针尖，可检测深槽和具有悬垂/凹边特征的结构。本文首先对MD-OCP的设计、仿真、制造过程和性能分析结果进行了描述；然后，详细介绍了探针振幅补偿和360°旋转原点定位的方法。接着，使用标准AFM阶梯光栅进行对比实验，并结合三维形貌重建方法完成了图像整合，验证了所提出方法面向陡峭侧壁和拐角处细节的表征能力。通过对具有微梳结构的微机电系统（MEMS）器件进行3D表征，进一步证实了所提出的基于MD-OCP的3D-AFM技术的有效性。最后，该技术被用于确定微阵列芯片的关键尺寸（critical dimensions, CD）。实验结果表明，所提出的方法可以高精度地获取三维结构的CD信息，相比难以获得侧壁信息的二维技术，该方法在3D微纳制造检测领域具有更好的潜力。

关键词：三维原子力显微镜磁驱动正交悬臂探针关键尺寸 360°表征三维形貌重建