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Beam squint effect on high-throughput millimeter-wave communication with an ultra-massive phased array

Zhiqiang Wang, Jiawei Liu, Jun Wang, Guangrong Yue,wangzq@std.uestc.edu.cn,842927584@qq.com,junwang@uestc.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 560-570 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000451

Abstract: An can be deployed in high-throughput communication systems to increase the transmission distance. However, when the signal bandwidth is large, the antenna array response changes with the frequency, causing . In this paper, we investigate the effect on a high-throughput mmWave communication system with the single-carrier frequency-domain equalization transmission scheme. Specifically, we first view analog beamforming and the physical channel as a spatial equivalent channel. The characteristics of the spatial equivalent channel are analyzed which behaves like frequency-selective fading. To eliminate the deep fading points in the spatial equivalent channel, an advanced analog beamforming method is proposed based on the (ZC) sequence. Then, the low-complexity linear zero-forcing and minimum mean squared error equalizers are considered at the receiver. Simulation results indicate that the proposed ZC-based analog beamforming method can effectively mitigate the performance loss by the .

Keywords： 超大规模相控阵；毫米波；波束倾斜；Zadoff-Chu；单载波频域均衡    

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High-throughput millimeter-wave wireless communications

Wei Hong, Guangrong Yue, Xiaohu Ge, Haiming Wang,weihong@seu.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn,xhge@mail.hust.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 437-440 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2120000

Abstract: Electronic components face a declining performance and elevated power consumption with the increase of the signal frequency; thus, it is mandatory that new circuit structures, materials, and manufacturing processes can meet the requirements of higher throughput and robustness. In short, the evolution of existing 5G and the development of 6G standard put mmWave wireless communications against numerous challenges. The overall performance improvement of existing mmWave wireless communication systems will inevitably rely on the upgrade of components, signal processing methods, and system schemes. The evolution and innovation of channel models, components, and system design can also pave the way for new applications. In this context, the journal of Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering organized a special issue on high-throughput mmWave wireless communications. This special issue covers mmWave channel models, system designs, and components, and is intended to review the advances and future research directions in the field of mmWave wireless communication research. After rigorous review processes, 13 papers authored by researchers worldwide have been selected for this issue, including two review articles, 10 research articles, and one correspondence.
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Forward link outage performance of aeronautical broadband satellite communications Research Articles

Huaicong Kong, Min Lin, Shiwen He, Xiaoyu Liu, Jian Ouyang, Weiping Zhu,linmin@njupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 790-801 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000445

Abstract: High-throughput satellites (HTSs) play an important role in future millimeter-wave (mmWave) aeronautical communication to meet high speed and broad bandwidth requirements. This paper investigates the outage performance of an aeronautical broadband satellite communication system’s forward link, where the feeder link from the gateway to the HTS uses and the user link from the HTS to aircraft operates at the mmWave band. In the user link, spot beam technology is exploited at the HTS and a massive antenna array is deployed at the aircraft. We first present a location-based beamforming (BF) scheme to maximize the expected output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the forward link with the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, which turns out to be a phased array. Then, by supposing that the FSO feeder link follows Gamma-Gamma fading whereas the mmWave user link experiences shadowed Rician fading, we take the influence of the into account, and derive the closed-form expression of the (OP) for the considered system. To gain further insight, a simple asymptotic OP expression at a high SNR is provided to show the diversity order and coding gain. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis and reveal the effects of s on the system outage performance.

Keywords： 航空宽带卫星网络；自由空间光传输；高通量毫米波通信；中断概率；相位误差    

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Prior information based channel estimation for millimeter-wave massive MIMO vehicular communications in 5G and beyond Research Articles

Zhao Yi, Weixia Zou, Xuebin Sun,yz17tx@bupt.edu.cn,zwx0218@bupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 777-789 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000515

Abstract: (mmWave) has been claimed as the viable solution for high-bandwidth s in 5G and beyond. To realize applications in future s, it is important to take a robust mmWave vehicular network into consideration. However, one challenge in such a network is that mmWave should provide an ultra-fast and high-rate data exchange among vehicles or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Moreover, traditional real-time strategies are unavailable because vehicle mobility leads to a fast variation mmWave channel. To overcome these issues, a approach for mmWave V2I communications is proposed in this paper. Specifically, by considering a fast-moving vehicle secnario, a corresponding mathematical model for a fast channel is first established. Then, the temporal variation rule between the base station and each mobile user and the determined direction-of-arrival are used to predict the channel prior information (PI). Finally, by exploiting the PI and the characteristics of the channel, the channel is estimated. The simulation results show that the scheme in this paper outperforms traditional ones in both normalized mean square error and sum-rate performance in the mmWave vehicular system.

Keywords： 大规模多入多出；毫米波；信道估计；车辆通信；时变    

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Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 503-516 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000464

Abstract: With the increased demand for unmanned driving technology and big-data transmission between vehicles, (mmWave) technology, due to its characteristics of large bandwidth and low latency, is considered to be the key technology in future vehicular communication systems. Different from traditional cellular communication, the vehicular communication environment has the characteristics of long distance and high moving speed. However, the existing communication channel tests mostly select low-speed and small-range communication scenarios for testing. The test results are insufficient to provide good data support for the existing vehicular communication research; therefore, in this paper, we carry out a large number of channel measurements in mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) long-distance communication scenarios in the 41 GHz band. We study the received signal strength (RSS) in detail and find that the vibration features of RSS can be best modeled by the modified considering road roughness. Based on the obtained RSS, a novel close-in (CI) model considering the effect of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antenna heights (CI-TRH model) is developed. As for the channel characteristics, the distribution of the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is analyzed. We also extend the two-section exponential (PDP) model to a more general form so that the distance-dependent features of the mmWave channel can be better modeled. Furthermore, the variation in both RMS delay spread and PDP shape parameters with TX-RX distance is analyzed. Analysis results show that TX and RX antenna heights have an effect on large-scale fading. Our modified , CI-TRH model, and two-section exponential PDP model are proved to be effective.

Keywords： 毫米波；两径模型；均方根时延扩展；功率延迟分布；CI-TRH路径损耗模型    

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Polarizationmultiplexing based duplex radio-over-fiber link for millimeterwave signal transmission to a ring of multiple radio access units None

Tayyab MEHMOOD, Hina QAYYUM, Salman GHAFOOR

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 2,   Pages 300-306 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700056

Abstract:

A radio-over-fiber (RoF) distributed antenna system (DAS) architecture is proposed, where millimeter wave (mm-wave) signals are transmitted to four different radio access units (RAUs) arranged in a ring topology. The proposed architecture transmits duplex data of 128 Mb/s to each RAU in both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) directions. The radio frequency (RF) signals are transmitted by polarization multiplexing a multi-wavelength source. Millimeter-wave signals at a frequency of 25 GHz are generated at each RAU using remote heterodyne detection. The proposed architecture provides increased coverage while maintaining good bit error rate (BER) results.

Keywords： Radio over fiber     Millimeter wave     Radio access units    

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Radio propagation measurement and cluster-based analysis for millimeter-wave cellular systems in dense urban environments

Peize Zhang, Haiming Wang, Wei Hong,pzzhang@seu.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn,weihong@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 471-487 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000489

Abstract: The deployment of millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems in dense urban environments with an acceptable coverage and cost-efficient transmission scheme is essential for the rollout of fifth-generation and beyond technology. In this paper, cluster-based analysis of mmWave channel characteristics in two typical dense urban environments is performed. First, radio campaigns are conducted in two identified mmWave bands of 28 and 39 GHz in a central business district and a dense residential area. The custom-designed channel sounder supports high-efficiency directional scanning sounding, which helps collect sufficient data for statistical channel modeling. Next, using an improved auto- algorithm, multipath clusters and their scattering sources are identified. An appropriate measure for inter- and intra-cluster characteristics is provided, which includes the cluster number, the Ricean -factor, root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread, RMS angular spread, and their correlations. Comparisons of these parameters across two mmWave bands for both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-light-of-sight (NLoS) links are given. To shed light on the blockage effects, detailed analysis of the propagation mechanisms corresponding to each NLoS cluster is provided, including reflection from exterior walls and over building corners and rooftops. Finally, the results show that the cluster-based analysis takes full advantage of mmWave beamspace channel characteristics and has further implications for the design and deployment of mmWave wireless networks.

Keywords： 毫米波通信；分簇；绕射；多路通道；传播测量    

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Modeling and performance analysis of OAM-GSM millimeter-wave wireless communication systems

Qi Zhang, Xusheng Xiong, Qiang Li, Tao Han, Yi Zhong,qiqiz@hust.edu.cn,xiongxusheng@hust.edu.cn,qli_patrick@hust.edu.cn,hantao@hust.edu.cn,yzhong@hust.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 527-547 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000444

Abstract: In recent years, the conventional degrees of freedom in frequency and time have been fully used. It is difficult to further improve the performance of communication systems with such degrees of freedom. , which provides a new degree of freedom for millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems, has been recognized as a key enabling technique for future mobile communication networks. By combining OAM beams that have theoretically infinite and mutually orthogonal states with the strategy, a new OAM-GSM mmWave wireless communication system is designed in this paper. A model of the OAM-GSM system is established based on channel flip precoding. The , , and BER of the proposed OAM-GSM mmWave wireless communication system are simulated. Numerical results show that, compared with traditional GSM systems, the OAM-GSM system has more complex transmission and reception mechanisms but the and maximum achievable are increased by 80% and 54%, respectively, and the BER drops by 91.5%.

Keywords： 轨道角动量；广义空间调制；毫米波通信；信道容量；能量效率；误比特率    

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Integrated communication and localization in millimeter-wave systems

Jie Yang, Jing Xu, Xiao Li, Shi Jin, Bo Gao,yangjie@seu.edu.cn,shadowaccountxj@foxmail.com,li_xiao@seu.edu.cn,jinshi@seu.edu.cn,gao.bo1@zte.com.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 457-470 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000505

Abstract: As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system is being commercialized, extensive studies on the evolution of 5G and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems have been conducted. Future mobile communication systems are evidently evolving toward a more intelligent and software-reconfigurable functionality paradigm that can provide ubiquitous communication, as well as sense, control, and optimize wireless environments. Thus, integrating communication and localization using the highly directional transmission characteristics of millimeter waves (mmWaves) is a promising route. This approach not only expands the localization capabilities of a communication system but also provides new concepts and opportunities to enhance communication. In this paper, we explain the in mmWave systems, in which these processes share the same set of hardware architecture and algorithms. We also provide an overview of the key enabling technologies and the basic knowledge on localization. Then, we provide two promising directions for studies on localization with an and model-based (or model-driven) . We also discuss a comprehensive guidance for location-assisted mmWave communications in terms of channel estimation, channel state information feedback, beam tracking, synchronization, interference control, resource allocation, and user selection. Finally, we outline the future trends on the mutual assistance and enhancement of communication and localization in integrated systems.

Keywords： 毫米波；通信定位一体化；位置辅助通信；超大规模天线阵列；可重构智能表面；人工智能；神经网络    

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Study on motion compensation method for MMW Chirp － SF radar

Wang Guili,Li Xingguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 7,   Pages 184-187

Abstract:

MMW Chirp - SF radar is a kind of radar to get high range resolution, but the problem of rangevelocity coupling is serious. So it is necessary to carry out the motion compensation in order to increase the range resolution of moving target. This paper puts forward a velocity measurement method compounding the Pulse Doppler velocity measurement and the time-domain correlation method based on Chirp - SF signal. The simulations results show that this method can be used to measure velocity accurately with simple arithmetic and high speed.

