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A multi-agent architecture for scheduling in platform-based smart manufacturing systems Special Feature on Industrial Internet

Yong-kui Liu, Xue-song Zhang, Lin Zhang, Fei Tao, Li-hui Wang,yongkuiliu@163.com,xs_zhang@126.com,zhanglin@buaa.edu.cn,ftao@buaa.edu.cn,lihuiw@kth.se

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 11,   Pages 1465-1492 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900094

Abstract: During the past years, a number of concepts have been proposed, such as cloud manufacturing, Industry 4.0, and Industrial Internet. One of their common aims is to optimize the collaborative resource configuration across enterprises by establishing s that aggregate distributed resources. In all of these concepts, a complete manufacturing system consists of distributed physical manufacturing systems and a containing the virtual manufacturing systems mapped from the physical ones. We call such manufacturing systems -based systems (PSMSs). A PSMS can therefore be regarded as a huge cyber-physical system with the cyber part being the and the physical part being the corresponding physical manufacturing system. A significant issue for a PSMS is how to optimally schedule the aggregated resources. technology provides an effective approach for solving this issue. In this paper we propose a architecture for in PSMSs, which consists of a -level system (MAS) and an enterprise- level MAS. Procedures, characteristics, and requirements of in PSMSs are presented. A model for in a PSMS based on the architecture is proposed. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and model.

Keywords： 平台；智能制造；多智能体；调度    

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The Application of Multi-agent Based Distributed Intelligent Control in VAV Air Conditioning System

Zhang Hongwei,Wu Aiguo,Sheng Tao

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 7,   Pages 58-62

Abstract:

A VAV system can be treated as a multi-agent system. In this paper, a multi-agent-based distributed intelligent control method is presented to solve the problem of concordance and decoupling in the VAV system. A simulation program of VAV system is set up for control analysis. Through a simulation, this control method has been proved to be satisfactory.

Keywords： VAV     agent     multi-agent system     distributed intelligent control    

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Prospects for multi-agent collaboration and gaming: challenge, technology, and application Perspective

Yu LIU, Zhi LI, Zhizhuo JIANG, You HE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1002-1009 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200055

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed significant improvement of multi-agent systems for solving various decision-making problems in complex environments and achievement of similar or even better performance than humans. In this study, we briefly review multi-agent collaboration and gaming technology from three perspectives, i.e., task challenges, technology directions, and application areas. We first highlight the typical research problems and challenges in the recent work on multi-agent systems. Then we discuss some of the promising research directions on multi-agent collaboration and gaming tasks. Finally, we provide some focused prospects on the application areas in this field.

Keywords： 多智能体；博弈论；集体智能；强化学习；智能控制    

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Coach-assisted multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for unexpected crashed agents Research Article

Jian ZHAO, Youpeng ZHAO, Weixun WANG, Mingyu YANG, Xunhan HU, Wengang ZHOU, Jianye HAO, Houqiang LI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1032-1042 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100594

Abstract: Multi-agent is difficult to apply in practice, partially because of the gap between simulated and real-world scenarios. One reason for the gap is that simulated systems always assume that agents can work normally all the time, while in practice, one or more agents may unexpectedly "crash" during the coordination process due to inevitable hardware or software failures. Such crashes destroy the cooperation among agents and lead to performance degradation. In this work, we present a formal conceptualization of a cooperative multi-agent system with unexpected crashes. To enhance the robustness of the system to crashes, we propose a coach-assisted multi-agent framework that introduces a virtual coach agent to adjust the crash rate during training. We have designed three coaching strategies (fixed crash rate, curriculum learning, and adaptive crash rate) and a re-sampling strategy for our coach agent. To our knowledge, this work is the first to study unexpected crashes in a . Extensive experiments on grid-world and StarCraft II micromanagement tasks demonstrate the efficacy of the adaptive strategy compared with the fixed crash rate strategy and curriculum learning strategy. The ablation study further illustrates the effectiveness of our re-sampling strategy.

