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Research on pedestrian escape route without visibility based on Markov chain model

Xiaoping ZHENG, Lijuan DU, Hongjiang WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 283-289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0272-8

摘要： It is a pioneering work to use a Markov chain model to study the pedestrian escape route without visibility. In this paper, based on the Markov chain probability transition matrix, the algorithms with random numbers and the spatial-grid, an escape route in a limited invisible space is obtained. Six pace states (standing, crawling, walking, leaping, jogging, and running) are applied to describe the characteristics of pedestrian behaviors. Besides, eight main direction changes are used to describe the transition characteristic of a pedestrian. At the same time, this paper analyzes the escape route from two views, i.e., pedestrian pace states and directions. The research results show that the Markov chain model is more realistic as a means of studying pedestrian escape routes.

关键词： pioneering     direction     spatial-grid     realistic     transition characteristic    

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Application of cable-supported spatial grid in dry coal shed

XING Haidong, HAO Jiping, XU Guobin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 26-29 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0008-8

摘要： This paper presented a new structural style cable-supported spatial grid, which was applied in large span dry coal sheds. The influence of configuration of cable on the force of cable and beam, the ratio of beam force to cable force and the deflection of span was investigated, and a rational configuration of cable was obtained. The results show that the cable-supported spatial grid can maximize the use of material strength, and have the advantages of low usage of steel, large span and sufficient headroom.

关键词： dry     material strength     low     rational configuration     influence    

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中国钢筋混凝土空间网格结构新体系的开拓与发展（下）

马克俭,张华刚,肖建春,卢亚琴

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第8期   页码 22-34

摘要：

钢筋混凝土空间网格结构包括平板型的空腹网架结构、空腹夹层板结构、空腹双重网格结构、现浇混凝土空心大板楼盖结构。这些新型结构体系从20世纪80年代至今在跨度18～32 m公共建筑的屋盖和楼盖应用达100多万平方米，取得很好的社会与经济效益。有的已编制了相应的技术规程。我们研制了将钢筋混凝土空腹夹层板单向弯曲形成的钢筋混凝土空腹夹层网壳和网拱结构，双向弯曲形成的钢筋混凝土空腹夹层双曲扁网壳结构。这些拥有我国自主知识产权的空间网格结构新体系，均具有自身的特点和对建筑物的适应性，文章将按研制时间先后逐一介绍。其结构的“安全、合理、经济、先进”性，则通过工程实例予以剖析。

关键词： 钢筋混凝土     空腹夹层板     现浇混凝土空心大板     网架结构     网壳结构    

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Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7

摘要： Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of smart grid (SG) can provide a highly reliable power system with optimized utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to meet the growing demands and to make the grid smarter and reliable. One of the important requirements for SG is the instantaneous monitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional monitoring system cannot satisfy this requirement since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-measurement devices like phasor measurement units (PMUs) can measure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be computed. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the PMU can be estimated using Ohm’s law, it is redundant to install PMUs at all the buses in a power grid for its complete observability. This paper proposes the optimal geographical locations for the PMUs in southern region Indian power grid for the implementation of SG, using Integer Linear Programming. The proposed optimal geographical locations for PMU placement can be a stepping stone for the implementation of SG in India.

关键词： phasor measurement units (PMUs)     smart grid (SG)     southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG)     integer linear programming (ILP)    

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Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 413-428 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0274-6

摘要： Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.

关键词： phasor measurement unit (PMU)     smart grid (SG)     Indian power grid     northern region Indian power grid (NRIPG)     eastern region Indian power grid (ERIPG)     north-eastern region Indian power grid (NERIPG)     redundancy     integer linear programing (ILP)    

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Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 518-531 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0611-x

摘要： This article presents the soil spatial variability effect on the performance of a reinforced earth wall. The serviceability limit state is considered in the analysis. Both cases of isotropic and anisotropic non-normal random fields are implemented for the soil properties. The Karhunen-Loève expansion method is used for the discretization of the random field. Numerical finite difference models are considered as deterministic models. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to obtain the deformation response variability of the reinforced soil retaining wall. The influences of the spatial variability response of the geotechnical system in terms of horizontal facing displacement is presented and discussed. The results obtained show that the spatial variability has an important influence on the facing horizontal displacement as well as on the failure probability.

关键词： reinforced earth wall     geosynthetic     random field     spatial variability     Monte Carlo simulation    

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Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 559-568 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0400-4

摘要： The aim of this paper is to study the spatial-temporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.

关键词： industrial eco-efficiency     data envelopment analysis (DEA) model     exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)    

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Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

Babak DIZANGIAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 123-134 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0478-2

摘要： This paper proposes a sensitivity-based border-search and jump reduction method for optimum design of spatial trusses. It is considered as a two-phase optimization approach, where at the first phase, the first local optimum is found by few analyses, after the whole searching space is limited employing an efficient random strategy, and the second phase involves finding a sequence of local optimum points using the variables sensitivity with respect to corresponding values of constraints violation. To reach the global solution at phase two, a sequence of two sensitivity-based operators of border-search operator and jump operator are introduced until convergence is occurred. Sensitivity analysis is performed using numerical finite difference method. To do structural analysis, a link between open source software of OpenSees and MATLAB was developed. Spatial truss problems were attempted for optimization in order to show the fastness and efficiency of proposed technique. Results were compared with those reported in the literature. It shows that the proposed method is competitive with the other optimization methods with a significant reduction in number of analyses carried.

关键词： optimum design     sensitivity analysis     reduction method     spatial trusses     OpenSees    

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic     Environmental transport     Soil pollution     Stormwater     Detention ponds    

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Spatial prediction of soil contamination based on machine learning: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1693-1

摘要：

● A review of machine learning (ML) for spatial prediction of soil contamination.

关键词： Soil contamination     Machine learning     Prediction     Spatial distribution    

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Hybrid optimization algorithm for modeling and management of micro grid connected system

Kallol ROY,Kamal Krishna MANDAL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 305-314 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0308-8

摘要： In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for modeling and managing the micro grid (MG) system. The management of distributed energy sources with MG is a multi-objective problem which consists of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) array, fuel cell (FC), micro turbine (MT) and diesel generator (DG). Because, perfect economic model of energy source of the MG units are needed to describe the operating cost of the output power generated, the objective of the hybrid model is to minimize the fuel cost of the MG sources such as FC, MT and DG. The problem formulation takes into consideration the optimal configuration of the MG at a minimum fuel cost, operation and maintenance costs as well as emissions reduction. Here, the hybrid algorithm is obtained as artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is used in two stages. The first stage of the ABC gets the optimal MG configuration at a minimum fuel cost for the required load demand. From the minimized fuel cost functions, the operation and maintenance cost as well as the emission is reduced using the second stage of the ABC. The proposed method is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink platform and its effectiveness is analyzed by comparing with existing techniques. The comparison demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and confirms its potential to solve the problem.

关键词： micro grid (MG)     multi-objective function     artificial bee colony (ABC)     fuel cost     operation and maintenance cost    

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Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 974-983 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0769-5

摘要： Control rod is the most important approach to control reactivity in reactors, which is currently a cluster of pins filled with boron carbide (B4C). In this case, neutrons are captured in the outer region, and thus the inner absorber is inefficient. Moreover, the lifetime of the control rod is challenged due to the high reactivity worth loss resulted from the excessive degradation of B4C in the high flux area. In this work, some control rod designs are proposed with optimized spatial structures including the spatially mixed rod, radially moderated rod, and composite control rod with small-sized pins. The control rod worth and effective absorption cross section of these designs are computed using the Monte Carlo code RMC. A long-time depletion calculation is conducted to evaluate their burnup stability. For the spatially mixed rod, rare-earth absorbers are combined with B4C in spatial structure. Compared with the homogenous B4C rod, mixed designs ensure more sufficient reactivity worth in the lifetime of the reactor. The minimum reactivity loss at the end of the cycle is only 1.8% from the dysprosium titanate rod, while the loss for pure B4C rod is nearly 12%. For the radially moderated design, a doubled neutronic efficiency is achieved when the volume ratio of moderator equals approximately 0.3, while excessive moderating may lead to the failure of control rods. The control rod with small-sized pins processes an enhanced safety performance and saves the investment in absorbers. The rod worth can be further enhanced by introducing small moderator pins, and the reactivity loss caused by the reduction of absorbers is sustainable.

关键词： control rod     optimized spatial structure     neutronic performance     burnup stability    

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System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Gang HUANG, Jianhui WANG, Chen CHEN, Chuangxin GUO, Bingquan ZHU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 271-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017030

摘要： Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems. In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.

关键词： critical infrastructure     cyber-physical systems     energy systems     resilience     smart grid    

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Differences in distributions, assembly mechanisms, and putative interactions of AOB and NOB at a large spatial

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1722-0

摘要：

● Nitrifiers in WWTP were investigated at large spatial scale.

关键词： Activated sludge     Spatial distributions     Microbial assembly     Co-occurrence patterns     Nitrifying bacteria    

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Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 107-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0470-x

摘要： Starting from the late 1990’s, the German government decided to change the national electric power supply system dramatically. The main stimulating instrument was the German Law on Renewable Energies (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)), which guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff to everyone who was willing to invest into renewable generation. Based on the year of commissioning, defined revenues per kWh were fixed for the next 20 years. Due to a very attractive over-funding, more than 1.5 million renewable generation units were connected to the German grid up to the end of 2015. According to the EEG, renewable generation units can feed to the grid wherever they are located and whenever they are able to produce. The old physical principle was and is still neglected, which clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages in the power system. Only in cases, when temporarily renewable overproduction exceeds the tolerable loading of lines or transformers respectively endangers the system stability in total, are German grid operators allowed to announce curtailments by emergency measures. Even in such cases, the “not produced energy” from renewable sources has to be funded. Although the installed capacity from renewables is much higher than the peak load in Germany, it contributes only about 32% to German average annual energy. Unfortunately, the regional distribution of renewable generation and load is very different, e.g. in the northeast of Germany, this Renewable Energy (RE)-ratio meanwhile exceeds 100% due to the high RE-penetration and low load. High transits of renewable overproduction from the north to the south will be necessary at nearly every day per year. Therefore, a tremendous change is needed within the German power grid. This paper will give a first overview followed by several others, describing possible solutions on how to overcome this critical situation.

关键词： grid integration     renewable energies     system stability     storages     flexible loads     new market design    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Research on pedestrian escape route without visibility based on Markov chain model

Xiaoping ZHENG, Lijuan DU, Hongjiang WANG,

期刊论文

Application of cable-supported spatial grid in dry coal shed

XING Haidong, HAO Jiping, XU Guobin

期刊论文

中国钢筋混凝土空间网格结构新体系的开拓与发展（下）

马克俭,张华刚,肖建春,卢亚琴

期刊论文

Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

期刊论文

Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

期刊论文

Soil spatial variability impact on the behavior of a reinforced earth wall

Adam HAMROUNI, Daniel DIAS, Badreddine SBARTAI

期刊论文

Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

期刊论文

Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

Babak DIZANGIAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI

期刊论文

Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

期刊论文

Spatial prediction of soil contamination based on machine learning: a review

期刊论文

Hybrid optimization algorithm for modeling and management of micro grid connected system

Kallol ROY,Kamal Krishna MANDAL

期刊论文

Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

期刊论文

System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Gang HUANG, Jianhui WANG, Chen CHEN, Chuangxin GUO, Bingquan ZHU

期刊论文

Differences in distributions, assembly mechanisms, and putative interactions of AOB and NOB at a large spatial

期刊论文

Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

期刊论文