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期刊论文 17

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干旱 3

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APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要:

Drought stress typically causes heavy losses in apple production and uncovering the mechanisms by which apple tolerates drought stress is important in apple breeding. MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligase that promotes SUMO binding to substrate proteins. Here, we demonstrate that MdSIZ1 in apple has a negative relationship with drought tolerance. MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic apple trees had a higher survival rate after drought stress. During drought stress they had higher leaf water potential, reduced ion leakage, lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents, and higher catalase activity. In addition, MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate during the latter period of drought stress. Finally, the transgenic apple trees also altered expression levels of some microRNAs in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that apple MdSIZ1 negatively regulates drought stress by enhancing leaf water-holding capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.

 

关键词: apple / drought tolerance / gene expression / MdSIZ1    

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Baohua CHU, Jia SUN, Huan DANG, Ziqing MA, Shuang ZHAO, Qingmei GUAN, Xuewei LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》   页码 247-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021388

摘要: Drought stress typically causes heavy losses in apple production and uncovering the mechanisms by which apple tolerates drought stress is important in apple breeding. MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligase that promotes SUMO binding to substrate proteins. Here, we demonstrate that in apple has a negative relationship with drought tolerance. RNAi transgenic apple trees had a higher survival rate after drought stress. During drought stress they had higher leaf water potential, reduced ion leakage, lower H O and malondialdehyde contents, and higher catalase activity. In addition, RNAi transgenic plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate during the latter period of drought stress. Finally, the transgenic apple trees also altered expression levels of some microRNAs in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that apple MdSIZ1 negatively regulates drought stress by enhancing leaf water-holding capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.

关键词: apple     drought tolerance     gene expression     MdSIZ1    

农业防旱抗旱减灾工程技术与应用

李玉中,王春乙,程延年

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第9期   页码 85-89

摘要:

介绍了干旱以及干旱对作物的影响,概述了农业防灾减灾的主要工程措施,这些工程措施包括集水工程、蓄水工程、覆盖抑蒸工程、节水灌溉工程、人工增雨防旱工程、抗旱种衣剂包衣工程,并介绍了这些工程的应用效果。

关键词: 农业干旱     工程减灾     抗旱种衣剂包衣工程    

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 662-662 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021408

OVEREXPRESSION OF PTRLEA7, A LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT FAMILY GENE FROM PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA, CONFERS ENHANCED DROUGHT

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要:

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes encode highly hydrophilic proteins that are essential in abiotic stress responses. However, most LEA genes in higher plants have not yet been investigated. This study identified an LEA family gene (PtrLEA7) from Poncirus trifoliata and studied its function in drought tolerance. The full-length coding sequence of PtrLEA7 was 420 bp encoding a protein of 139 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows that PtrLEA7 protein belongs to the LEA_4 subfamily. Expression profiling by qPCR found that PtrLEA7 was strongly induced by dehydration, cold and ABA treatments, and slightly induced by salt stress. Subcellular localization reveals that PtrLEA7 protein was located in both cytoplasm and nucleus. To investigate its function, transgenic plants of both tobacco and Poncirus trifoliata overexpressing PtrLEA7 were obtained. Stress tolerance assays show that overexpression lines had enhanced dehydration and drought tolerance compared with wild type plants, indicating that PtrLEA7 positively regulates drought tolerance. In addition, transgenic plants had much higher expression levels of three antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD and POD) and significantly increased catalase enzyme activity, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in comparison with wild type plants. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PtrLEA7 can confer enhanced drought tolerance partially via enhancing antioxidant capacity.

 

2008年冬季—2009年春季干旱的大气结构与地球转动特征

魏鸣,欧阳首承

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第1期   页码 49-55

摘要:

针对干旱预测的难题,利用揭示大气热结构垂直特征的V-3θ图,分析影响旱区的气流特征。根据国际地球自转服务(IERS)的数据,分析地球极移、章动和转速的变化与大气热结构变化的关系,基于地气动量守恒原理,将大气热结构与地球转动特征变化进行了制约性分析。结果表明,大气热结构异常和地球转动特征引起的冷空气路径变化与大范围干旱有关。

关键词: 干旱     冷空气路径     回流     章动     极移    

地球的章动和转速与副热带高压和高温干旱

魏鸣,欧阳首承

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第8期   页码 40-46

摘要:

鉴于近10多年来运用地球转速的变化做长期灾害天气预测取得的较好效果,试图运用地球的章动、地球转速和大气变化的关系,探索 重大灾害天气的深层次原因。仅就2006年发生在四川、重庆的高温干旱问题,讨论了副热带高压与东风层的关系,进而对地球的章动、转速的变化做了对比分析。结果显示,地球大气的重要灾害天气的发生,不只限于大气本身的原因,而确有可用于天气预测的星体运行的变化信息。

关键词: 章动     地球转速     副热带高压     逆滚流下沉     干旱    

OVEREXPRESSION OF

Tonglu WEI, Dalong GUO, Jihong LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》   页码 236-246 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020368

摘要: Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes encode highly hydrophilic proteins that are essential in abiotic stress responses. However, most LEA genes in higher plants have not yet been investigated. This study identified an LEA family gene (PtrLEA7) from Poncirus trifoliata and studied its function in drought tolerance. The full-length coding sequence of PtrLEA7 was 420 bp encoding a protein of 139 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows that PtrLEA7 protein belongs to the LEA_4 subfamily. Expression profiling by qPCR found that PtrLEA7 was strongly induced by dehydration, cold and ABA treatments, and slightly induced by salt stress. Subcellular localization reveals that PtrLEA7 protein was located in both cytoplasm and nucleus. To investigate its function, transgenic plants of both tobacco and Poncirus trifoliata overexpressing PtrLEA7 were obtained. Stress tolerance assays show that overexpression lines had enhanced dehydration and drought tolerance compared with wild type plants, indicating that PtrLEA7 positively regulates drought tolerance. In addition, transgenic plants had much higher expression levels of three antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD and POD) and significantly increased catalase enzyme activity, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in comparison with wild type plants. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PtrLEA7 can confer enhanced drought tolerance partially via enhancing antioxidant capacity.

关键词: abiotic stress     antioxidant     drought     late embryogenesis abundant     Poncirus trifoliata    

Growth and abscisic acid responses of

Yue LI, Liqiang WAN, Yufei WANG, Xianglin LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 80-86 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017199

摘要: A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three alfalfa ( ) cultivars, Aohan, Zhongmu No.1 and Sanditi, to examine the morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa to water stress. The response of alfalfa to water stress at different growth stages was generally similar, but varied among cultivars. At the branching, flowering and podding stages, the shoot biomasses of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were greatly affected by, and responded quickly to, water stress. The shoot biomass of Sanditi was not affected by mild water stress, but had a slight response to moderate and severe water stress. The root/shoot ratios in Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were more sensitive to water stress than in Sanditi, with the root/shoot ratio in Aohan increasing most significantly. At flowering, the root/shoot ratio was the highest and the effect of water stress the greatest. The abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the roots of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 increased under water stress, while in Sanditi there was only a slight or delayed response of ABA concentration.

关键词: abscisic acid     alfalfa     drought response     growth stage     water deficit    

干旱和复水对冬小麦光合产物分配格局的影响

谷艳芳,丁圣彦,高志英,邢倩

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期   页码 59-64

摘要:

于2005—2006年在中国科学院封丘农田生态实验站研究了不同水分处理下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其动态。实验设全生育期干旱处理和充分供水处理以及干旱后拔节期、孕穗期、开花期复水处理。结果显示:不同生育期复水对冬小麦由于干旱胁迫引起的生物量下降有补偿作用;干旱和复水能改变器官水平上光合产物的分配格局;干旱胁迫引起叶、穗分配降低,并使茎、叶鞘和根分配指数上升;拔节期复水使叶光合产物分配指数增加、茎分配指数下降;孕穗期和开花期复水能提高光合产物在茎和穗中的分配;不同时期复水对干旱胁迫引起的产量下降均有不同程度的补偿作用,拔节期复水主要提高小麦单株穗数、孕穗期和开花期复水以提高千粒重为主。

关键词: 光合产物     分配指数     可溶性糖     冬小麦     干旱和复水    

HOW MULTISPECIES INTERCROP ADVANTAGE RESPONDS TO WATER STRESS: A YIELD-COMPONENT ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 416-431 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021412

摘要:

Absolute yield and land use efficiency can be higher in multicrops. Though this phenomenon is common, it is not always the case. Also, these two benefits are frequently confused and do not necessarily occur together. Cropping choices become more complex when considering that multicrops are subject to strong spatial and temporal variation in average soil moisture, which will worsen with climate change. Intercropping in agroecosystems is expected to buffer this impact by favoring resistance to reduced humidity, but there are few empirical/experimental studies to validate this claim. It is not clear if relatively higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency will persist in the face of reduced soil moisture, and how the relation between these benefits might change. Here, we present a relatively simple framework for analyzing this situation. We propose a relative multicrop resistance (RMR) index that captures all possible scenarios of absolute and relative multicrop overyield under water stress. We dissect the ecological components of RMR to understand the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the ecological causes of different overyield scenarios. We demonstrate the use of this framework with data from a 128 microplot greenhouse experiment with small annual crops, arranged as seven-species multicrops and their corresponding monocrops, all under two contrasting watering regimes. We applied simple but robust statistical procedures to resulting data (based on bootstrap methods) to compare RMR, and its components, between different plants/plant parts. We also provide simple graphical tools to analyze the data.

 

关键词: agroecosystem sustainability     crop overyielding     intercrop drought resistance     overyield ecological components    

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023521

摘要:

● Score index methods readily discriminate genotypes adapted to a target environment.

关键词: Aerobic rice     breeding selection     drought resilience     production capacity index     resilience capacity index     stress score index     upland    

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 139-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017175

摘要: We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of was matched by (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.

关键词: annual grass     comparative growth     drought response     invasive plant     native grass     specific leaf area     soil-water use    

汶川巨震的预测和思考

耿庆国

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第6期   页码 123-128

摘要:

根据多年来对旱震关系、强震活动有序性及强磁暴组合法的地震预测探索,就川、甘、青、陕,特别是四川阿坝州地区的地震活动连续3年的研究做了简要的回顾,披露了在汶川地震前的2005 年12 月8 日向中国地震局提交的“关于加强川甘青交界地区强震短临监测和分析预报应急工作的紧急建议”要点。

关键词: 汶川巨震预测     旱震关系     强震活动有序性     强磁暴组合法    

Chinese agricultural technology transfer to African typical dry areas: practice and experience

Qiuxia MENG, Jianjie ZHANG, Wenyan XIE, Huaiping ZHOU, Qiang ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 440-454 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020353

摘要:

Africa has experienced increasing aridity and higher frequency of droughts due to climate change during the half past century with possible adverse effects on agricultural production, especially in dry areas with low rainfall. Under the auspices of the Africa Water Action Program between the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS-IAER) has worked closely with domestic and overseas partners on technology transfer in Morocco, Zambia, Egypt, Niger and Ethiopia from 2008 to 2013. A drought early warning system has been established and validated, and drought adaptation technologies have been trialed, modified, demonstrated and extended in African countries, and this shows great potential to increase crop production, water and fertilizer use efficiency and desert control in rainfed areas of Africa. The project has continued for six years and is a successful case of technology transfer and capacity building in Africa. The knowledge and experience gained will be useful to researchers, technicians, aid agencies and policy makers who work on agricultural technology transfer for in dry areas of Africa.

关键词: drought     early warning     adaptation technology     China     United Nations Environment Program     Africa    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

期刊论文

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Baohua CHU, Jia SUN, Huan DANG, Ziqing MA, Shuang ZHAO, Qingmei GUAN, Xuewei LI

期刊论文

农业防旱抗旱减灾工程技术与应用

李玉中,王春乙,程延年

期刊论文

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

期刊论文

OVEREXPRESSION OF PTRLEA7, A LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT FAMILY GENE FROM PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA, CONFERS ENHANCED DROUGHT

期刊论文

2008年冬季—2009年春季干旱的大气结构与地球转动特征

魏鸣,欧阳首承

期刊论文

地球的章动和转速与副热带高压和高温干旱

魏鸣,欧阳首承

期刊论文

OVEREXPRESSION OF

Tonglu WEI, Dalong GUO, Jihong LIU

期刊论文

Growth and abscisic acid responses of

Yue LI, Liqiang WAN, Yufei WANG, Xianglin LI

期刊论文

干旱和复水对冬小麦光合产物分配格局的影响

谷艳芳,丁圣彦,高志英,邢倩

期刊论文

HOW MULTISPECIES INTERCROP ADVANTAGE RESPONDS TO WATER STRESS: A YIELD-COMPONENT ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION

期刊论文

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

期刊论文

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

期刊论文

汶川巨震的预测和思考

耿庆国

期刊论文

Chinese agricultural technology transfer to African typical dry areas: practice and experience

Qiuxia MENG, Jianjie ZHANG, Wenyan XIE, Huaiping ZHOU, Qiang ZHANG

期刊论文