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Upgrading pyrolytic carbon-blacks (CBp) from end-of-life tires: Characteristics and modification methodologies

Jiaxue Yu, Junqing Xu, Zhenchen Li, Wenzhi He, Juwen Huang, Junshi Xu, Guangming Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1198-0

摘要： Modification methodologies of upgrading CBp from ELTs were reviewed. Surface microstructures and physiochemical properties of CBp were analyzed. Future perspectives of ELTs pyrolysis industries were suggested. Over 1 billion end-of-life tires (ELTs) are generating annually, and 4 billion ELTs are currently abandoned in landfills and stockpiles worldwide, according to the statistics, leading to the environmental and health risks. To circumvent these issues, pyrolysis, as an attractive thermochemical process, has been addressed to tackle the ELTs’ problem to reduce the risks as well as increase the material recycling. However, due to the lack of systematic characteristic analysis and modification methods, poor quality of CBp limits the improvement of ELTs pyrolysis in industry applications, which plays a crucial role in the economic feasibility of pyrolysis process. In this review, we have summarized the state-of-the-art characteristics and modification methodologies of the upgrading of CBp, to in-depth understand the surface microstructures and physiochemical properties of CBp for the foundation for modification afterwards. By virtue of the proper selection of modification methods and modifying agents, the new generation of multifunctional carbon materials with desired properties can be instead of the traditional materials of CB, promising broader and various application fields.

关键词： Pyrolysis carbon-blacks     CBp     Post-pyrolysis     Demineralization     Surface modification    

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Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1700-1712 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2207-6

摘要： The chain length and hydrocarbon type significantly affect the production of light olefins during the catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha. Herein, for a better catalyst design and operation parameters optimization, the reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins were analyzed thermodynamically. The results revealed that the thermodynamically favorable reaction pathways for n/iso-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins were the protolytic and hydrogen transfer cracking pathways, respectively. However, the formation of light paraffin severely limits the maximum selectivity toward light olefins. The dehydrogenation cracking pathway of n/iso-paraffins and the protolytic cracking pathway of cyclo-paraffins demonstrated significantly improved selectivity for light olefins. The results are thus useful as a direction for future catalyst improvements, facilitating superior reaction pathways to enhance light olefins. In addition, the equilibrium yield of light olefins increased with increasing the chain length, and the introduction of cyclo-paraffin inhibits the formation of light olefins. High temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of ethylene, and moderate temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of propylene. n-Hexane and cyclohexane mixtures gave maximum ethylene and propylene yield of approximately 49.90% and 55.77%, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of superior catalysts and the selection of proper operation parameters for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins from a thermodynamic point of view.

关键词： naphtha     catalytic pyrolysis     reaction pathway     equilibrium yield    

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Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1581-0

摘要：

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis.

关键词： Waste printed circuit board     Catalyst     Pyrolysis     Kinetics    

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2209-4

摘要： The release and control of sulfur species in the pyrolysis of fossil fuels and solid wastes have attracted attention worldwide. Particularly, thiophene derivatives are important intermediates for the sulfur gas release from organic sulfur, but the underlying migration mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, the mechanism of sulfur migration during the release of sulfur-containing radicals in benzothiophene pyrolysis was explored through quantum chemistry modeling. The C1-to-C2 H-transfer has the lowest energy barrier of 269.9 kJ·mol–1 and the highest rate constant at low temperatures, while the elevated temperature is beneficial for C−S bond homolysis. 2-Ethynylbenzenethiol is the key intermediate for the formation of S and SH radicals with the overall energy barriers of 408.0 and 498.7 kJ·mol–1 in favorable pathways. The generation of CS radicals is relatively difficult because of the high energy barrier (551.8 kJ·mol–1). However, it can be significantly promoted by high temperatures, where the rate constant exceeds that for S radical generation above 930 °C. Consequently, the strong competitiveness of S and SH radicals results in abundant H2S during benzothiophene pyrolysis, and the high temperature is more beneficial for CS2 generation from CS radicals. This study lays a foundation for elucidating sulfur migration mechanisms and furthering the development of pyrolysis techniques.

