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The main achievements in the past 24 years and the prospects of mechanism research in China

ZOU Hui-jun, ZHANG Long, ZHANG Qing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 249-259 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0038-7

摘要： Since 1982, the symposiums on mechanism in China has been held fifteen times. In the past 24 years, Chinese mechanism has experienced a phenomenal development. Generally, fundamental research on traditional mechanisms is enhanced; mechanism and creative design of products are closely combined; modern mechanism with advanced and new technology is opened up; and mechanism is promoted to modernization. These are manifested in the following aspects: theory research on analysis and synthesis of traditional mechanism is deeply developed; computer-aided design on mechanisms is realized vigorously; conceptual design of mechanism system and mechanical products is energetically pushed; research on robot mechanisms and its industrial application is deeply developed; research on analysis and synthesis of controllable mechanisms and compliant mechanisms are energetically carried out; research on the dynamics of mechanisms and machines is vigorously developed; and reformation of teaching contents and system of mechanism is energetically carried out. Through the above-mentioned aspects of theory research and practical application, the theoretical and academic levels of Chinese mechanism can be considered at the advanced international level. However, there are not many original and breakthrough research achievements of fundamental research in China. In the meantime, there is a larger gap in the aspect of practical application of mechanism in the country compared with advanced countries in the world.

关键词： above-mentioned developed Generally reformation breakthrough research

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我国智能制造发展实践及突破路径研究

周勇,赵聃,刘志迎

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 48-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.025

摘要：

智能制造成为现代制造发展的必然趋势，既是“中国制造 2025”的主攻方向，也是我国制造业由大到强的必由之路。开展关于智能制造突破瓶颈的研究，对于推动制造业高质量发展、加快工业转型升级具有积极意义，也是践行“四个面向”的重要举措。本文系统梳理了我国智能制造发展实践，从智能制造战略布局、项目试点示范、产业集聚区分布、发展阶段研判等维度对其基本特征进行总结，深入剖析了发展过程中存在的问题。研究发现，现行的支持智能制造发展的部分标准、政策、技术、人才、财税等已不能适应新时期发展要求，在“十四五”时期，有必要从政策标准、核心技术、支撑要素等方面精准施策，以推动智能制造高质量发展。具体而言，应加强顶层设计，完善政策标准体系；强化战略布局，突破关键核心技术；健全制度保障，强化关键要素支撑。

关键词：智能制造政策标准核心技术支撑要素突破路径高质量发展

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SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 196-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine immune escape breakthrough prevention

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近六年《麻省理工科技评论》“全球十大突破性技术”解析与启示

屠海令,孙棕檀,姚源,徐源

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 85-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.015

摘要：

《麻省理工科技评论》自2001年起每年发布“全球十大突破性技术”，关注技术的商业应用潜力及其对人类生活和社会的重大影响。本文从技术影响类型、技术领域等角度入手，对《麻省理工科技评论》近六年发布的60项突破性技术进行深入理解和分析，为准确把握未来产业动态和科技趋势提供借鉴。

关键词：科技评论 “全球十大突破性技术” 商业产业社会

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Enrichment of CO from syngas with Cu(I)Y adsorbent by five-bed VPSA

Shuna LI, Huawei YANG, Donghui ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 472-481 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1351-4

摘要： Cu(I)Y adsorbent was prepared by reduction of Cu(II)Y which was prepared by ion exchange between the NaY zeolite and a solution of Cu(II) chloride. The dynamic adsorption capacity of Cu(I)Y for CO was calculated by adsorption breakthrough curve measured on a fixed bed at 30°C and 0.006 MPa (g) of CO partial pressure. The calculated CO adsorption capacity was 2.14 mmol/g, 37.5 times as much as that of NaY zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curve experiment was also simulated with Aspen Adsorption software and the results were approximately consistent with experimental results. Then a five-bed VPSA process for separating CO from syngas on this adsorbent was dynamically simulated with Aspen Adsorption software with the adsorption pressure of 0.68 MPa (g) and the desorption pressure of -0.075 MPa (g). The results showed that CO was enriched from 32.3% to 95.16%–98.12%, and its recovery was 88.47%–99.44%.

关键词： Cu(I)Y adsorbent breakthrough curve desorption VPSA simulation

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新型低碳制冷剂的制造技术在中国实现新突破和产业化

王树华, 朱伟东, 张彦, 苏丽红, 杨波

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第3期页码 280-280 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.001

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数字化设计类工业软件发展策略研究

高亮 ,李培根 ,黄培 ,杨震 ,高杰

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 254-262 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.017

摘要：

数字化设计类工业软件是智能制造的“第一步”、工业软件的“中流砥柱”，但国内相关产业的发展水平与国际前沿差距较大，亟需着力提升以支撑中国制造迈入国际先进行列。本文论述了数字化设计类工业软件的重要价值，整理了国内外工业软件的发展现状，剖析了我国相关产业发展面临的挑战；提炼了数字化设计类工业软件领域的重点突破方向，涵盖结构计算机辅助设计 / 计算机辅助工程软件与优化软件无缝集成、几何特征驱动设计 / 分析 / 优化的一体化软件、多体 / 多态 / 多物理场耦合的仿真计算与分析、工业软件的云端化和用户可定制化、算法策略支撑的计算机异构并行。研究建议，梳理细分领域、精准制定行业扶持政策，促进软件企业优势互补、制定国内统一标准，给予定向扶持、拓展中小型企业客户市场，完善人才培育机制、聚集高端研发人才，深化基础研究、发挥国内创新市场优势，以此促进我国数字化设计类工业软件产业的稳健发展。

关键词：工业软件；数字化设计；智能制造；产业瓶颈；突破方向

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Kawai型碳化钨多面砧压机的压力突破 Review

Takayuki Ishii, 刘兆东, Tomoo Katsura

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 434-440 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.013

摘要：

在众多领域中都需要扩大Kawai型碳化钨（tungsten carbide, WC）多面砧压机的压力范围，尤其是在地球科学领域。然而，40年来，在压力产生方面没有取得重大进展。我们最近的研究已经将采用碳化钨压砧的Kawai型多面砧压机的压力产生范围扩大到65 GPa，这是该装置高压产生范围的世界纪录，比传统压力产生范围增大了2.5倍以上。我们还成功地在高温下产生了约50 GPa的压力。本文回顾了我们最近发展的高压技术。室温和高温下高压的产生是通过以下技术的结合来实现的：①精确对准的滑块系统；②高硬度的二级压砧；③二级砧面锥形化；④由高体积模量材料组成的高压腔体；⑤炉体隔热性高。我们的高压技术将有助于研究在下地幔上部条件下材料的相稳定性和物理性质，并且能够合成和表征新材料。

关键词：高压多面砧压机碳化钨压砧烧结的金刚石压砧下地幔

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国产首制大型邮轮总装能力建设与产业发展研究

易国伟,陈刚,刘佩,冯妮,李华军

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 113-122 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.005

摘要：

邮轮产业是我国“十四五”时期经济供给侧结构性改革的重要支点和推动力，而大型邮轮建造是典型的复合型、定制型、巨系统工程，也是我国迄今唯一有待攻克的高技术船舶产品。本文着眼国产邮轮总装建造与产业发展问题，在研判欧洲大型邮轮建造模式、注重结合我国船舶建造特点的基础上，系统总结了国产首制大型邮轮总装实践；论述了邮轮整体布局、技术能力、供应链能力、关键建造技术方面的前沿进展与工程经验，梳理了邮轮项目组织及流程、工程指挥、技术及建造方面的管理能力建设成效，从营运能力、制造能力、服务能力、“产学研”结合等要素构成的角度展望我国邮轮建造产业发展方向。构建中国特色邮轮总装建造体系，确保国产首制邮轮的优质建造与成功交付。

关键词：大型邮轮总装建造技术能力供应链系统工程

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渤海辽东带地质认识的突破与金县1-1大油田的发现

邓运华

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 13-18

摘要：

辽东带系指渤海辽中凹陷的东部陡坡带及辽东凸起，被辽中及辽东凹陷所夹持。辽东带油源条件好，东营组储—盖条件优越，断鼻、断块圈闭发育。但在2002年之前的15年内，国内外公司在辽东带进行了长期研究和勘探，钻了12口探井，没有发现商业油气田。经过对辽东带油气地质条件3年的深入研究，对每口失利井原因进行了再次分析，认识到该带发育东营组及沙河街组两套主力成藏组合，控制东营组成藏的主要因素是油气运移，而沙河街组能否成藏关键是储层。在此认识指导下选择研究方向，评价有利目标，经钻探发现了金县1-1大油田，储量达1.5×10⁸ m³，充分显示了科研在油气勘探中的作用。

关键词：渤海辽东带金县1-1 地质认识大油田

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突破列车脱轨难题的能量随机分析道路

曾庆元,向俊,娄平

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 9-20

摘要：

综述了列车脱轨的国内外研究现状；分析了脱轨研究中的主要问题为：各国制订的规范标准不能预防列车脱轨，未抓住主要矛盾，脱轨计算理论存在三个根本问题——列车轨道(或桥梁)时变系统振动方程组解的唯一性无保证，横向振动的激振源不清楚，该时变系统振动的随机分析问题未解决；提出了一条突破列车脱轨难题的能量随机分析道路、预防脱轨措施及抗脱轨安全系数的计算方法；计算了四个列车脱轨实例，计算结果均与实际发生的脱轨事故和脱轨试验测出的车辆振动响应符合。

关键词：列车脱轨能量随机分析能量增量准则预防脱轨措施抗脱轨安全系数

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Clinical acupuncture research in the West

Xianze Meng, Shifen Xu, Lixing Lao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 134-140 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0135-9

摘要： In recent years, acupuncture has rapidly become part of mainstream medicine in the West, where new developments in acupuncture clinical research show extensive progress in evaluating the efficacy and safety of the modality in many categories of disease, especially in pain conditions. Although challenges and difficulties remain, the acupuncture research community has matured and its past experience may lead to even better methods and more innovative research.

关键词： acupuncture clinical research research methodology the West

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Do civil engineering fronts emerge from interdisciplinary research?

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0929-7

摘要： Interdisciplinary research is considered a source of innovativeness and creativity, serving as a key mechanism for creating recombination necessary for the evolution of science systems. The aim of this study is to quantitatively establish the connection between interdisciplinary research and the research fronts that have recently emerged in civil engineering. The degree of interdisciplinarity of the research fronts was measured by developing metrics from bibliographic analyses. As indicated by the consistent increase in the metrics of interdisciplinarity over time, research fronts tend to emerge in studies with increasing diversity in the disciplines involved. The active disciplines involved in the fronts vary over time. The most active disciplines are no longer fundamental but those associated with energy, environment, and sustainable development, focusing on solutions to climate change and integrating intelligence technologies.

关键词： interdisciplinary research research front bibliographic analysis

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Integrating operations research into green logistics: A review

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 517-533 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0265-1

摘要： Logistical activities have a significant global environmental impact, necessitating the adoption of green logistics practices to mitigate environmental effects. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the urgency to address the environmental crisis. Operations research provides a means to balance environmental concerns and costs, thereby enhancing the management of logistical activities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies integrating operations research into green logistics. A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering papers published until June 3, 2023. Six keywords (green logistics OR sustainable logistics OR cleaner logistics OR green transportation OR sustainable transportation OR cleaner transportation) were used to identify relevant papers. The reviewed studies were categorized into five main research directions: Green waste logistics, the impact of costs on green logistics, the green routing problem, green transport network design, and emerging challenges in green logistics. The review concludes by outlining suggestions for further research that combines green logistics and operations research, with particular emphasis on investigating the long-term effects of the pandemic on this field.

关键词： green logistics operations research environment literature review

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Numerical simulation and experimental research on the wheel brush sampling process of an asteroid sampler

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0732-0

摘要： To examine the environmental characteristics of the microgravity force and the weathered layer on an asteroid surface, a symmetric wheel brush asteroid sampler is proposed for the collection of particles on the asteroid surface. To study the influence of the wheel brush rotation speed on the sampling efficiency and the driving torque required for the wheel brush, the contact dynamics model between particles and sampling wheel brushes is established and a simulation and experimental verification of the sampling process are conducted. The parameter calibration of the sampled particles is studied first, and the calibrated particle parameters are used in the numerical simulation of the sampling process. The sampling results and the particle stream curves are obtained for the working conditions of different rotation speeds, and the effects of different parameter settings on the sampling efficiency are analyzed. In addition, a set of rotating symmetrical sampling wheel brush devices is built for the ground test, and the dynamic torque sensor is used to test the torque change of the wheel brush during the sampling process. The relationship between the speed of the wheel brush and the driving torque of the wheel brush motor is determined by comparing the simulation results with the test results. Results indicate that when the rotating speed of the wheel brush is faster, the sampling efficiency is higher, and the driving torque required for the sampling wheel brush is greater. Moreover, a numerical simulation analysis of the sampling process of the wheel brush sampler in a microgravity environment is conducted to determine the optimal speed condition, and the brushing test of the wheel brush sampler in the microgravity environment is verified with the drop tower method. This research proposes the structural optimization design and motor selection of a wheel brush asteroid sampler, which provides important reference value and engineering significance.

关键词： asteroid sampling wheel brush sampler discrete element method parameter calibration experimental research