Keywords： MMW radar     Chirp - SF     Doppler     motion compensation    

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Extended Hemispherical Lens and Its Applications in Millimeter Wave Focal Imaging Systems

Sun Zhongliang,Dou Wenbin

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 42-47

Abstract:

Recently millimeter wave imaging absorbs many attentions. Especially much research work has been done on the millimeter focal imaging because of its advantage of real time imaging. This paper analyzes extended hemispherical lens, which can be used in focal imaging. An integrated antenna array is placed at the back plane of the lens to receive the power focused by the lens. This structure can eliminate the effect of the surface wave exited in the thick dielectric substrates at millimeter wave wavelengths. Low loss and compact are its merit. Assuming an electromagnetic wave is incident on the lens surface, the field distribution in focal space of the lens is analyzed by using Stratton-Chu formula and ray tracing method. It will provide much information about the imaging performance of the lens. Experiments have been carried out for two types of incident waves, one is normally incident plane wave and another is Gaussian-beam. Good agreement has been found between experiments and calculation results. The lens antenna also can be used to eliminate the transition between paraboloidal antenna and integrated front-end in conventional integrated millimeter wave systems so that the system loss can be decreased and performance can be improved. Furthermore, the lens can be used to couple with a quasi-optical system. The results presented here will provide useful guidelines for the above mentioned applications.

Keywords： millimeter waves     antennas     imaging     extended hemispherical lens    

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The application of advanced threshold denoising tothe MMW target radiation signal

Fan Qinghui,Li Xingguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 7,   Pages 153-157

Abstract:

In this paper based on the characteristics of millimeter wave radiation signal for wavelet transform, non-negative wavelet coefficient is used as the wavelet coefficient of the signal. For a given threshold value, the wavelet coefficient which is smaller than the threshold is set zero and the wavelet coefficient which is larger than the threshold is set the difference between the coefficient and a constant a.The method for valuing a is inferred by the variance function of signal, and the experiments show that it has good ability of removing the noise in MMW target radiation signal.

Keywords： The application of advanced threshold denoising tothe MMW target radiation signal    

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Simulation on Hitting Probability of MMW Remote ControllingTrajectory Correction Munition Intercepting Mobile Anti-ship Missile

Hu Ronglin,Li Xingguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 10,   Pages 65-70

Abstract:

The basic principle of millimeter wave remote controlling munitions (MMW-RCTCM) is demonstrated in the introduction.  Then the concept of correctable intercepting flow is proposed.  And the anti-air shooting model of millimeter wave remote controlling munitions (MMW-RCTCM) intercepting mobile anti-ship missile (MACM) is established in section 2 and 3.  Subsequently,  the hitting probability of single MMW-RCTCM vs.  single MACM as well as MMW-RCTCM flow vs.  single MACM and MMW-RCTCM flow vs.  MACM flow are analyzedin detail.  The probabilities of the above are simulated based on the parameters of the two sides of attacking and intercepting in the 5th section.  It is illustrated that comparing with the non-controlling munitions,  the efficiency of MMW-RCTCM is increased remarkably.  At the last,  it is concluded that the MMW-RCTCM can resist the attacking of saturate flow; ultra-sonic MACM.

Keywords： MMW     remote controlling     trajectory correction munitions     correctable intercepting flow     anti-ship missile     hitting probability    

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Near range millimeter wave synthetic aperture radiometer passive range measurement

Wang Benqing,Li Xingguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 95-99

Abstract:

The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computation, which not only can search solutions randomly and fully, but also is convenient to be carried out. Hence, the article focuses on the application of PSO to the multiple-objective coordination optimization of project, looking forward to seeking best solutions easily and quickly. After introducing the basic theory of the algorithms and its several versions, the article aims at the efficiency coefficient of quality, cost, time and resource subsystem, and set up a multiple optimization coordination model. In the following part, the article introduces how to apply PSO to solve the project coordination optimization problem in detail. The numeric example followed indicates that PSO can solve the multiple-objectives coordination optimization problem of project exactly and quickly.