Keywords： Multi-agent system     Reinforcement learning     Unexpected crashed agents    

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Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing: Perspectives and Enablers

Yubao Chen

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5,   Pages 588-595 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.009

Abstract:

With ever-increasing market competition and advances in technology, more and more countries are prioritizing advanced manufacturing technology as their top priority for economic growth. Germany announced the Industry 4.0 strategy in 2013. The US government launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP) in 2011 and the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) in 2014. Most recently, the Manufacturing USA initiative was officially rolled out to further “leverage existing resources… to nurture manufacturing innovation and accelerate commercialization” by fostering close collaboration between industry, academia, and government partners. In 2015, the Chinese government officially published a 10-year plan and roadmap toward manufacturing: Made in China 2025. In all these national initiatives, the core technology development and implementation is in the area of advanced manufacturing systems. A new manufacturing paradigm is emerging, which can be characterized by two unique features: integrated manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This trend is in line with the progress of industrial revolutions, in which higher efficiency in production systems is being continuously pursued. To this end, 10 major technologies can be identified for the new manufacturing paradigm. This paper describes the rationales and needs for integrated and intelligent manufacturing (i2M) systems. Related technologies from different fields are also described. In particular, key technological enablers, such as the Internet of Things and Services (IoTS), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), and cloud computing are discussed. Challenges are addressed with applications that are based on commercially available platforms such as General Electric (GE)’s Predix and PTC’s ThingWorx.

Keywords： Integrated manufacturing     Intelligent manufacturing     Cloud computing     Cyber-physical system     Internet of Things     Industrial Internet     Predictive analytics     Manufacturing platform    

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Control for Intelligent Manufacturing: A Multiscale Challenge

Han-Xiong Li, Haitao Si

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5,   Pages 608-615 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.016

Abstract:

The Made in China 2025 initiative will require full automation in all sectors, from customers to production. This will result in great challenges to manufacturing systems in all sectors. In the future of manufacturing, all devices and systems should have sensing and basic intelligence capabilities for control and adaptation. In this study, after discussing multiscale dynamics of the modern manufacturing system, a five-layer functional structure is proposed for uncertainties processing. Multiscale dynamics include: multi-time scale, space-time scale, and multi-level dynamics. Control action will differ at different scales, with more design being required at both fast and slow time scales. More quantitative action is required in low-level operations, while more qualitative action is needed regarding high-level supervision. Intelligent manufacturing systems should have the capabilities of flexibility, adaptability, and intelligence. These capabilities will require the control action to be distributed and integrated with different approaches, including smart sensing, optimal design, and intelligent learning. Finally, a typical jet dispensing system is taken as a real-world example for multiscale modeling and control.

Keywords： System modeling     Process control     Artificial intelligence     Manufacturing     Jet dispensing    

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Existence and practice of gaming: thoughts on the development of multi-agent system gaming Perspective

Qi DONG, Zhenyu WU, Jun LU, Fengsong SUN, Jinyu WANG, Yanyu YANG, Xiaozhou SHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 995-1001 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100593

Abstract: Game is a universal being in the universe. Starting with human understanding of the game process, we discuss the existence and practice of gaming, expound challenges in multi-agent gaming, and put forward a theoretical framework for a multiagent evolutionary game based on the idea of evolution and system theory. Taking the next-generation early warning and detection system as an example, we introduce the applications of multi-agent evolutionary game. We construct a multi-agent selforganizing game decision-making model and develop a multi-agent method based on reinforcement learning, which are significant in studying organized and systematic game behaviors in a high-dimensional complex environment.