关键词： benzothiophene     sulfur migration     pyrolysis     density functional theory    

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Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2375-z

摘要： Decalin is considered as an important compound of high-energy-density endothermic fuel, which is an ideal on-board coolant for thermal management of advanced aircraft. However, decalin contains two isomers with a tunable composition, and their effects on the pyrolysis performance, such as the heat sink and coking tendency have not been demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the pyrolysis of decalin isomers, i.e., cis-decalin, trans-decalin and their mixtures (denoted as mix-decalin), in order to clarify the effects of the cis-/trans-structures on the pyrolysis performance of decalin fuels. The pyrolysis results confirmed that conversion of the tested fuels (600–725 °C, 4 MPa) decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. Detailed analyses of the pyrolysis products were used to compare the product distributions from cis-decalin, mix-decalin and trans-decalin, and the yields of some typical components (such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, benzene and toluene) showed significant differences, which could be ascribed to deeper cracking of cis-decalin. Additionally, the heat sinks and coking tendencies of the decalins decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. This work demonstrates the relationship between the cis/trans structures and the pyrolysis performance of decalin, which provides a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.

关键词： endothermic fuel     decalin     pyrolysis     heat sink     molecular structure    

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Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 424-429 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0015-z

摘要： Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to achieve fast pyrolysis of xylan and on-line analysis of pyrolysis vapors. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on pyrolytic products, and to reveal the effect of HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) zeolites on pyrolysis vapors. The results showed that the total yield of pyrolytic products first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature from 350°C to 900°C. The pyrolytic products were complex, and the most abundant products included hydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and furfural. Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis vapors with HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts significantly altered the product distribution. Oxygen-containing compounds were reduced considerably, and meanwhile, a lot of hydrocarbons, mainly toluene and xylenes, were formed. M/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective than HZSM-5 in reducing the oxygen-containing compounds, and therefore, they helped to produce higher contents of hydrocarbons than HZSM-5.

关键词： xylan     fast pyrolysis     catalytic pyrolysis     Py-GC/MS     HZSM-5    

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Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1404-8

摘要：

• Possible formation pathways of H2S were revealed in thiophene pyrolysis.

关键词： Density functional theory     Waste rubber     Thiophene     H2S     Pyrolysis    

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Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitor INC424 in patients with primary and post-polycythemia vera or post-essential

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 437-443 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0472-9

摘要：

A phase II study (A2202) was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in 63 Chinese MF patients. Ruxolitinib was given twice a day (bid) at a starting dose of 15 mg (n=25) or 20 mg (n=38) based on a baseline platelet count. About 94.7% of the patients achieved a reduction in spleen size, 27.0% of which exhibited significant reduction (≥35%) at week 24. Significant improvement in debilitating constitutional symptoms, as assessed by MFSAF v2.0, was observed in patients treated with ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib treatment was generally well tolerated by Chinese patients. Although the treatment was associated with an increase in certain adverse events (AEs) that were established as identified risks (anemia and thrombocytopenia), these AEs were considered manageable in this clinical setting. Ruxolitinib provided substantial reductions in splenomegaly and improvements in symptoms, and was well-tolerated by Chinese patients with MF.

关键词： JAK     ruxolitinib     Chinese patients     myelofibrosis    

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Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1570-3

摘要：

● Collaborative treatment of plastics and OS was established to improve oil quality.

关键词： Oily sludge     Pyrolysis     Polyethylene     H/Ceff ratio     Oil quality    

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Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 50-58 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1685-4

摘要： A bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer was integrated with an honeycomb as a catalytic upgrading zone for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. In the upgrading zone, zeolite coated ceramic honeycomb (ZCCH) catalysts consisting of ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) were stacked and N or recycled non-condensable gas was used as a carrier gas. Ground corncob particles were fast pyrolyzed in the bubbling bed using fine sand particles as a heat carrier and the resulting pyrolysis vapors were passed on-line over the catalytic upgrading zone. The influence of carrier gas, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of catalyst on the oil product properties, distribution and mass balance were studied. Using ZCCH effectively increased the hydrocarbon yield and the heating value of the dry oil, especially in the presence of the recycled noncondensable gas. Even a low usage of zeolite catalyst at WSHV of 180 h was effective in upgrading the pyrolysis oil and other light olefins. The highest hydrocarbon (≥C2) and liquid aromatics yields reached to 14.23 and 4.17 wt-%, respectively. The undesirable products including light oxygenates, furans dramatically decreased in the presence of the ZCCH catalyst.

