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Thermo-fluidic devices and materials inspired from mass and energy transport phenomena in biological

Jian XIAO , Jing LIU ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 47-59 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0068-4

摘要： Mass and energy transport consists of one of the most significant physiological processes in nature, which guarantees many amazing biological phenomena and activities. Borrowing such idea, many state-of-the-art thermo-fluidic devices and materials such as artificial kidneys, carrier erythrocyte, blood substitutes and so on have been successfully invented. Besides, new emerging technologies are still being developed. This paper is dedicated to presenting a relatively complete review of the typical devices and materials in clinical use inspired by biological mass and energy transport mechanisms. Particularly, these artificial thermo-fluidic devices and materials will be categorized into organ transplantation, drug delivery, nutrient transport, micro operation, and power supply. Potential approaches for innovating conventional technologies were discussed, corresponding biological phenomena and physical mechanisms were interpreted, future promising mass-and-energy-transport-based bionic devices were suggested, and prospects along this direction were pointed out. It is expected that many artificial devices based on biological mass and energy transport principle will appear to better improve various fields related to human life in the near future.

关键词： bionics mass transport energy transport artificial devices and materials biology system nature phenomena medical device.

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Influence of fluid-structure interaction on vortex induced vibration and lock-in phenomena in long span

Nazim Abdul NARIMAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 363-384 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0353-y

摘要： In this paper, deck models of a cable stayed bridge are generated in ABAQUS-finite element program once using only CFD model (one-way fluid-structure interaction) and another by using both the CFD model and the CSD model together (two-way fluid-structure interaction) in a co-simulation. Shedding frequencies for the associated wind velocities in the lock-in region are calculated in both approaches. The results are validated with Simiu and Scanlan results. The lift and drag coefficients are determined for the two approaches and the latter results are validated with the flat plate theory results by Munson and coauthors. A decrease in the critical wind velocity and the shedding frequencies considering two-way approach was determined compared to those obtained in the one-way approach. The results of the lift and drag forces in the two-way approach showed appreciable decrease in their values. It was concluded that the two-way approach predicts earlier vortex induced vibration for lower critical wind velocities and lock-in phenomena will appear at lower natural frequencies of the long span bridges. This helps the designers to efficiently plan and consider for the design and safety of the long span bridge against this type of vibration.

关键词： vortex-induced vibration fluid-structure interaction Strouhal number lock-in kinetic energy

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Soundscape of classical Chinese garden

YUAN Xiaomei, WU Shuoxian

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 172-178 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0026-6

摘要： With deep humanized connotation, the classical Chinese garden uses human intuitive sensation and personal poetic observation to express natural sound phenomena. It differs from the rational modern soundscape in western countries.

关键词： observation classical phenomena intuitive soundscape

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Phenomena identification and ranking table exercise for thorium based molten salt reactor-solid fuel

Xiaojing LIU, Qi WANG, Zhaozhong HE, Kun CHEN, Xu CHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 707-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0616-0

摘要： Thorium based molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) design is an innovative reactor concept that uses high-temperature tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel with a low-pressure liquid salt coolant. In anticipation of getting licensed applications for TMSR-SF in the future, it is necessary to fully understand the significant features and phenomena of TMSR-SF design, as well as its transient behavior during accidents. In this paper, the safety-relevant phenomena, importance, and knowledge base were assessed for the selected events and the transient of TMSR-SF during station blackout scenario is simulated based on RELAP/SCDAPSIM Mod 4.0. The phenomena having significant impact but with limited knowledge of their history are core coolant bypass flows, outlet plenum flow distribution, and intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) over/under cooling transients. Some thermal hydraulic parameters during the station blackout scenario are also discussed.

关键词： phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) thorium based molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) safety analysis RELAP/SCDAPSIM

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Nano thermo-hydrodynamics method for investigating cell membrane fluidity

YANG Yang, LIU Jing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 121-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0033-2

摘要： As a barrier to compartmentalize cells, membranes form the interface between a cell and its surroundings. The essential function of a membrane is to maintain a relatively stable environment in the cell, exchange substances selectively and transfer energy and information continually from the outside. It is intriguing that above the phase transition temperature, the membrane lipid molecule will have three modes–lateral diffusion, rotational movement and flip-flop activity. These thermodynamic processes are vital to cell existence, growth, division, differentiation and are also responsible for hundreds of thousands of phenomena in life. Previously, species transport across the membrane was interpreted mainly from a phenomenological view using a lumped system model. Therefore, detailed flow processes occurred in the membrane domain and clues related to life mechanism were not sufficiently tackled. Such important issues can be clarified by modeling nano scale thermal hydrodynamics over the gap space of a cell membrane. Previously observed complex membrane behaviors will be shown in this paper and explained by the thermally induced fluidic convections inside the membrane. A correlation between nano scale hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and cell membrane activities is set up. The disclosed mechanisms are expected to provide a new viewpoint on the interaction between intracellular and extracellular processes through the membrane.

