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Studies on advanced water-cooled reactors beyond generation III for power generation

CHENG Xu

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0018-6

摘要： China s ambitious nuclear power program motivates the country s nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts beyond generation III to ensure a long-term, stable, and sustainable development of nuclear power. The paper discusses some main criteria for the selection of future water-cooled reactors by considering the specific Chinese situation. Based on the suggested selection criteria, two new types of water-cooled reactors are recommended for future Chinese nuclear power generation. The high conversion pressurized water reactor utilizes the present PWR technology to a large extent. With a conversion ratio of about 0.95, the fuel utilization is increased about 5 times. This significantly improves the sustainability of fuel resources. The supercritical water-cooled reactor has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is a logical extension of the generation III PWR technology in China. The status of international R&D work is reviewed. A new supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) core structure (the mixed reactor core) and a new fuel assembly design (two-rows FA) are proposed. The preliminary analysis using a coupled neutron-physics/thermal-hydraulics method is carried out. It shows good feasibility for the new design proposal.

关键词： Chinese situation     selection     generation     water-cooled     feasibility    

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Synthesis and photoconductivities of bisazo charge generation materials

ZHAO Qian, WANG Shirong, LI Xianggao, HE Lili

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 330-334 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0061-9

摘要： Six bisazo compounds were synthesized by coupling 2-(4′-aminophenyl)-6-aminobenzoxazole as diazo component with -phenyl-′-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl)urea derivatives, and characterized by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis (EA). Using these bisazo compounds as charge generation materials and CT-191(2-methyl-4-(-dibenzyl)aminobenzoaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone) as charge transportation material, organic photoconductive devices were prepared. The result from photoconductivity measurement of the devices shows that the bisazo compound from -(2-methylphenyl)-′-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl)urea has the best xerographic performance, = 600 V, = 30 V, = 15 Vs, = 3.5 lxs.

关键词： -6-aminobenzoxazole     4′-aminophenyl     transportation     xerographic performance     generation    

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Self-generation of machining precision and its realization in lapping of super precision solid balls

ZHANG Bopeng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第3期   页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0065-7

摘要： This paper presents the principle of self-generation of machining precision by explaining its basic concept and five necessary conditions for forming a system with self-organization capability. A self-generation system is a kind of system with self-organization capability. The self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision is emphatically explained. From the viewpoint of self-organization, there are three types of systems including system 1 with the self-regulation capability, 2 with the self-determination capability of goals, and 3 with the self-organization capability. Although they are all closed loop control systems, they have different constructions and functions. Necessary conditions for achieving self-generation of machining precision are given. Establishment of the system for machining solid balls with super precision is discussed. Self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision on the basis of the capability of self-removal of errors is presented. Self-generation includes the ability of self-removal of errors for solid balls, convergence of self-removal of errors, self-generation of precision, and self-generating system for the given.

关键词： self-generation     necessary     self-regulation capability     viewpoint     Necessary    

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A review on technologies with electricity generation potentials using liquified natural gas regasification

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 332-379 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0863-y

摘要： In modern times, worldwide requirements to curb greenhouse gas emissions, and increment in energy demand due to the progress of humanity, have become a serious concern. In such scenarios, the effective and efficient utilization of the liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification cold energy (RCE), in the economically and environmentally viable methods, could present a great opportunity in tackling the core issues related to global warming across the world. In this paper, the technologies that are widely used to harness the LNG RCE for electrical power have been reviewed. The systems incorporating, the Rankine cycles, Stirling engines, Kalina cycles, Brayton cycles, Allam cycles, and fuel cells have been considered. Additionally, the economic and environmental studies apart from the thermal studies have also been reviewed. Moreover, the discussion regarding the systems with respect to the regassification pressure of the LNG has also been provided. The aim of this paper is to provide guidelines for the prospective researchers and policy makers in their decision making.

