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A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata Research Articles

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1441-1550 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000590

Abstract: New technologies such as have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for . The concept has been set in , the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by . This study will exemplify how fast and accurately works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.

Keywords： 量子点细胞自动机（QCA）；四值逻辑；量子点细胞自动模拟器（QCASim）；四值QCA（QQCA）；四值译码器；四值门    

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Design and analysis of carbon nanotube FET based quaternary full adders Article

Mohammad Hossein MOAIYERI,Shima SEDIGHIANI,Fazel SHARIFI,Keivan NAVI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1056-1066 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500214

Abstract: CMOS binary logic is limited by short channel effects, power density, and interconnection restrictions. The effective solution is non-silicon multiple-valued logic (MVL) computing. This study presents two high-performance quaternary full adder cells based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). The proposed designs use the unique properties of CNTFETs such as achieving a desired threshold voltage by adjusting the carbon nanotube diameters and having the same mobility as p-type and n-type devices. The proposed circuits were simulated under various test conditions using the Synopsys HSPICE simulator with the 32 nm Stanford comprehensive CNTFET model. The proposed designs have on average 32% lower delay, 68% average power, 83% energy consumption, and 77% static power compared to current state-of-the-art quaternary full adders. Simulation results indicated that the proposed designs are robust against process, voltage, and temperature variations, and are noise tolerant.

Keywords： Nanoelectronics     Carbon nanotube FET     Multiple-valued logic     Quaternary logic    

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The Strict Avalanche Criterion of Order k Spectral Properties of m-Valued Logical Functions

Guojinhui,LiShiqu

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 12,   Pages 45-48

Abstract:

Many cryptographic properties of m - valued logical functions are often described by their Chrestenson cyclic spectrums and auto-correlation functions, so Chrestenson cyclic spectrums and autocorrelation functions play important roles in properties and construct ions for m-valued logical functions. In this paper, in residue class ring Zm, the concept of the strict avalanche criterion of order k of m-valued logical functions is presented. Then, by applying probabilistic thought and methods, the rule that a w-valued logical function fulfills the SAC of lower order if it fulfills the SAC of higher order is proved. Finally, by Chrestenson cyclic spectrums, a necessary and sufficient condition on a m-valued logical function is given, which fulfills the strict avalanche criterion of order k.

Keywords： m-valued logical function     Chrestenson cyclic spectrum     auto-correlation function     the strict avalanche criterion    

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An algorithm for identifying symmetric variables based on the order eigenvalue matrix Article

Xiao-hua LI, Ji-zhong SHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 10,   Pages 1644-1653 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601052

Abstract: To simplify the process for identifying 12 types of symmetric variables in Boolean functions, we propose a new symmetry detection algorithm based on minterm expansion or the truth table. First, the order eigenvalue matrix based on a truth table is defined according to the symmetry definition of a logic variable. By analyzing the constraint conditions of the order eigenvalue matrix for 12 types of symmetric variables, an algorithm is proposed for identifying symmetric variables of the Boolean function. This algorithm can be applied to identify the symmetric variables of Boolean functions with or without don’t-care terms. The proposed method avoids the restriction by the number of logic variables of the graphical method, spectral coefficient methods, and AND-XOR expansion coefficient methods, and solves the problem of completeness in the fast compu-tation method. The algorithm has been implemented in C language and tested on MCNC91 benchmarks. The application results show that, compared with the traditional methods, the new algorithm is an optimal detection method in terms of the applicability of the number of logic variables, the Boolean function including don’t-care terms, detection type, and complexity of the identification process.

Keywords： Boolean function     Symmetric variable     Boolean logic algebra system     Order eigenvalue matrix     Truth table    

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Indeterminacy Causal Inductive Automatic Reasoning Mechanism Based On Fuzzy State Describing

Yang Bingru,Tang Jing

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 5,   Pages 44-50

Abstract:

New framework of knowledge representation of fuzzy language field and fuzzy language value structure is shown in this paper. Then the generalized cell automation that can synthetically process fuzzy indeterminacy and random indeterminacy and the generalized inductive logic causal model are brought forward. On this basis, the new logic indeterminate causal inductive automatic reasoning mechanism which is based on fuzzy state describing is brought forward. At the end of this paper its application in the development of intelligent controller is discussed.