关键词： responsible phenomenological phenomena modes–lateral diffusion differentiation

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气体多孔电极反应微观机理及宏观现象的研究

朱梅,徐献芝,杨基明

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 79-83

摘要：

提出多孔电极研究的新思路、新方法，探索电极反应的微观机理及宏观现象，试图为制造高效多孔电极提供理论参考。通过锌空气电池实验对比了立式多孔碳电极相对于传统多孔碳电极在放电中的优点。通过实验观察了三相界面的形成形态随时间变化的3个宏观过程，根据3个宏观过程对应的电化学过程定义了电极反应中所形成的2种有代表性的三相界面。分析了电解液在多孔电极中运动的微观机理并得出理想突变界面是气体电极的最佳工作状态的结论。

关键词：多孔电极三相界面锌空气电池

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建筑物内火旋风中心飘移的探讨与研究

陈长坤,姚斌,范维澄

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 63-68

摘要：

火旋风是火灾中一种较为特殊的火行为，是火灾安全研究的一个重要内容。针对建筑物内火旋风的行为进行研究，提出了一种用于描述和表征建筑物内火旋风中心飘移的分析方法。结合此方法，应用大涡模拟技术对火旋风中心飘移现象进行了数值模拟研究，得到了火旋风中心飘移的平均角速度、温度峰值、高温中心位置等重要参数。

关键词：火旋风中心飘移大涡模拟建筑

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Many-body dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wetting phenomena

Ying ZHAO, Ye YUE, Xianren ZHANG, Shuangyang LI, Atul SAJJANHAR,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 280-282 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0278-2

摘要： With the development of the simulation of particle dynamics, the traditional dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method can not satisfy the needs of research in static or dynamic wetting phenomena. However, the Many-body DPD approach extends the ability of the traditional method to simulate the interface between solid and liquid or some other situation. In this paper, we propose a Many-body DPD program to simulate the solid-liquid interface and get satisfactory results.

关键词： development satisfactory traditional dissipative phenomena solid-liquid interface

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宁夏的沙尘暴天气及防沙治沙的对策建议

高庆先,任阵海

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第2期页码 16-21

摘要：

通过对宁夏地区气象台站沙尘天气历史记录的分析，给出了宁夏地区沙尘天气的空间分布规律和时间演变情况，并结合对宁夏荒漠化地区的实地考察内容，初步提出宁夏防沙治沙对策建议。

关键词：沙尘暴防沙治沙对策建议扬沙浮尘

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变环境压力下的激光选区熔化——介观尺度模型与输运现象 Article

胡仁志, 罗曼乐兰, 黄安国, 吴甲民, 魏青松, 文世峰, 张李超, 史玉升, Dmitry Trushnikov, V. Ya. Belenkiy, I. Yu. Letyagin, K.P. Karunakaran, 庞盛永

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1157-1164 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.003

摘要：

近期研究表明，相比常压条件下，采用真空或低压环境的激光选区熔化（SLM）工艺可获得缺陷更少、表面质量更优的打印件。虽然通过高速摄像实验已经对SLM工艺在真空环境下的介观物理过程进行了部分研究，但该工艺下影响熔池传热和流动方面的深层机理仍不十分清楚。为此，基于最近的激光焊接模型工作，我们首次建立了变环境压力下SLM工艺的介观尺度数学模型。我们模拟了大气压和100 Pa低压环境下SLM工艺中316L粉末的输运现象。研究发现，在典型工艺参数（激光功率：200 W；扫描速度：2 ms^-1；粉末直径：27 µm）下，大气环境中熔池表面凹坑的平均温度将近2800 K，而在100 Pa环境压力时，平均温度仅为2300 K。由于在100 Pa低压条件下，蒸发引起的表面压力和环境压力之间的压差相对于大气环境下的压差更大，更易驱动高温流体流动，因此熔池表面流动速度更加剧烈（平均速度约为4 m·s^-1）。研究表明，熔池表面周期性的波浪流动（周期：14 µs）直接影响堆积体的表面粗糙度。此外，由于雷诺数小于400且远低于湍流临界值，熔融金属液流动模式为层流，因此，黏性耗散的影响至关重要。在真空或低环境压力条件下，波纹的流动轨迹更长，使得波动更容易由于黏性效应被耗散，从而改善了打印件的表面粗造度。总之，我们的数学模型阐明了变环境压力下SLM工艺实验研究中观察到的有趣输运现象的物理机制，它有望成为优化SLM工艺过程的有力工具。

