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Correspondence: Monopulse transmitarray antenna fed by aperture-coupled microstrip structure Correspondence

Na KOU, Shixing YU, Zhao DING, Zhengping ZHANG,nkou@gzu.edu.cn,sxyu1@gzu.edu.cn,zding@gzu.edu.cn,zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 502-510 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000547

Abstract: Monopulse technique, also known as the simultaneous beam comparison method, is used mainly to measure the direction of arrival (DOA) (Sherman and Barton, 2011). Before the advent of monopulse technology, the method most widely used in radar direction finding was the lobe-switching technique (sequential lobing) (Lo, 1999). Compared with the sequential lobing method, the monopulse antenna can obtain information such as the pitch angle, azimuth angle, and distance of the target in a single pulse period (Vazquez-Roy et al., 2019). Due to the need for higher accuracy of angle measurement, the monopulse technique has been widely applied in SOTM missile guidance (Roy et al., 2019). When a monopulse system is working, multiple independent channels are adopted to receive signals reflected by targets at the same time. Then signals enter the comparator and finally the distance and angle information of targets can be obtained. There are three main types of monopulse antennas: lenses, reflectors, and arrays. A dielectric lens is generally a convex lens (Raman et al., 1998), which is difficult to manufacture due to its curved shape, high volume, and large mass. For common reflectors such as dish antennas, the feed and supporting structure are in front of the aperture, so a shielding effect will result in energy loss, sidelobe increase, and angle measurement error (Kou and Cheng, 2019). A more effective reflector is the Cassegrain antenna, which is more compact with dual reflectors (Zheng et al., 2016, 2017). However, the Cassegrain antenna has the problem of shielding effect caused by a secondary reflector and support rods. With growing demand for low cost and lightweight monopulse antennas in modern radar and telecommunications systems, array antennas are increasingly applied in monopulse antennas due to their characteristics of high gain and easy control of the beam direction. A typical example is the waveguide slot array, which has the advantages of low loss, low sidelobe level, and no aperture shielding problem (Vosoogh et al., 2018). The microstrip has attracted much attention in monopulse antennas because of its advantages of low profile, simple structure, and low cost (Yu et al., 2009; Kumar and Kumar, 2018). However, monopulse microstrip array antennas usually have a complex feed network, which often makes them large and expensive. In addition, substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) (Cao et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019) and leaky wave antennas (LWAs) (Poveda-García et al., 2019) have been applied in monopulse antennas, with good results. Recently, reflectarrays have been proposed for use in monopulse antennas, and have shown good performance (Zhao et al., 2017, 2018). As an alternative to reflectarrays, transmitarrays not only have the advantages of reflectarrays, but also have no shielding effect from the feeds. Di Palma et al. (2016) proposed a 400-element reconfigurable transmitarray antenna to synthesize monopulse radiation patterns. However, the sum and difference patterns generated by the reconfigurable transmitarray antenna, which is controlled electronically by switches instead of by a SUM-DIFF comparator, are in time division.

Keywords： 孔径耦合；单脉冲天线；微带；透射阵列    

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The Optimization of the Monopulse Antenna Based on Genetic Algorithms

Wang Hongjian,Gao Benqing,Liu Ruixiang

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 5,   Pages 84-87

Abstract:

The sum and difference patterns as well as the directivity of the monopulse antenna arrays are optimized based on genetic algorithms (GA). When only the sum pattern is optimized as usual, the difference pattern and gain can not be guaranteed, so the track precision and effective distance of the antenna or missile will be impaired. However, using GA, the sum pattern, difference pattern and directivity can be optimized thoroughly for the antenna design.

Keywords： monopulse antenna array     genetic algorithm     pattern     directivity    

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A novel algorithm to counter cross-eye jamming based on a multi-target model Research Articles

Zhi-yong SONG, Xing-lin SHEN, Qiang FU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 7,   Pages 988-1001 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800394

Abstract:

Cross-eye jamming is an electronic attack technique that induces an angular error in the monopulse radar by artificially creating a false target and deceiving the radar into detecting and tracking it. Presently, there is no effective anti-jamming method to counteract cross-eye jamming. In our study, through detailed analysis of the jamming mechanism, a multi-target model for a cross-eye jamming scenario is established within a random finite set framework. A novel anti-jamming method based on multitarget tracking using probability hypothesis density filters is subsequently developed by combining the characteristic differences between target and jamming with the releasing process of jamming. The characteristic differences between target and jamming and the releasing process of jamming are used to optimize particle partitioning. Particle identity labels that represent the properties of target and jamming are introduced into the detection and tracking processes. The release of cross-eye jamming is detected by estimating the number of targets in the beam, and the distinction between true targets and false jamming is realized through correlation and transmission between labels and estimated states. Thus, accurate tracking of the true targets is achieved under severe jamming conditions. Simulation results showed that the proposed method achieves a minimum delay in detection of cross-eye jamming and an accurate estimation of the target state.