关键词： corncob     monolith     upgrading     pyrolysis    

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Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 355-361 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0567-9

摘要： Biomass can be converted into flammable gas, charcoal, wood vinegar, wood tar oil and noncombustible materials with thermo-chemical pyrolysis reactions. Many factors influence these processes, such as the properties of the raw materials, and temperature control and these will affect the products that are produced. Based on the data from a straw pyrolysis demonstration project, the mass and heat balance of the biomass pyrolysis process were analyzed. The statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) statistical method was used to analyze the data which were monitored on-site. A cost-benefit analysis was then used to study the viability of commercializing the project. The analysis included net present value, internal rate of return and investment payback period. These results showed that the straw pyrolysis project has little risk, and will produce remarkable economic benefits.

关键词： mass balance     heat balance     biomass pyrolysis     economic benefit    

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Prediction of high-density polyethylene pyrolysis using kinetic parameters based on thermogravimetric

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1606-3

摘要：

● Reducting the sampling frequency can enhance the modelling process.

关键词： HDPE     Pyrolysis     Kinetics     Thermogravimetric     ANOVA     Artificial neural network    

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Dynamic modelling and simulation of a post-combustion CO capture process for coal-fired power plants

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 198-209 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2057-7

摘要： Solvent-based post-combustion capture technologies have great potential for CO2 mitigation in traditional coal-fired power plants. Modelling and simulation provide a low-cost opportunity to evaluate performances and guide flexible operation. Composed by a series of partial differential equations, first-principle post-combustion capture models are computationally expensive, which limits their use in real time process simulation and control. In this study, we propose a first-principle approach to develop the basic structure of a reduced-order model and then the dominant factor is used to fit properties and simplify the chemical and physical process, based on which a universal and hybrid post-combustion capture model is established. Model output at steady state and trend at dynamic state are validated using experimental data obtained from the literature. Then, impacts of liquid-to-gas ratio, reboiler power, desorber pressure, tower height and their combination on the absorption and desorption effects are analyzed. Results indicate that tower height should be designed in conjunction with the flue gas flow, and the gas-liquid ratio can be optimized to reduce the reboiler power under a certain capture target.

关键词： CO2 capture     post-combustion capture     simulation     dominant factor    

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Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 155-161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1655-x

摘要： In-line hydro-treatment of bio-oil vapor from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (hydro-pyrolysis of biomass) is studied as a method of upgrading the liquefied bio-oil for a possible precursor to green fuels. The nobel metal (Pt) and non-noble metal catalysts (Mo C and WC) were compared at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure which are same as the reaction conditions for fast pyrolysis of biomass. Results indicated that under the pyrolysis conditions, the major components, such as acids and carbonyls, of the fast pyrolysis bio-oil can be completely and partially hydrogenated to form hydrocarbons, an ideal fossil fuel blend, in the hydro-treated bio-oil. The carbide catalysts perform equally well as the Pt catalyst regarding to the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon formation (ca. 60%), showing the feasibility of using the cheap non-noble catalysts for hydro-pyrolysis of biomass.

关键词： bio-oil     pyrolysis     hydro-deoxygenation (HDO)     non-noble metal catalysts     hydro-treatment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Upgrading pyrolytic carbon-blacks (CBp) from end-of-life tires: Characteristics and modification methodologies

Jiaxue Yu, Junqing Xu, Zhenchen Li, Wenzhi He, Juwen Huang, Junshi Xu, Guangming Li

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

期刊论文

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

期刊论文

Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

期刊论文

Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

期刊论文

Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

期刊论文

Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitor INC424 in patients with primary and post-polycythemia vera or post-essential

null

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

期刊论文

Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

期刊论文

Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

期刊论文

Prediction of high-density polyethylene pyrolysis using kinetic parameters based on thermogravimetric

期刊论文

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a post-combustion CO capture process for coal-fired power plants

期刊论文

Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

期刊论文