关键词：激光选区熔化介观尺度模型环境压力输运现象

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利用人工源超低频电磁波监测地震的试验与分析

赵国泽,陆建勋

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 27-33

摘要：

由人工产生大功率超低频（SLF）电磁波可以在地面很大范围的许多测点同时测量该信号，利用它可以研究地下电阻率结构和空间电磁场；研究地震等引起的电磁场异常变化；探测地壳结构和地下资源，具有广阔的应用前景和发展潜力。在北京等地区的观测表明,SLF信号的功率谱密度超过天然场源信号数倍以上，所得到的视电阻率数据精度远高于天然源方法，并有长时间的稳定性。在试验测量期间距测点约120 km发生的迁安4.2级地震与观测的电磁场异常和视电阻率的变化有较好的对应性,对产生这些变化的可能的成因机制进行了分析和探讨。

关键词：超低频/极低频电磁波电磁异常电阻率地震监测

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从汶川地震震前现象认识其发震动力应具有的大尺度与深层次性

许绍燮

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 16-18

摘要：

认为汶川地震发震动力具有大尺度与深层次性，并就汶川地震的震前地震活动性进行了分析研究；大小环圆的交切，全球尺度条带的交会，深部地震活动的加强这几项地震活动性图像是汶川地震震前现象的重要特征，这些特征图像在1976年的唐山地震前也有所显示；条带交会，环圆交会，带圆交会处质点运动各异，相互闭锁，质点运动不易解耦，形成应力集中，常常可成为强震发生的场所；深部闭锁活动的特色，在地表观测中易于失察，成为巨大地震更不易预察的一种原因。鉴于巨大地震灾害的严重性，今后在地震预测监测中应加强对大尺度与深层次信息的监测、收集与分析研究。

关键词：汶川地震发震动力的大尺度与深层次性地震预测

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Studies on the rheological, phase morphologic, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/ethylene propylene diene monomer copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride/metallocene polyethylene blends

RUN Mingtao, SONG Hongzan, WANG Yingjin, YAO Chenguang, GAO Jungang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 238-245 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0043-3

摘要： The rheological, phase morphologic, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/metallocene polyethylene (PTT/mPE) blends in the presence of ethylene propylene diene monomer copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM--MAH) as compatibilizer are studied by means of a capillary rheometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results suggest that the compatibility of PTT/mPE blends is improved greatly after the addition of a compatibilizer. The radius of the dispersed phase in the system decreases greatly when the compatibilizer is added into the blend. When the amount of compatibilizer exceeds 8 wt-%, the size of dispersed phase becomes larger again. This phenomena could be attributed to the higher viscosity of the EPDM--MAH phase, which is dispersed more difficulty in the PTT phase of lower viscosity, thus the mixing efficiency is apparently decreased during the melt blending process. Moreover, the melt viscosity of the blend reaches the maximal value in case of 4 wt-% compatibilizer content, above which it would decrease again. This result is associated with the generation of more and bigger dispersed phase inside the bulk phase, thus the grafting efficiency at the interface is decreased, which could result in lower viscosity. The DSC results suggest that the mPE component shows a nucleating effect, and could increase the overall degree and rate of PTT crystallization, while the addition of a compatibilizer might slightly diminish these effects. In addition, the blend with 4 wt-% compatibilizer shows the best thermal stability. Furthermore, the Izod impact strength and the tensile strength at room temperature of the blend are also markedly improved by the addition of a 4 8 wt-% compatibilizer.

关键词： /metallocene polyethylene presence rheological phenomena trimethylene terephthalate

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数据驱动的随机微分方程辨识 Article

王亚森, 方华臻, 金骏阳, 马贵君, 何心, 代星, 岳作功, 程骋, 张海涛, 浦栋麟, 伍冬睿, 袁烨, Jorge Gonçalves, Jürgen Kurths, 丁汉

《工程（英文）》 2022年第17卷第10期页码 244-252 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.007

摘要：

随机微分方程（SDE）是一种广泛用于描述受不同来源噪声干扰的复杂过程或现象的数学模型。由于数据固有的强随机性和系统动力学的复杂性，控制系统的SDE的辨识通常是一个挑战。辨识SDE的现有参数化方法的实用性通常受到数据资源不足的限制。本研究提出了一种通过稀疏贝叶斯学习（SBL）技术从候选基函数空间中搜索简洁但物理必需的表示形式来辨识SDE的新框架。更重要的是，利用SBL的解析可处理性开发了一种可以通过少量数据来高效地构建辨识SDE的线性回归模型的方法。本文利用股票和石油价格、轴承变化和风速的真实数据，以及包括广义维纳（Wiener）过程和朗之万方程在内的著名随机动力系统的仿真数据，验证了所提出框架的有效性。该框架旨在帮助专家从自然科学、经济学和工程领域的随机现象中提取随机数学模型，用于分析、预测和决策。

关键词：数据驱动方法系统辨识稀疏贝叶斯学习随机微分方程随机现象