Keywords： Particle identity labels     Probability hypothesis density     Cross-eye jamming     Anti-jamming     Random finite set     Monopulse radar    

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A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array Article

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 100-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.015

Abstract:

Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable antenna elements with a finite number of possible polarization states. By employing a new optimization strategy and programming the polarization states of all the array elements, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize any desired LP in the vectorial array radiation pattern with accurate control of sidelobe and crosspolarization levels (XPLs), thereby achieving the desired polarization to perfectly match that of the required communications signal. Both numerical and experimental results are provided to prove the concept, and they agree well with each other.

Keywords： 阵列天线     极化可编程天线     可重构天线    

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The Development of Technology for Pulsed X-ray Simulators

Qiu Aici

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 9,   Pages 24-28

Abstract:

In this paper is given briefly a survey of situation of simulating pulsed x-ray with high current pulsed electron beam accelerator. It´s indicated that technology of high pulsed power Z-pinch has vast application prospects in the realization of ultraintensive pulsed x-ray simulator and ICF driver as a chief technological way. Also are described the progress and the current status of simulators for pulsed x-ray in China, and proposals for the future development of Z-pinch technology.

Keywords： pulsed x-ray     high pulsed power technology     pulsed electron beam accelerator     Z-pinch     ICF    

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Design of hydraulic resonance of pulsed water - jet

Pu Jianing,Chen Ming

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 36-42

Abstract:

By setting a sinusoidal pulsed flow generator and an air chamber at the head and midst of conduit respectively , and elaborately structuring conditions of water jet system , a strong hydraulic resonance can be induced and pressure amplitude at nozzle can be greatly promoted . The mathematical- physical model of the system is illuminated with characteristics finite difference equations of hydraulic transient and solved by variable time step method . The conditions of desirable resonance are searched by direct search algorithm of Matlab . The sinusoidal pulsed flow generator is composed of a constant discharge pump and a piston cylinder fluctuating sinusoidally in volume . The constant discharge is provided by an electric piston pump driven by cam mechanism , and the sinusoidal volume fluctuation of the cylinder is produced by motion of piston driven by cam or crankshaft mechanism .

Keywords： pulsed water- jet     hydraulic resonance     method of characteristics     variable time step method     Matlab     direct search algorithm     sinusoidal pulsed flow generator    

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Asurvey on complex dynamical networkswith impulsive effects Review Articles

Xiu-ping HAN, Yong-shun ZHAO, Xiao-di LI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 199-219 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900456

Abstract: We review the research on complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with impulsive effects. We provide a comprehensive and intuitive overview of the fundamental results and recent progress of CDNs with impulsive effects, where impulsive effects are considered from two aspects, i.e., impulsive control and impulsive perturbation. Five aspects of CDNs with impulsive effects are surveyed, including synchronizing impulses, desynchronizing impulses, adaptive-impulsive synchronization, pinning impulsive synchronization, and CDNs with stochastic and impulsive effects. Finally, conclusions and some future research directions are briefly addressed.

Keywords： Complex dynamical networks     Synchronizing impulses     Desynchronizing impulses     Pinning control     Time delay    

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Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications Review Articles

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 116-127 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900474

Abstract: A filtering antenna is a device with both filtering and radiating capabilities. It can be used to reduce the cross-band mutual coupling between the closely spaced elements operating at different frequency bands. We review the authors’ work on filtering antenna designs and three related dual-band base-station antenna arrays as application examples. The filtering antenna designs include single- and dual-polarized filtering patch antennas, a single-polarized omni-directional filtering dipole antenna, and a dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna for the base station. The filtering antennas in this paper feature an innovative concept of eliminating extra filtering circuits, unlike other available antennas. For each design, the filtering structure is finely integrated with the radiators or feeding lines. As a result, the proposed designs have the advantages of compact size, simple structure, good in-band radiation performance, and low levels of loss, and do not contain complicated filtering circuits. Based on the proposed filtering antennas, single- and dual-polarized dual-band antenna arrays were developed. Separate antenna elements at different frequency bands were used to achieve the dual-band performance. The cross-band mutual couplings between the elements at different bands were reduced substantially using the antenna inherent filtering performance. The dual-band arrays exhibited better performance as compared to typical industrial products. Some of the proposed technologies have been transferred into the industry.

