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Plasma transthyretin is a nutritional biomarker in human morbidities

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 540-550 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0940-3

Abstract: Transthyretin (TTR) is a small liver-secreted plasma protein that shows close correlations with changes in lean body mass (LBM) during the entire human lifespan and agglomerates the bulk of nitrogen (N)-containing substrates, hence constituting the cornerstone of body building. Amino acids (AAs) dietary restriction causes inhibition of TTR production and impairs the accretion of LBM reserves. Inflammatory disorders result in cytokine-induced abrogation of TTR synthesis and urinary leakage of nitrogenous catabolites. Taken together, the data indicate that malnutrition and inflammation may similarly suppress the production of TTR through distinct and unrelated pathophysiological mechanisms while operating in concert to downsize LBM stores. The hepatic synthesis of TTR integrates both machineries, acting as a marker of reduced LBM resources still available for defense and repair processes. TTR operates as a universal surrogate analyte that allows for the grading of residual LBM capacity to reflect disease burden. Measurement of TTR is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive micro-method that may be reproduced on a daily basis, hence ideally suited for the follow-up of the most intricated clinical situations and as a reliable predictor of any morbidity outcome.

Keywords： lean body mass nutritional status transthyretin malnutrition inflammation amyloidosis

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USING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RUMINAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RUMINANTS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 390-402 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023504

Abstract:

● Microbial fermentation in the rumen is a main source of methane emissions.

Keywords： nutritional strategy mitigation microbe methane ruminant

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Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 285-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016119

Abstract: Genetic engineering provides promising approaches to improve nutritional value and increase resistance

Keywords： Manihot esculenta protein enhancement RNA interference transgenesis virus resistance

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Autophagy and the nutritional signaling pathway

Long HE,Shabnam ESLAMFAM,Xi MA,Defa LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 222-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016106

Abstract: During their growth and development, animals adapt to tremendous changes in order to survive. These include responses to both environmental and physiological changes and autophagy is one of most important adaptive and regulatory mechanisms. Autophagy is defined as an autolytic process to clear damaged cellular organelles and recycle the nutrients via lysosomic degradation. The process of autophagy responds to special conditions such as nutrient withdrawal. Once autophagy is induced, phagophores form and then elongate and curve to form autophagosomes. Autophagosomes then engulf cargo, fuse with endosomes, and finally fuse with lysosomes for maturation. During the initiation process, the ATG1/ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase 1) and VPS34 (which encodes a class III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase) complexes are critical in recruitment and assembly of other complexes required for autophagy. The process of autophagy is regulated by autophagy related genes (ATGs). Amino acid and energy starvation mediate autophagy by activating mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the energy status sensor, the core nutrient signaling component and the metabolic kinase of cells. This review mainly focuses on the mechanism of autophagy regulated by nutrient signaling especially for the two important complexes, ULK1 and VPS34.

Keywords： Autophagy ULK1 complex VPS34 complex AMPK mTOR nutrient signaling

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The Nutritional Support After Liver Transplantation

Fei Jia,Leng Xisheng,Peng Jirun

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 24-29

Abstract:

The nutritional state of the recipient of liver transplantation, the determination and the correctionof the nutritional state before surgery, the function of the liver graft, the principle and practiceof the nutritional support after surgery and the nutritional support in child undergone transplantation

Keywords： liver transplantation after surgery nutritional support

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

Abstract: It also has high nutritional value.

Keywords： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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Achievements in burn surgery over the past 50 years in China

WANG Shiliang

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 332-336 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0063-5

Abstract: burns, resuscitation, anti-infection, prevention and cure of internal organ injuries, metabolic and nutritional

Keywords： immunology scientific nutritional microbiology engineering

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Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rattan LAL

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 251-253 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020329

Abstract:

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.

Keywords： soil quality humanity planet climate change soil carbon sequestration food and nutritional security

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Dietary Lipid Intervention in the Prevention of Brain Aging

Wei Xiong,Bing Fang,Xiaoyu Wang,Ming Zhang,Min Du,Jiazeng Sun,Juan Chen,Yixuan Li,Changhao Sun,Xingen Lei,Xue Zhang,Fazheng Ren,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.012

Abstract: As people live longer, the burden of aging-related brain diseases, especially dementia, is increasing. Brain aging increases the risk of cognitive impairment, which manifests as a progressive loss of neuron function caused by the impairment of synaptic plasticity via disrupting lipid homeostasis. Therefore, supplemental dietary lipids have the potential to prevent brain aging. This review summarizes the important roles of dietary lipids in brain function from both structure and mechanism perspectives. Epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence of the functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in brain health. The results of interventions indicate that phospholipids—including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and plasmalogen—are efficient in alleviating cognitive impairment during aging, with plasmalogen exhibiting higher efficacy than phosphatidylserine. Plasmalogen is a recognized nutrient used in clinical trials due to its special vinyl ether bonds and abundance in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. Future research should determine the dose-dependent effects of plasmalogen in alleviating brain-aging diseases and should develop extraction and storage procedures for its clinical application.

Keywords： Brain aging Nutritional intervention Phospholipids Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylserine Plasmalogen

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Genetic variation of carotenoids in Chinese bread wheat cultivars and the effect of the 1BL.1RS translocation

Wenshuang LI,Shengnan ZHAI,Hui JIN,Weie WEN,Jindong LIU,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 124-130 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016094

Abstract: Carotenoid content of wheat is an important criterion for prediction of the commercial and nutritional

Keywords： Triticum aestivum carotenoids nutritional quality UPLC

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National Food Security Strategy in the New Situation

Tan Guangwan, Wang Xiudong, Wang Jimin, Mei Xurong, Liu Xu

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 4, Pages 1-13 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.005

Abstract: address the prominent problems regarding food security in China in terms of farmland, supply chain, nutritionalexpand food supply chains, and enhance risk control, thereby ensuring the quantity, quality, and nutritional

Keywords： food security an all-encompassing approach to food food supply chain nutritional structure food derogation

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Nutritional and Metabolic Consequences of Feeding High-Fiber Diets to Swine: A Review

Atta K. Agyekum, C. Martin Nyachoti

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 716-725 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.010

Abstract:

At present, substantial amounts of low-cost, fibrous co-products are incorporated into pig diets to reduce the cost of raising swine. However, diets that are rich in fiber are of low nutritive value because pigs cannot degrade dietary fiber. In addition, high-fiber diets have been associated with reduced nutrient utilization and pig performance. However, recent reports are often contradictory and the negative effects of high-fiber diets are influenced by the fiber source, type, and inclusion level. In addition, the effects of dietary fiber on pig growth and physiological responses are often confounded by the many analytical methods that are used to measure dietary fiber and its components. Several strategies have been employed to ameliorate the negative effects associated with the ingestion of high-fiber diets in pigs and to improve the nutritive value of such diets. Exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes are widely used to improve nutrient utilization and pig performance. However, the results of research reports have not been consistent and there is a need to elucidate the mode of action of exogenous enzymes on the metabolic and physiological responses in pigs that are fed high-fiber diets. On the other hand, dietary fiber is increasingly used as a means of promoting pig gut health and gestating sow welfare. In this review, dietary fiber and its effects on pig nutrition, gut physiology, and sow welfare are discussed. In addition, areas that need further research are suggested to gain more insight into dietary fiber and into the use of exogenous enzymes to improve the utilization of high-fiber diets by pigs.

Keywords： Gut physiology High-fiber diets Nutrient utilization Pigs Sow welfare