Keywords： language field     language value structure     generalized cell automation     generalized inductive logic causal model     automatic reasoning     intelligent controller    

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Binary neural networks for speech recognition Regular Papers

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 5,   Pages 701-715 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800469

Abstract:

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) significantly outperform Gaussian mixture models in acoustic modeling for speech recognition. However, the substantial increase in computational load during the inference stage makes deep models difficult to directly deploy on low-power embedded devices. To alleviate this issue, structure sparseness and low precision fixed-point quantization have been applied widely. In this work, binary neural networks for speech recognition are developed to reduce the computational cost during the inference stage. A fast implementation of binary matrix multiplication is introduced. On modern central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures, a 5–7 times speedup compared with full precision floatingpoint matrix multiplication can be achieved in real applications. Several kinds of binary neural networks and related model optimization algorithms are developed for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition acoustic modeling. In addition, to improve the accuracy of binary models, knowledge distillation from the normal full precision floating-point model to the compressed binary model is explored. Experiments on the standard Switchboard speech recognition task show that the proposed binary neural networks can deliver 3–4 times speedup over the normal full precision deep models. With the knowledge distillation from the normal floating-point models, the binary DNNs or binary convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can restrict the word error rate (WER) degradation to within 15.0%, compared to the normal full precision floating-point DNNs or CNNs, respectively. Particularly for the binary CNN with binarization only on the convolutional layers, the WER degradation is very small and is almost negligible with the proposed approach.

Keywords： Speech recognition     Binary neural networks     Binary matrix multiplication     Knowledge distillation     Population count    

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Stochastic Earned Duration Analysis for Project Schedule Management Review

Fernando Acebes,David Poza,José Manuel González-Varona,Adolfo López-Paredes

Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 148-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.019

Abstract:

Earned duration management (EDM) is a methodology for project schedule management (PSM) that can be considered an alternative to earned value management (EVM). EDM provides an estimation of deviations in schedule and a final project duration estimation. There is a key difference between EDM and EVM: In EDM, the value of activities is expressed as work periods; whereas in EVM, value is expressed in terms of cost. In this paper, we present how EDM can be applied to monitor and control stochastic projects. To explain the methodology, we use a real case study with a project that presents a high level of uncertainty and activities with random durations. We analyze the usability of this approach according to the activities network topology and compare the EVM and earned schedule methodology (ESM) for PSM.

Keywords： Earned duration management     Earned value management     Stochastic project control     Duration forecasting     Uncertainty    

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Sampling formulas for 2D quaternionic signals associated with various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms Research Articles

Xiaoxiao HU, Dong CHENG, Kit Ian KOU,huxiaoxiao3650@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 463-478 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000499

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to study different types of sampling formulas of quaternionic functions, which are bandlimited under various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms. We show that the quaternionic bandlimited functions can be reconstructed from their samples as well as the samples of their derivatives and Hilbert transforms. In addition, the relationships among different types of sampling formulas under various transforms are discussed. First, if the quaternionic function is bandlimited to a rectangle that is symmetric about the origin, then the sampling formulas under various are identical. If this rectangle is not symmetric about the origin, then the sampling formulas under various are different from each other. Second, using the relationship between the two-sided quaternion Fourier transform and the linear canonical transform, we derive sampling formulas under various . Third, of these sampling formulas are estimated. Finally, some simulations are provided to show how the sampling formulas can be used in applications.

Keywords： Quaternion Fourier transforms     Quaternion linear canonical transforms     Sampling theorem     Quaternion partial and total Hilbert transforms     Generalized quaternion partial and total Hilbert transforms     Truncation errors    

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Proximal policy optimization with an integral compensator for quadrotor control Research

Huan Hu, Qing-ling Wang,qlwang@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 5,   Pages 649-808 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900641

Abstract: We use the advanced (PPO) algorithm to optimize the stochastic control strategy to achieve speed control of the “model-free” quadrotor. The model is controlled by four learned s, which directly map the system states to control commands in an end-to-end style. By introducing an integral compensator into the actor-critic framework, the speed tracking accuracy and robustness have been greatly enhanced. In addition, a two-phase learning scheme which includes both offline- and online-learning is developed for practical use. A model with strong generalization ability is learned in the offline phase. Then, the flight policy of the model is continuously optimized in the online learning phase. Finally, the performances of our proposed algorithm are compared with those of the traditional PID algorithm.

Keywords： 强化学习；近端策略优化；四旋翼控制；神经网络    

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Li Siguang and China's Big Discovery of Petroleum

Zhao Wenjing

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 26-34

Abstract:

The article reviewed the objective experience of petroleum prospecting and exploitation and the development of oil industry in China. It pointed out, with full historical materials, that Li Siguang made irreplaceable contribution to China's big discovery of petroleum.

Keywords： Li Siguang     China's oil resource     China's big discovery and development of petroleum    

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The Optimal Control Model of Reservoir Operations andSolving With Maximum Principle

Fang Qiang,Wang Xianjia, Fang Debin

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 55-59

Abstract:

This paper tries to describe the continuous transformation characteristic of reservoir operations with optimal control theory. After constructing the optimal control model of reservoir o perations, the paper presents the necessary condition of optimal control of reservoir operations using maximum principle and analyzes the characteristic and concrete expression of optimal control strategy of reservoir operations in different conditions and environment. At last, an analysis of a numerical example is presented and the results indicate the approach is valid.

Keywords： water conservancy management     optimal control model     maximum principle     reservoiroperations    

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Design of an eco-gearshift control strategy under a logic system framework Research Articles

Ming-xin KANG, Jin-wu GAO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 340-350 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900459

Abstract: Good access to traffic information provides enormous potential for automotive powertrain control. We propose a logical control approach for the gearshift strategy, aimed at improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles. The driver power demand in a specific position usually exhibits stochastic features and can be statistically analyzed in accordance with historical driving data and instant traffic conditions; therefore, it offers opportunities for the design of a gearshift control scheme. Due to the discrete characteristics of a gearshift, the control design of the gearshift strategy can be formulated under a logic system framework. To this end, vehicle dynamics are discretized with several logic states, and then modeled as a logic system with the Markov process model. The fuel optimization problem is constructed as a receding-horizon optimal control problem under the logic system framework, and a dynamic programming algorithm with algebraic operations is applied to determine the optimal strategy online. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control design has better potential for fuel efficiency improvement than the conventional method.

Keywords： Stochastic logic system     Gearshift strategy     Receding-horizon optimization     Traffic information     Eco-driving    

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Emergy evaluation of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther in industrial recirculating aquaculture

Wang Feng and Lei Jilin

Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 4-10

Abstract:

In order to preferably evaluate breeding effect and environmental sustainability of recirculating aquaculture mode， the emergy flow chart of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther in industrial recirculating aquaculture was built to analyze the emergy of different parts in the aquaculture mode. The results showed that： The environment emergy input occupied only 1.08 %， emergy yield ratio (EYR) was 2.433， emergy loading ratio (ELR) was 0.313 4， and emergy sustainable index (ESI) was 7.763， indicating that agricultural production was promoted to the level of industrialization with the use of this kind of aquaculture mode， which gains highly developed economic system and higher production efficiency； meanwhile， this kind of aquaculture mode greatly alleviates the pressure of environment and gains higher sustainability and carrying capacity.