关键词： liquified natural gas     cold energy     power generation    

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Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0725-4

摘要： Many efforts have been focused on enhancing the vapor generation in bi-layer solar steam generation systems for obtaining as much pure water as possible. However, the methods to enhance the vapor temperature is seldom studied although the high-temperature vapor has a wide use in medical sterilization and electricity generation. In this work, to probe the high-temperature vapor system, an improved macroscopic heat and mass transfer model was proposed. Then, using the finite element method to solve the model, the influences of some main factors on the evaporation efficiency and vapor temperature were discussed, including effects of the vapor transport conditions and the heat dissipation conditions. The results show that the high-temperature vapor could not be obtained by enhancing the heat-insulating property of the bi-layer systems but by applying the optimal porosity and proper absorbers. This paper is expected to provide some information for designing a bi-layered system to produce high-temperature vapor.

关键词： solar steam generation     solar energy     numerical method     porous material    

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Road sub-surface defect detection based on gprMax forward simulation-sample generation and Swin Transformer-YOLOX

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第3期   页码 334-349 doi: 10.1007/s11709-024-1076-0

摘要： Training samples for deep learning networks are typically obtained through various field experiments, which require significant manpower, resource and time consumption. However, it is possible to utilize simulated data to augment the training samples. In this paper, by comparing the actual experimental model with the simulated model generated by the gprMax [1] forward simulation method, the feasibility of obtaining simulated samples through gprMax simulation is validated. Subsequently, the samples generated by gprMax forward simulation are used for training the network to detect objects in existing real samples. At the same time, aiming at the detection and intelligent recognition of road sub-surface defects, the Swin-YOLOX algorithm is introduced, and the excellence of the detection network, which is improved by augmenting the simulated samples with real samples, is further verified. By comparing the prediction performance of the object detection models, it is observed that the model trained with mixed samples achieved a recall of 94.74% and a mean average precision (mAP) of 97.71%, surpassing the model trained only on real samples by 12.95% and 15.64%, respectively. The feasibility and excellence of training the model with mixed samples are confirmed. The potential of using a fusion of simulated and existing real samples instead of repeatedly acquiring new real samples by field experiment is demonstrated by this study, thereby improving detection efficiency, saving resources, and providing a new approach to the problem of multiple interpretations in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.

关键词： ground penetrating radar     gprMax     forward modeling     sample generation     Swin-YOLOX     object detection    

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Exploring the cancer genome in the era of next-generation sequencing

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 48-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0182-x

摘要：

The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to dramatic advances in cancer genome studies. The increased efficiency and resolution of next-generation sequencing greatly facilitate the detection of genetic, genomic, and epigenomic alterations, such as single nucleotide mutations, small insertions and deletions, chromosomal rearrangements, copy number variations, and DNA methylation. Comprehensive analysis of cancer genomes through approaches of whole genome, exome, and transcriptome sequencing has significantly improved the understanding of cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy. The present study briefly reviews the recent pioneering studies on cancer genome sequencing and provides an unprecedented insight into the landscape of genomic alterations in human sporadic cancers.

关键词： next-generation sequencing     cancer genome     whole genome sequencing     exome     transcriptome    

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Integrated approach to winery waste: waste generation and data consolidation

Margarida OLIVEIRA,Elizabeth DUARTE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 168-176 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0693-6

摘要： The winemaking process involves the generation of a significant amount of waste and wastewater. These residues should be addressed for recycling or treatment before being returned to environment. As each winery is unique in waste generation and disposal, plans for environmentally friendly waste management are not universal and should be tested for their effectiveness. In this study, a diagnostic was made during three years, in different wineries, throughout Portugal, in order to quantify and characterize the waste and the wastewater produced. The results showed that solid waste and wastewater are mainly produced during the harvest period, corresponding to 74% and 87%, respectively. One ton of processed grape approximately produce 0.13 t marc, 0.06 t lees, 0.03 t of stalks and 1.65 m of wastewater. No significant differences ( ≤0.05) were observed for grape marc, lees and wastewater ratios, between years or wineries. With respect to the stalk ratio, there was no effect of year but the winery significantly affected this ratio ( ≤0.05). During the study period the treated wastewater, since diluted, revealed suitable characteristics for irrigation representing an additional source of water. In this regard, the data acquisition and consolidation ensure the transfer of information and experience which constitute an essential step in a support decision tool design.

