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Energy and economic analysis of a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic system when its installation

C. RENNO, A. PERONE

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 384-395 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0717-9

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to analyze energy and economic performances of a point-focus CPV system

Keywords： CPV system     point-focus     experimental model     energy and economic analysis    

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Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0384-0

Abstract:

Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production (HGP), serving as the main mechanism by which metformin improves hyperglycemia of T2D. Biochemically, metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis. Metformin also inhibits glycogenolysis, which is a pathway that critically contributes to elevated HGP. While generating beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, metformin also improves insulin resistance and corrects dyslipidemia in patients with T2D. These beneficial effects of metformin implicate a role for metformin in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As supported by the results from both human and animal studies, metformin improves hepatic steatosis and suppresses liver inflammation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of metformin on hepatic aspects are mediated through both adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways. In addition, metformin is generally safe and may also benefit patients with other chronic liver diseases.

Keywords： metformin     diabetes     hepatic steatosis     inflammatory response     insulin resistance    

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Review of aeroelasticity for wind turbine: Current status, research focus and future perspectives

Pinting ZHANG, Shuhong HUANG

Frontiers in Energy 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 419-434 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0166-6

Abstract: Aeroelasticity has become a critical issue for Multi-Megawatt wind turbine due to the longer and more flexible blade. In this paper, the development of aeroelasticity and aeroelastic codes for wind turbine is reviewed and the aeroelastic models for wind turbine blade are described, based on which, the current research focuses for large scale wind turbine are discussed, including instability problems for onshore and offshore wind turbines, effects of complex inflow, nonlinear effects of large blade deflection, smart structure technologies, and aerohydroelasticity. Finally, the future development of aeroelastic code for large scale wind turbine: aeroservoelasticity and smart rotor control; nonlinear aeroelasticity due to large blade deflection; full-scale 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution for dynamics; and aerohydroelasticity are presented.

Keywords： wind turbine     aeroelasticity     aeroelastic code    

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Current scenario and challenges of plastic pollution in Bangladesh: a focus on farmlands and terrestrial

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1666-4

Abstract:

● A global snapshot of plastic waste generation and disposal is analysed.

Keywords： Plastic waste     Farmlands     Terrestrial ecosystem     Marine life    

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Optical performance analysis of an innovative linear focus secondary trough solar concentrating system

Xiliang ZHANG, Zhiying CUI, Jianhan ZHANG, Fengwu BAI, Zhifeng WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 590-596 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0602-y

Abstract: To overcome those inherent disadvantages, in this paper, an innovative concept of linear focus secondary

Keywords： secondary parabolic trough solar concentrator     ray tracing method     linear focus     concentration ratio     optical    

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Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 177-195 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0184-y

Abstract: Late payment, and indeed no payment, is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long. Recent development in blockchain technology, particularly its smart contract, seems to provide a new opportunity to improve this old problem. However, this opportunity is largely unexploited. This study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract (BBSC) system for smart payment in the construction industry by focusing on the fundamental cycle of payment freezing (sometimes also synonymously called payment guarantees) and disbursement application. Firstly, a BBSC framework, containing three processes of (a) initiation and configuration, (b) payment freezing, and (c) disbursement application, is developed. Next, based on the framework, the system architecture of the BBSC system, containing three layers of (1) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), (2) Blockchain as a Service (BaaS), and (3) Software as a Service (SaaS) is proposed and elaborated. Finally, based on the system architecture, a BBSC prototype system is developed using a real-life modular construction project as a case study. It was found that the prototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment, thereby enabling smart payment in construction transactions. Without advocating radical changes (e.g., the contractual relationships or the intermediate role of banks in modern construction projects), the prototype can be developed into a real-life BBSC system that can work compatibly with current advancements in the field. Future works are recommended to fine-tune the findings and translate and implement them in real-life applications.

Keywords： blockchain     construction project     smart contract     smart payment     payment dispute    

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Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116)

Frontiers of Medicine doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1037-3

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir–ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China’s homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.