Keywords： Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther     recirculating aquaculture     aquaculture mode     environmental sustainability     emergy    

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The Formation of Tetraploid Hybrids of Common Carp with Red Crucian Carp and the Evolutionary Significance of Tetraploidization in Vertebrate

Liu Shaojun,Cao Yunzhang,He Xiaoxiao,Li Jianzhong,Liu Yun

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 12,   Pages 33-41

Abstract:

In this paper, the number and karyotype of chromosomes, DNA content, the mean nuclear erythrocyte volume, gonads and gametes, embryo development, the mechanism of the tetraploid formation, and the appearance in tetraploid hybrid stocks of the red crucian carp (♀）× common carp (♂）were described. The tetraploid hybrids with stable genetic characteristics were inherited from F3 to F11 and a large population of tetraploid fish had been formed. The tetraploid hybrids were essentially different from their parents-red crucian carp and common carp in chromosome number, reproduction and appearance. Based on the genetic characteristics, the bisexual fertility and reproductive isolation, the tetraploid stocks had possessed the good base to form a new tetraploid species in the future. The formation of the new tetraploid stocks had great significance both in the evolutionary theory of vertebrate and in the production application.

Keywords： allotetraploid     triploid     diploid gamete     evolution    

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A quality requirements model and verification approach for system of systems based on description logic Article

Qing-long WANG,Zhi-xue WANG,Ting-ting ZHANG,Wei-xing ZHU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 3,   Pages 346-361 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500309

Abstract: System of systems engineering (SoSE) involves the complex procedure of translating capability needs into the high-level requirements for system of systems (SoS) and evaluating how the SoS quality requirements meet their capability needs. One of the key issues is to model the SoS requirements and automate the verification procedure. To solve the problem of modeling and verification, meta-models are proposed to refine both functional and non-functional characteristics of the SoS requirements. A domain-specific modeling language is defined by extending Unified Modeling Language (UML) class and association with fuzzy constructs to model the vague and uncertain concepts of the SoS quality requirements. The efficiency evaluation function of the cloud model is introduced to evaluate the efficiency of the SoS quality requirements. Then a concise algorithm transforms the fuzzy UML models into the description logic (DL) ontology so that the verification can be automated with a DL reasoner. This method implements modeling and verification of high-level SoS quality requirements. A crisp case is used to facilitate and demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of this method.

Keywords： System of systems (SoS)     Cloud model     Description logic (DL)     Requirements verification    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Journal Article

Design and analysis of carbon nanotube FET based quaternary full adders

Mohammad Hossein MOAIYERI,Shima SEDIGHIANI,Fazel SHARIFI,Keivan NAVI

Journal Article

The Strict Avalanche Criterion of Order k Spectral Properties of m-Valued Logical Functions

Guojinhui,LiShiqu

Journal Article

An algorithm for identifying symmetric variables based on the order eigenvalue matrix

Xiao-hua LI, Ji-zhong SHEN

Journal Article

Indeterminacy Causal Inductive Automatic Reasoning Mechanism Based On Fuzzy State Describing

Yang Bingru,Tang Jing

Journal Article

Binary neural networks for speech recognition

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Journal Article

Stochastic Earned Duration Analysis for Project Schedule Management

Fernando Acebes,David Poza,José Manuel González-Varona,Adolfo López-Paredes

Journal Article

Sampling formulas for 2D quaternionic signals associated with various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms

Xiaoxiao HU, Dong CHENG, Kit Ian KOU,huxiaoxiao3650@163.com

Journal Article

Proximal policy optimization with an integral compensator for quadrotor control

Huan Hu, Qing-ling Wang,qlwang@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Li Siguang and China's Big Discovery of Petroleum

Zhao Wenjing

Journal Article

The Optimal Control Model of Reservoir Operations andSolving With Maximum Principle

Fang Qiang,Wang Xianjia, Fang Debin

Journal Article

Design of an eco-gearshift control strategy under a logic system framework

Ming-xin KANG, Jin-wu GAO

Journal Article

Emergy evaluation of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther in industrial recirculating aquaculture

Wang Feng and Lei Jilin

Journal Article

The Formation of Tetraploid Hybrids of Common Carp with Red Crucian Carp and the Evolutionary Significance of Tetraploidization in Vertebrate

Liu Shaojun,Cao Yunzhang,He Xiaoxiao,Li Jianzhong,Liu Yun

Journal Article

A quality requirements model and verification approach for system of systems based on description logic

Qing-long WANG,Zhi-xue WANG,Ting-ting ZHANG,Wei-xing ZHU

Journal Article