关键词： waste management     wastewater reuse     winery wastewater    

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A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1611-6

摘要：

● A novel hybrid fuel cell (F-HFC) was fabricated.

关键词： Flow-through field     Hybrid fuel cell     Polyoxometalates     Water purification     Electricity generation    

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Integrated transmission and generation planning model in a deregulated environment

Enrique B. CEDE?O, Sant ARORA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 182-190 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0256-8

摘要： After the deregulation of the Power Sector in the U.S., planning for generation and transmission capacities is decentralized. There is, however, still need for the long term integrated planning of generation and transmission capacities at the macro level, since these two sectors must operate in a coordinated manner. This paper presents a model for integrating generation and transmission expansion planning to identify an indicative expansion plan for the total sector at the macro level. The argument for an integrated model is supported using evidence from integrated planning efforts in real life systems. The application of the proposed model is illustrated using an example that requires expansion of generation and transmission capacities over three regions in a deregulated power system. The example considers that addition of generating capacity should come from renewable sources. The test results show the potential cost saving from integrated planning.

关键词： integrated planning     indicative plans     power generation     transmission     deregulation    

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Metal-based direct hydrogen generation as unconventional high density energy

Shuo XU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 27-53 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0603-x

摘要： Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities. This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the metal-based direct hydrogen generation and the unconventional energy utilization ways thus enabled. According to the metal activities, the reaction conditions of metals were generalized into three categories. The first ones refer to those which would violently react with water at ambient temperature. The second ones start to react with water after certain pretreatments. The third ones can only react with steam under somewhat harsh conditions. To interpret the metal-water reaction mechanisms at the molecular scale, the molecule dynamics simulation and computational quantum chemistry were introduced as representative theoretical analytical tools. Besides, the state-of-the-art of the metal-water reaction was presented with several ordinary metals as illustration examples, including the material treatment technologies and the evaluations of hydrogen evolution performances. Moreover, the energy capacities of various metals were summarized, and the application potentials of the metal-based direct hydrogen production approach were explored. Furthermore, the challenges lying behind this unconventional hydrogen generation method and energy strategy were raised, which outlined promising directions worth of further endeavors. Overall, active metals like Na and K are appropriate for rapid hydrogen production occasions. Of these metals discussed, Al, Mg and their alloys offer the most promising hydrogen generation route for clean and efficient propulsion and real-time power source. In the long run, there exists plenty of space for developing future energy technology along this direction.

关键词： metal     hydrogen generation     hydrolysis     metal water reaction     clean energy    

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Solar evaporation for simultaneous oil-water separation and electricity generation with wood-based absorbers

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1775-8

摘要：

● A protocol is proposed for simultaneous oil/water separation and electricity generation.

关键词： Oily wastewater     Carbonized wood     Salinity gradient     Electricity generation     Solar irradiation    

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Comparison of masking agents for antimony speciation analysis using hydride generation atomic fluorescence

Jianhong XI,Mengchang HE,Kunpeng WANG,Guizhi ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 970-978 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0716-3

摘要： A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb(III) in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCl concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb(V) can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb(III). For the determination of Sb(III), four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb(V). The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HCl on the fluorescence signals from Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb(V). To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb(III) from natural water that was spiked with different Sb(III) and Sb(V) concentrations was tested.