Keywords： COVID-19     antiviral drugs     mindeudesivir    

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A Focus on Interfaces

Ping Sheng

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 552-553 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.003

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Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

Uwe LUDEWIG, Lixing YUAN, Günter NEUMANN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 357-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019275

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and for efficient crop production, but global P use with limited recycling is inefficient in several sectors, including agronomy. Unfortunately, plant physiologists, agronomists, farmers and end users employ different measures for P use efficiency (PUE), which often masks their values at different scales. The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition to P balances, is also a valuable concept. Major physiological and genetic factors for plant P uptake and utilization have been identified, but there has been limited success in genetically improving PUE of modern crop cultivars. In maize, studies on root architectural and morphological traits appear promising. Rhizosphere processes assist in mobilizing and capturing sparingly soluble phosphate from rock phosphate. Combinations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer, as well as strategies of fertilizer placement near the roots of target crops, can moderately enhance PUE. The desired concentration of P in the products differs, depending on the final use of the crop products as feed, food or for energy conversion, which should be considered during crop production.

Keywords： acquisition efficiency     plant growth promoting rhizobacteria     phosphate     use efficiency     utilization efficiency    

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FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270

Abstract: ;have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus

Keywords： actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration    

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Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on polycomb group proteins

Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 231-241 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0253-7

Abstract: Specifically, we will focus our discussion on the molecular roles of PcG proteins.

Keywords： liver cancer     epigenetics     histone modifications     polycomb group proteins     enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)    

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Segmentation and focus-point location based on boundary analysis in forest canopy hemispherical photography Article

Jia-yin SONG,Wen-long SONG,Jian-ping HUANG,Liang-kuan ZHU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 8,   Pages 741-749 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601169

Abstract: In this study, our main focus was on using circular image region segmentation, which is the basis of

Keywords： Fisheye lens     Least squares method     Image segmentation     Ecology in image processing     Hemispherical photography    

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STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 503-509 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023528

Abstract:

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Keywords： GREEN     AGRICULTURAL     PROMOTE     POLLUTION     SOURCE     DEVELOPMENT     POINT     STRENGTHENING     CONTROL    

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Hydrogen Power Focus Shifts from Cars to Heavy Vehicles

Chris Palmer

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 1333-1335 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.006

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Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and

Lei Zheng, Xingbao Gao, Wei Wang, Zifu Li, Lingling Zhang, Shikun Cheng

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1184-6

Abstract: Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.

Keywords： MSWI fly ash     Cementing efficiency     Health risk assessment of heavy metal     Sand replacement     Cement replacement    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Energy and economic analysis of a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic system when its installation

C. RENNO, A. PERONE

Journal Article

Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Journal Article

Review of aeroelasticity for wind turbine: Current status, research focus and future perspectives

Pinting ZHANG, Shuhong HUANG

Journal Article

Current scenario and challenges of plastic pollution in Bangladesh: a focus on farmlands and terrestrial

Journal Article

Optical performance analysis of an innovative linear focus secondary trough solar concentrating system

Xiliang ZHANG, Zhiying CUI, Jianhan ZHANG, Fengwu BAI, Zhifeng WANG

Journal Article

Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

Journal Article

Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116)

Journal Article

A Focus on Interfaces

Ping Sheng

Journal Article

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

Uwe LUDEWIG, Lixing YUAN, Günter NEUMANN

Journal Article

FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

Journal Article

Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on polycomb group proteins

Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong

Journal Article

Segmentation and focus-point location based on boundary analysis in forest canopy hemispherical photography

Jia-yin SONG,Wen-long SONG,Jian-ping HUANG,Liang-kuan ZHU

Journal Article

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

Journal Article

Hydrogen Power Focus Shifts from Cars to Heavy Vehicles

Chris Palmer

Journal Article

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and

Lei Zheng, Xingbao Gao, Wei Wang, Zifu Li, Lingling Zhang, Shikun Cheng

Journal Article