Keywords： Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)     project management     efficiency coefficient of coordination     multiple optimization coordination model     numeric example    

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Passive millimeter-wave target recognition based on Laplacian eigenmaps

Luo Lei,Li Yuehua,Luan Yinghong

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 77-81

Abstract:

Aiming at the disadvantages of feature extraction and selection in the traditional method for passive millimeter-wave (MMW) metal target recognition, the existence and characteristics of low dimensional manifold of the short-time Fourier spectrum of metal target echo signal are explored using manifold learning algorithm, Laplacian eigenmaps. Target classification is performed through comparing the similarity of the test samples and the positive class in terms of the low dimensional manifold. The experiments show that the method gets higher recognition rate than other linear and kernel-based nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm, and is robust to data aliasing.

Keywords： manifold learning     Laplacian eigenmaps     nonlinear dimensionality reduction     low dimensional manifold     MMW    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Beam squint effect on high-throughput millimeter-wave communication with an ultra-massive phased array

Zhiqiang Wang, Jiawei Liu, Jun Wang, Guangrong Yue,wangzq@std.uestc.edu.cn,842927584@qq.com,junwang@uestc.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn

Journal Article

High-throughput millimeter-wave wireless communications

Wei Hong, Guangrong Yue, Xiaohu Ge, Haiming Wang,weihong@seu.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn,xhge@mail.hust.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Forward link outage performance of aeronautical broadband satellite communications

Huaicong Kong, Min Lin, Shiwen He, Xiaoyu Liu, Jian Ouyang, Weiping Zhu,linmin@njupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

Prior information based channel estimation for millimeter-wave massive MIMO vehicular communications in 5G and beyond

Zhao Yi, Weixia Zou, Xuebin Sun,yz17tx@bupt.edu.cn,zwx0218@bupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Journal Article

Polarizationmultiplexing based duplex radio-over-fiber link for millimeterwave signal transmission to a ring of multiple radio access units

Tayyab MEHMOOD, Hina QAYYUM, Salman GHAFOOR

Journal Article

Radio propagation measurement and cluster-based analysis for millimeter-wave cellular systems in dense urban environments

Peize Zhang, Haiming Wang, Wei Hong,pzzhang@seu.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn,weihong@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Modeling and performance analysis of OAM-GSM millimeter-wave wireless communication systems

Qi Zhang, Xusheng Xiong, Qiang Li, Tao Han, Yi Zhong,qiqiz@hust.edu.cn,xiongxusheng@hust.edu.cn,qli_patrick@hust.edu.cn,hantao@hust.edu.cn,yzhong@hust.edu.cn

Journal Article

Integrated communication and localization in millimeter-wave systems

Jie Yang, Jing Xu, Xiao Li, Shi Jin, Bo Gao,yangjie@seu.edu.cn,shadowaccountxj@foxmail.com,li_xiao@seu.edu.cn,jinshi@seu.edu.cn,gao.bo1@zte.com.cn

Journal Article

Study on motion compensation method for MMW Chirp － SF radar

Wang Guili,Li Xingguo

Journal Article

Extended Hemispherical Lens and Its Applications in Millimeter Wave Focal Imaging Systems

Sun Zhongliang,Dou Wenbin

Journal Article

The application of advanced threshold denoising tothe MMW target radiation signal

Fan Qinghui,Li Xingguo

Journal Article

Simulation on Hitting Probability of MMW Remote ControllingTrajectory Correction Munition Intercepting Mobile Anti-ship Missile

Hu Ronglin,Li Xingguo

Journal Article

Near range millimeter wave synthetic aperture radiometer passive range measurement

Wang Benqing,Li Xingguo

Journal Article

Passive millimeter-wave target recognition based on Laplacian eigenmaps

Luo Lei,Li Yuehua,Luan Yinghong

Journal Article