关键词： Sb(III)     Sb(V)     determination     masking agents     hydride generation (HG-AFS)    

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Optimal generation scheduling in power system using frequency prediction through ANN under ABT environment

Simarjit KAUR, Yajvender Pal VERMA, Sunil AGRAWAL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 468-478 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0282-6

摘要： In a competitive and deregulated power scenario, the utilities try to maintain their real electric power generation in balance with the load demand, which creates a need for the precise real time generation scheduling (GS). In this paper, the GS problem is solved to perform the unit commitment (UC) based on frequency prediction by using artificial neural network (ANN) with the objective to minimize the overall system cost of the state utility. The introduction of availability-based tariff (ABT) signifies the importance of frequency in GS. Under-prediction or over-prediction will result in an unnecessary commitment of generating units or buying power from central generating units at a higher cost. Therefore, an accurate frequency prediction is the first step toward optimal GS. The dependency of frequency on various parameters such as actual generation, load demand, wind power and power deficit has been considered in this paper. The proposed technique provides a reliable solution for the input parameter different from the one presented in the training data. The performance of the frequency predictor model has been evaluated based on the absolute percentage error (APE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The proposed predicted frequency sensitive GS model is applied to the system of Indian state of Tamilnadu, which reduces the overall system cost of the state utility by keeping off the dearer units selected based on the predicted frequency.

关键词： artificial neural network (ANN)     frequency prediction     availability-based tariff (ABT)     generation scheduling (GS)    

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comprehensive energy solution for households employing a micro combined cooling, heating and power generation

Huayi ZHANG, Can ZHANG, Fushuan WEN, Yan XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 582-590 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0592-9

摘要：

In recent years, micro combined cooling, heating and power generation (mCCHP) systems have attracted much attention in the energy demand side sector. The input energy of a mCCHP system is natural gas, while the outputs include heating, cooling and electricity energy. The mCCHP system is deemed as a possible solution for households with multiple energy demands. Given this background, a mCCHP based comprehensive energy solution for households is proposed in this paper. First, the mathematical model of a home energy hub (HEH) is presented to describe the inputs, outputs, conversion and consumption process of multiple energies in households. Then, electrical loads and thermal demands are classified and modeled in detail, and the coordination and complementation between electricity and natural gas are studied. Afterwards, the concept of thermal comfort is introduced and a robust optimization model for HEH is developed considering electricity price uncertainties. Finally, a household using a mCCHP as the energy conversion device is studied. The simulation results show that the comprehensive energy solution proposed in this work can realize multiple kinds of energy supplies for households with the minimized total energy cost.

关键词： energy hub     micro combined cooling     heating and power generation (mCCHP)     thermal comfort     robust optimization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Studies on advanced water-cooled reactors beyond generation III for power generation

CHENG Xu

期刊论文

Synthesis and photoconductivities of bisazo charge generation materials

ZHAO Qian, WANG Shirong, LI Xianggao, HE Lili

期刊论文

Self-generation of machining precision and its realization in lapping of super precision solid balls

ZHANG Bopeng

期刊论文

A review on technologies with electricity generation potentials using liquified natural gas regasification

期刊论文

Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

期刊论文

Road sub-surface defect detection based on gprMax forward simulation-sample generation and Swin Transformer-YOLOX

期刊论文

Exploring the cancer genome in the era of next-generation sequencing

null

期刊论文

Integrated approach to winery waste: waste generation and data consolidation

Margarida OLIVEIRA,Elizabeth DUARTE

期刊论文

A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

期刊论文

Integrated transmission and generation planning model in a deregulated environment

Enrique B. CEDE?O, Sant ARORA

期刊论文

Metal-based direct hydrogen generation as unconventional high density energy

Shuo XU, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Solar evaporation for simultaneous oil-water separation and electricity generation with wood-based absorbers

期刊论文

Comparison of masking agents for antimony speciation analysis using hydride generation atomic fluorescence

Jianhong XI,Mengchang HE,Kunpeng WANG,Guizhi ZHANG

期刊论文

Optimal generation scheduling in power system using frequency prediction through ANN under ABT environment

Simarjit KAUR, Yajvender Pal VERMA, Sunil AGRAWAL

期刊论文

comprehensive energy solution for households employing a micro combined cooling, heating and power generation

Huayi ZHANG, Can ZHANG, Fushuan WEN, Yan XU

期刊论文