Keywords： Filtering antenna     Dual-band     Antenna array    

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Antenna-in-package system integrated with meander line antenna based on LTCCtechnology

Gang DONG,Wei XIONG,Zhao-yao WU,Yin-tang YANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 67-73

Abstract:

We present an antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna based on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed system employs a meander line patch antenna, a packaging layer, and a laminated multi-chip module (MCM) for integration of integrated circuit (IC) bare chips.A microstrip feed line is used to reduce the interaction between patch and package. To decrease electromagnetic coupling, a via hole structure is designed and analyzed. The meander line antenna achieved a bandwidth of 220 MHz with the center frequency at 2.4 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.2 dB, and a radiation efficiency about 90% over its operational frequency. The whole system, with a small size of 20.2 mm×6.1 mm×2.6 mm, can be easily realized by a standard LTCC process. This antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna was fabricated and the experimental results agreed with simulations well.

Keywords： Antenna-in-package (AiP)     Meander line antenna     Multi-chip module (MCM)     Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)    

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A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity Correspondence

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6,   Pages 975-983 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100421

Abstract:

We present a novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity. The proposed antenna consists of eight printed dipole elements in the form of a circular array. The arms of adjacent elements overlap for capacitive loading. Unlike traditional circular arrays, a method of exciting elements in the form of every two intervals is first introduced. We prove that this method can maintain the wideband characteristics of the antenna. Four independent feeding ports in a ring antenna aperture are designed for the polarization/pattern diversity with suitable feeding networks. As an example, a wideband dual-polarized antenna was designed based on the proposed ring antenna. To achieve two orthogonal linear polarizations with maximum radiation in the direction, two adjacent elements are extracted periodically to feed through one port. The differential feeding network and integrated Baluns have been designed to realize broadside radiation patterns, considering impedance and phase matching. Because the proposed antenna is hollow, it is a good candidate for a multiband sharing aperture antenna element. Results show that the proposed antenna has an overlapped bandwidth of 50.5% (1.04–1.82 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 for the two polarizations, and port isolation less than 23 dB. The measured realized gain ranges from 6.1 to 8.1 dBi, with stable broadside radiation patterns over the operating frequency band.

Keywords： 环形天线；宽带天线；极化分集；方向图分集    

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MIMO handset antenna for 5G/WLAN applications Correspondences

Yong CHENG, Jing LU, Bing-qing SHENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 182-187 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900478

Abstract: We propose a dual-module multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for portable terminals. The operating bands of the handheld terminal antenna are 5G (3.4–3.8 GHz) and WLAN (5.150–5.925 GHz). Antenna elements of 5G and WLAN are spaced to reduce coupling between antenna elements in the same module. The return loss of all antenna elements is larger than 6 dB. The isolation between all elements is larger than 14 dB. The radiation efficiency of the high-frequency antenna is greater than 50%, and the radiation efficiency of the low-frequency antenna is greater than 40%. The far-field gain of all elements is greater than 2.2 dBi.

Keywords： Fifth-generation (5G)     Handset antenna     Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna     Decouple    

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Antenna-in-package system integrated with meander line antenna based on LTCC technology

Gang Dong, Wei Xiong, Zhao-yao Wu, Yin-tang Yang,gdong@mail.xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 67-73 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500167

Abstract: We present an antenna-in-package system integrated with a based on technology. The proposed system employs a meander line patch antenna, a packaging layer, and a laminated for integration of integrated circuit (IC) bare chips. A microstrip feed line is used to reduce the interaction between patch and package. To decrease electromagnetic coupling, a via hole structure is designed and analyzed. The achieved a bandwidth of 220 MHz with the center frequency at 2.4 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.2 dB, and a radiation efficiency about 90% over its operational frequency. The whole system, with a small size of 20.2 mm×6.1 mm×2.6 mm, can be easily realized by a standard LTCC process. This antenna-in-package system integrated with a was fabricated and the experimental results agreed with simulations well.

Keywords： Antenna-in-package (AiP)     Meander line antenna     Multi-chip module (MCM)     Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)    

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Diversity Glass Antennas for Tri-Band WiFi Applications Article

Peng Fei Hu, Kwok Wa Leung, Kwai Man Luk, Yong Mei Pan, Shao Yong Zheng

Engineering 2023, Volume 23, Issue 4,   Pages 157-169 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.011

Abstract:

This paper investigates two novel polarization- and pattern-diversity glass dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), both of which are for tri-band (2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz) wireless fidelity (WiFi) applications. It also investigates what type of diversity antenna is most suitable for WiFi router applications by comparing the two DRAs, along with a new space-diversity glass DRA. These three diversity glass DRAs are also compared with a commercial space-diversity monopole pair to benchmark the performance of the glass DRA in WiFi router applications. In our polarization-diversity antenna, a double-port feeding scheme is developed to excite different DRA modes. The frequencies of the DRA modes are tuned by using a stepped DRA. For the pattern-diversity design, a stacked DRA is introduced to broaden the bandwidth for both the conical and broadside radiation modes. All three of the new diversity antennas were fabricated and measured to verify the simulations. In our experiment, the bit error rate (BER) of the three diversity glass antennas and the reference space-diversity monopole antenna was also measured, and the results are compared and discussed. It is found that the polarization-diversity omnidirectional DRA has the most stable BER among the three.
 

Keywords： WiFi Diversity antennas Multi-frequency     Glass     Dielectric resonator antennas     Multiple-input multiple-output    

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The μ Robust Control Design for Mobile Satellite Antennas

Li Guo,Hu Jianfei,Ji Xianzheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 5,   Pages 22-26

Abstract:

This paper investigates the use of the μ robust controller for improving control performance of mobile satellite antennas. A robust control system of mobile satellite antennas is presented,  and the μ robust controller is designed according to the mobile satellite antennas systems model.  The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the experimental results.  It is clarified that the control performance of mobile satellite antennas is improved and the control system still maintains satisfactory control performance despite the change of road surface condition.

Keywords： mobile satellite antennas     theμdesign     robust control    

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Optimal array factor radiation pattern synthesis for linear antenna array using cat swarm optimization: validation by an electromagnetic simulator Article

Gopi RAM, Durbadal MANDAL, Sakti Prasad GHOSHAL, Rajib KAR

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4,   Pages 570-577 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500371

Abstract: In this paper, an optimal design of linear antenna arrays having microstrip patch antenna elements has been carried out. Cat swarm optimization (CSO) has been applied for the optimization of the control parameters of radiation pattern of an antenna array. The optimal radiation patterns of isotropic antenna elements are obtained by optimizing the current excitation weight of each element and the inter-element spacing. The antenna arrays of 12, 16, and 20 elements are taken as examples. The arrays are designed by using MATLAB computation and are validated through Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS). From the simulation results it is evident that CSO is able to yield the optimal design of linear antenna arrays of patch antenna elements.

Keywords： Patch antenna     Linear antenna array     Cat swarm optimization (CSO)     Side lobe level (SLL)    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Correspondence: Monopulse transmitarray antenna fed by aperture-coupled microstrip structure

Na KOU, Shixing YU, Zhao DING, Zhengping ZHANG,nkou@gzu.edu.cn,sxyu1@gzu.edu.cn,zding@gzu.edu.cn,zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

The Optimization of the Monopulse Antenna Based on Genetic Algorithms

Wang Hongjian,Gao Benqing,Liu Ruixiang

Journal Article

A novel algorithm to counter cross-eye jamming based on a multi-target model

Zhi-yong SONG, Xing-lin SHEN, Qiang FU

Journal Article

A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Journal Article

The Development of Technology for Pulsed X-ray Simulators

Qiu Aici

Journal Article

Design of hydraulic resonance of pulsed water - jet

Pu Jianing,Chen Ming

Journal Article

Asurvey on complex dynamical networkswith impulsive effects

Xiu-ping HAN, Yong-shun ZHAO, Xiao-di LI

Journal Article

Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Journal Article

Antenna-in-package system integrated with meander line antenna based on LTCCtechnology

Gang DONG,Wei XIONG,Zhao-yao WU,Yin-tang YANG

Journal Article

A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Journal Article

MIMO handset antenna for 5G/WLAN applications

Yong CHENG, Jing LU, Bing-qing SHENG

Journal Article

Antenna-in-package system integrated with meander line antenna based on LTCC technology

Gang Dong, Wei Xiong, Zhao-yao Wu, Yin-tang Yang,gdong@mail.xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

Diversity Glass Antennas for Tri-Band WiFi Applications

Peng Fei Hu, Kwok Wa Leung, Kwai Man Luk, Yong Mei Pan, Shao Yong Zheng

Journal Article

The μ Robust Control Design for Mobile Satellite Antennas

Li Guo,Hu Jianfei,Ji Xianzheng

Journal Article

Optimal array factor radiation pattern synthesis for linear antenna array using cat swarm optimization: validation by an electromagnetic simulator

Gopi RAM, Durbadal MANDAL, Sakti Prasad GHOSHAL, Rajib KAR

Journal Article