Keywords： 博弈；多智能体系统；多智能体演化博弈；预警探测    

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Paths for the Digital Transformation and Intelligent Upgrade of China’s Discrete Manufacturing Industry

Li Xinyu, Li Zhaofu, Gao Liang

Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 2,   Pages 64-74 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.008

Abstract:

The discrete manufacturing industry in China is currently being transformed and upgraded. Digital transformation and intelligent upgrade is an inevitable choice for China’s discrete manufacturing industry, as intelligent manufacturing can promote the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of discrete manufacturing. The sub-sectors of discrete manufacturing in China differs significantly and requires diversified paths for digital transformation and intelligent upgrade. In this paper, we first summarize the typical characteristics of the discrete manufacturing industry, explore the challenges regarding the digital transformation and intelligent upgrade of the industry, and elaborate the common key technologies including advanced manufacturing, new-generation information, and new-generation artificial intelligence. Subsequently, we investigate four typical cases to present the frontier application progress in the field in China, and propose the following key development tasks: (1) achieving breakthroughs in keys enabling technologies for intelligent manufacturing, (2) developing intelligent manufacturing equipment, (3) building digital and intelligent workshops and factories, (4) providing digital and intelligent services, and (5) building standards and safety systems. Furthermore, it is necessary to accelerate pilot application, highlight domestication, increase the reserve of high-tech talents, and formulate relevant laws and regulations, to promote the high-quality development of China’s discrete manufacturing industry. 

Keywords： intelligent manufacturing     discrete manufacturing industry     digital transformation and intelligent upgrade     topological optimization     workshop scheduling     deep learning    

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Decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning with networked agents: recent advances Review Article

Kaiqing Zhang, Zhuoran Yang, Tamer Başar,kzhang66@illinois.edu,zy6@princeton.edu,basar1@illinois.edu

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 802-814 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900661

Abstract: Multi-agent (MARL) has long been a significant research topic in both machine learning and control systems. Recent development of (single-agent) deep has created a resurgence of interest in developing new MARL algorithms, especially those founded on theoretical analysis. In this paper, we review recent advances on a sub-area of this topic: decentralized MARL with networked agents. In this scenario, multiple agents perform sequential decision-making in a common environment, and without the coordination of any central controller, while being allowed to exchange information with their neighbors over a communication network. Such a setting finds broad applications in the control and operation of robots, unmanned vehicles, mobile sensor networks, and the smart grid. This review covers several of our research endeavors in this direction, as well as progress made by other researchers along the line. We hope that this review promotes additional research efforts in this exciting yet challenging area.

Keywords： 强化学习；多智能体系统；网络系统；一致性优化；分布式优化；博弈论    

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Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: a review Review

Bo-hu LI,Bao-cun HOU,Wen-tao YU,Xiao-bing LU,Chun-wei YANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 1,   Pages 86-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601885

Abstract: Based on research into the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years, we analyze the rapid development of core technologies in the new era of ‘Internet plus AI’, which is triggering a great change in the models, means, and ecosystems of the manufacturing industry, as well as in the development of AI. We then propose new models, means, and forms of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing system architecture, and intelligent man-ufacturing technology system, based on the integration of AI technology with information communications, manufacturing, and related product technology. Moreover, from the perspectives of intelligent manufacturing application technology, industry, and application demonstration, the current development in intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Finally, suggestions for the appli-cation of AI in intelligent manufacturing in China are presented.

Keywords： Artificial intelligence     Intelligent manufacturing     Intelligent manufacturing system    

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Theory of Collective Intelligence Evolution and Its Applications in Intelligent Robots

Qi Xiaoya, Liu Chuang, Fu Chen, Gan Zhongxue

Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 101-111 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.017

Abstract:

Collective intelligence (CI) is widely studied in the past few decades. The most well-known CI algorithm is the ant colony optimization (ACO). ACO is used to solve complex path searching problems through CI emergence. Recently, DeepMind announced the AlphaZero program which has achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go, Chess, and Shogi, by tabula rasa reinforcement learning from games of self-play. By experimenting and implementing the AlphaZero series program in the game of Gomoku, along with analyzing and comparing the Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) and ACO algorithms, it is realized that the success of AlphaZero is not only due to the deep neural network and reinforcement learning, but also due to the MCTS algorithm, which is discovered to be a CI emergence algorithm. Thus we propose a CI evolution theory, as a general framework towards artificial general intelligence (AGI). Combining the strengths of deep learning, reinforcement learning, and CI algorithm, CI evolution theory enables individual intelligence to evolve with high efficiency and low cost through CI emergence. This CI evolution theory has natural applications in intelligent robots. A cloud-terminal platform is developed to help intelligent robots evolve their intelligent models. As a proof of this idea, a welding robot's welding parameter optimization intelligent model is implemented on the platform.

Keywords： collective intelligence     emergence     evolution     positive feedback     ant colony optimization     Monte-Carlo tree search     distributed AI cloud-terminal platform     intelligent robot    

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Research on Intelligent Manufacturing Development Strategy in China

The Research Group for Research on Intelligent Manufacturing Development Strategy

Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.001

Abstract:

Intelligent manufacturing is the focus for building China into a manufacturing power. Intelligent manufacturing is a general concept under continuous development. In this paper, the intension of intelligent manufacturing is put forward. Intelligent manufacturing is categorized into three basic paradigms: digital manufacturing, smart manufacturing, and new-generation intelligent manufacturing. It is proposed that China should push forward the intelligent transformation of its manufacturing industry by adopting a technology roadmap of “parallel promotion and integrated development”. The strategic objectives, strategic guidelines, and development paths for the future development of intelligent manufacturing in China are put forward. Then some preliminary suggestions, in terms of mechanism guarantee and policies in China, including strengthening and implementing the intelligent manufacturing promotion mechanism, increasing fiscal and financial support, and deepening international exchanges and cooperation are proposed.

Keywords： new-generation intelligent manufacturing     basic paradigms     parallel promotion and integrated development    

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Intelligent radio access networks: architectures, key techniques, and experimental platforms Review Article

Zeyu WANG, Yaohua SUN, Shuo YUAN,sunyaohua@bupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 1,   Pages 5-18 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100305

Abstract: Intelligent radio access networks (RANs) have been seen as a promising paradigm aiming to better satisfy diverse application demands and support various service scenarios. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of recent advances in intelligent RANs is conducted. First, the efforts made by standard organizations and vendors are summarized, and several intelligent RAN architectures proposed by the academic community are presented, such as intent-driven RAN and network with enhanced data analytic. Then, several enabling techniques are introduced which include AI-driven network slicing, intent perception, intelligent operation and maintenance, AI-based cloud-edge collaborative networking, and intelligent multi-dimensional resource allocation. Furthermore, the recent progress achieved in developing is described. Finally, given the extensiveness of the research area, several promising future directions are outlined, in terms of standard open data sets, enabling AI with a computing power network, realization of edge intelligence, and software-defined intelligent satellite-terrestrial integrated network.

Keywords： Intelligent network architecture     Artificial intelligence     Experimental platforms    

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Development Strategy for Intelligent Factory in Discrete Manufacturing

Lu Bingheng, Shao Xinyu , Zhang Jun, Wang Lei

Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 44-50 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.008

Abstract:

A new-generation intelligent manufacturing, characterized by the marriage of the next-generation artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing industry, is emerging and becoming the core technology of the fourth industrial revolution. China’s manufacturing industry as a whole is big but not strong. The development of intelligent manufacturing can promote China’s manufacturing industry by improving both quality and efficiency, and ultimately, is the main path for the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry. Intelligent production is a major component of intelligent manufacturing, while intelligent factory is the carrier for intelligent production. This paper focuses on the development strategy for smart factories in discrete manufacturing. First, the concept of intelligent factory is introduced, with its basic structure, information system architecture, and basic characteristics in discrete manufacturing discussed. Then, the key breakthrough directions and the implementation plan for intelligent factory are laid out. Finally, following suggestions are provided for policy makers to develop intelligent factory: ① actively support and guide the development of intelligent manufacturing through pilot and demonstration projects, and promote the formation of an ecological chain for intelligent manufacturing with regional advantages; ② encourage enterprises to build intelligent factories to construct technological competitive advantages and enhance economic benefits; ③ establish and improve the synergy mechanism for innovation; ④ highlight the Made-in-China capabilities for core technologies, key equipment components, and industrial software.

Keywords： intelligent manufacturing     intelligent factory     discrete manufacturing    

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Brief Analysis on Three Basic Paradigms of Intelligent Manufacturing

Zang Jiyuan, Wang Baicun, Meng Liu , Zhou Yuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 13-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.003

Abstract:

This paper briefly describes the significance of studying the paradigms of intelligent manufacturing, and introduces the connotation and development process of intelligent manufacturing. By analyzing the characteristics of relevant paradigms of intelligent manufacturing, three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing are summarized: digital manufacturing, digital and networked manufacturing ("Internet Plus" manufacturing or smart manufacturing), and digital, networked, and intelligentized manufacturing (new-generation intelligent manufacturing). The connotation and characteristics of the three basic paradigms are expounded. China should start with the digital manufacturing, thus to consolidate the foundation for the development of intelligent manufacturing. In the next stage, China should focus on the development of "Internet Plus" manufacturing, and promote these three basic paradigms in parallel. The new-generation intelligent manufacturing will fundamentally lead and advance the fourth industrial revolution, and bring a historic opportunity for China's manufacturing to achieve leapfrog development.

Keywords： basic paradigms     digital manufacturing     “Internet Plus” manufacturing     new-generation intelligent manufacturing    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A multi-agent architecture for scheduling in platform-based smart manufacturing systems

Yong-kui Liu, Xue-song Zhang, Lin Zhang, Fei Tao, Li-hui Wang,yongkuiliu@163.com,xs_zhang@126.com,zhanglin@buaa.edu.cn,ftao@buaa.edu.cn,lihuiw@kth.se

Journal Article

The Application of Multi-agent Based Distributed Intelligent Control in VAV Air Conditioning System

Zhang Hongwei,Wu Aiguo,Sheng Tao

Journal Article

Prospects for multi-agent collaboration and gaming: challenge, technology, and application

Yu LIU, Zhi LI, Zhizhuo JIANG, You HE

Journal Article

Coach-assisted multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for unexpected crashed agents

Jian ZHAO, Youpeng ZHAO, Weixun WANG, Mingyu YANG, Xunhan HU, Wengang ZHOU, Jianye HAO, Houqiang LI

Journal Article

Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing: Perspectives and Enablers

Yubao Chen

Journal Article

Control for Intelligent Manufacturing: A Multiscale Challenge

Han-Xiong Li, Haitao Si

Journal Article

Existence and practice of gaming: thoughts on the development of multi-agent system gaming

Qi DONG, Zhenyu WU, Jun LU, Fengsong SUN, Jinyu WANG, Yanyu YANG, Xiaozhou SHANG

Journal Article

Paths for the Digital Transformation and Intelligent Upgrade of China’s Discrete Manufacturing Industry

Li Xinyu, Li Zhaofu, Gao Liang

Journal Article

Decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning with networked agents: recent advances

Kaiqing Zhang, Zhuoran Yang, Tamer Başar,kzhang66@illinois.edu,zy6@princeton.edu,basar1@illinois.edu

Journal Article

Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: a review

Bo-hu LI,Bao-cun HOU,Wen-tao YU,Xiao-bing LU,Chun-wei YANG

Journal Article

Theory of Collective Intelligence Evolution and Its Applications in Intelligent Robots

Qi Xiaoya, Liu Chuang, Fu Chen, Gan Zhongxue

Journal Article

Research on Intelligent Manufacturing Development Strategy in China

The Research Group for Research on Intelligent Manufacturing Development Strategy

Journal Article

Intelligent radio access networks: architectures, key techniques, and experimental platforms

Zeyu WANG, Yaohua SUN, Shuo YUAN,sunyaohua@bupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

Development Strategy for Intelligent Factory in Discrete Manufacturing

Lu Bingheng, Shao Xinyu , Zhang Jun, Wang Lei

Journal Article

Brief Analysis on Three Basic Paradigms of Intelligent Manufacturing

Zang Jiyuan, Wang Baicun, Meng Liu , Zhou Yuan

Journal Article