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Journal Article 3

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Estrogen 1

Female sex hormones 1

Immunoglobulin G 1

Menstrual cycle 1

N-glycosylation 1

Progesterone 1

Testosterone 1

Women 1

biomarker 1

breast cancer 1

combined estrogen-progestin therapy 1

estrogen 1

microRNA (miRNA) 1

microarray 1

postmenopausal hormone therapy 1

unopposed estrogen therapy 1

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How to judge the association of postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer

Ling XU

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 290-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0093-7

Abstract: include: whether HT has a positive impact on breast cancer; whether risks of therapy with unopposed estrogenand combined estrogen-progestin are different; and whether different types and routes of estrogen and

Keywords： breast cancer postmenopausal hormone therapy unopposed estrogen therapy combined estrogen-progestin therapy

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MiRNA-451 is a potential biomarker for estrogenicity in mouse uterus

Lingyan HOU, Yun LU, Ying LI, Li LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 99-105 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0490-7

Abstract: biomarker for many diseases and toxicological effects in recent years, and some evidences showed that estrogen

Keywords： estrogen microRNA (miRNA) microarray biomarker

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Periodic Changes in the N-Glycosylation of Immunoglobulin G During the Menstrual Cycle Article

Julija Jurić, Hongli Peng, Manshu Song, Frano Vučković, Jelena Šimunović, Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, Youxin Wang, Jiaonan Liu, Qing Gao, Hao Wang, Qiaoyun Chu, Marija Pezer, Wei Wang, Gordan Lauc

Engineering 2023, Volume 26, Issue 7, Pages 108-118 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.020

Abstract:

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant plasma glycoprotein and a prominent humoral immune mediator. Glycan composition affects the affinity of IgG to ligands and consequent immune responses. The modification of IgG N-glycosylation is considered to be one of the various mechanisms by which sex hormones modulate the immune system. Although the menstrual cycle is the central sex hormone-related physiological process in most women of reproductive age, IgG N-glycosylation dynamics during the menstrual cycle have not yet been investigated. To fill this gap, we profiled the plasma IgG N-glycans of 70 healthy premenopausal women at 12 time points during their menstrual cycles (every 7 days for 3 months) using hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC). We observed cyclic periodic changes in the N-glycosylation of IgG in association with the menstrual cycle phase and sex hormone concentration in plasma. On the integrated cohort level, the modeled average menstrual cycle effect on the abundance of IgG N-glycosylation traits was low for each trait, with the highest being 1.1% for agalactosylated N-glycans. However, intrapersonal changes were relatively high in some cases; for example, the largest difference between theminimum and maximum values during themenstrual cycle was up to 21% for sialylated N-glycans. Across all measurements, the menstrual cycle phase could explain up to 0.72% of the variation in the abundance of a single IgG glycosylation trait of monogalactosylation. In contrast, up to 99% of the variation in the abundance of digalactosylation could be attributed to interpersonal differences in IgG N-glycosylation. In conclusion, the average extent of changes in the IgG N-glycopattern that occur during the menstrual cycle is small; thus, the IgG N-glycoprofiling of women in large sample-size studies can be performed regardless of menstrual cycle phase.

Keywords： N-glycosylation Immunoglobulin G Menstrual cycle Female sex hormones Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone