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Special issue on “Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates”

Luling Wu , Tony D. James

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2134-y

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High resolution satellite imaging sensors for precision agriculture

Chenghai YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 393-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018226

摘要：

The central concept of precision agriculture is to manage within-field soil and crop growth variability for more efficient use of farming inputs. Remote sensing has been an integral part of precision agriculture since the farming technology started developing in the mid to late 1980s. Various types of remote sensors carried on ground-based platforms, manned aircraft, satellites, and more recently, unmanned aircraft have been used for precision agriculture applications. Original satellite sensors, such as Landsat and SPOT, have commonly been used for agricultural applications over large geographic areas since the 1970s, but they have limited use for precision agriculture because of their relatively coarse spatial resolution and long revisit time. Recent developments in high resolution satellite sensors have significantly narrowed the gap in spatial resolution between satellite imagery and airborne imagery. Since the first high resolution satellite sensor IKONOS was launched in 1999, numerous commercial high resolution satellite sensors have become available. These imaging sensors not only provide images with high spatial resolution, but can also repeatedly view the same target area. The high revisit frequency and fast data turnaround time, combined with their relatively large aerial coverage, make high resolution satellite sensors attractive for many applications, including precision agriculture. This article will provide an overview of commercially available high resolution satellite sensors that have been used or have potential for precision agriculture. The applications of these sensors for precision agriculture are reviewed and application examples based on the studies conducted by the author and his collaborators are provided to illustrate how high resolution satellite imagery has been used for crop identification, crop yield variability mapping and pest management. Some challenges and future directions on the use of high resolution satellite sensors and other types of remote sensors for precision agriculture are discussed.

关键词： high resolution satellite sensor multispectral imagery precision agriculture spatial resolution temporal resolution

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Modeling and analysis of controllable output property of cantilever-beam inertial sensors based on magnetic

Guixiong LIU, Peiqiang ZHANG, Chen XU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0035-8

摘要： Magnetic fluid is first introduced into the traditional cantilever-beam senor. Based on the property of the cantilever-beam and the novel controllable mag-viscosity of magnetic fluid, the output of cantilever-beam sensors is under control so that the controllable output of the sensors can be realized. The mathematical model of the sensors is established and analyzed. The dynamic control function and the following educational results, which include the two curves of the displacement ratio and phase function with the different damping ratio and frequency ratio, are obtained based on the model. The result shows that it is valid to realize the controllable output of the sensors by controlling the viscosity of the magnetic fluid, and finally the expanded measurement range can be realized.

关键词： sensors magnetic fluid property of mag-viscosity controllable output

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Soft curvature sensors for measuring the rotational angles of mechanical fingers

Haixiao LIU, Li LI, Zhikang OUYANG, Wei SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第4期页码 610-621 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0596-0

摘要： The design, fabrication, and testing of soft sensors that measure elastomer curvature and mechanical finger bending are described in this study. The base of the soft sensors is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a translucent elastomer. The main body of the soft sensors consists of three layers of silicone rubber plate, and the sensing element is a microchannel filled with gallium-indium-tin (Ga-In-Sn) alloy, which is embedded in the elastomer. First, the working principle of soft sensors is investigated, and their structure is designed. Second, the relationship between curvature and resistance is determined. Third, several sensors with different specifications are built in accordance with the structural design. Experiments show that the sensors exhibit high accuracy when the curvature changes within a certain range. Lastly, the soft sensors are applied to the measurement of mechanical finger bending. Experiments show that soft curvature sensors can effectively reflect mechanical finger bending and can be used to measure the bending of mechanical fingers with high sensitivity within a certain working range.

关键词： soft sensor Ga-In-Sn alloy strain sensing curvature sensing mechanical finger bending

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MEMS-based thermoelectric infrared sensors: A review

Dehui XU, Yuelin WANG, Bin XIONG, Tie LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 557-566 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0441-2

摘要：

In the past decade, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based thermoelectric infrared (IR) sensors have received considerable attention because of the advances in micromachining technology. This paper presents a review of MEMS-based thermoelectric IR sensors. The first part describes the physics of the device and discusses the figures of merit. The second part discusses the sensing materials, thermal isolation microstructures, absorber designs, and packaging methods for these sensors and provides examples. Moreover, the status of sensor implementation technology is examined from a historical perspective by presenting findings from the early years to the most recent findings.

关键词： thermoelectric infrared sensor CMOS-MEMS thermopile micromachining wafer-level package

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Situational Awareness in Construction and Facility Management

Burcu Akinci

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 283-289 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014037

摘要： Engineers and managers involved in construction and facility/infrastructure operations need situational awareness about the as-is conditions when making daily decisions and developing short- and long-term plans. Yet, currently situational awareness of engineers is often challenged due to missing data and the available data not being in a format that is easily accessible and actionable. Advances in reality capture technologies, such as 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, in-situ sensing, equipment on-board instrumentation and electronic tagging, streamline the capturing of the as-is conditions on job sites. The data collected from these technologies, integrated with building information models depicting the as-planned conditions, can help in creating and storing the history of as-is conditions of a facility to support a variety of decisions that engineers and managers need to make. While the opportunities associated with integrating building information models and data capture technologies are compelling, several challenges need to be addressed through research for effective usage of these technologies. Such challenges include assessing the accuracy of the data collected at the field, developing and evaluating data processing and data fusion approaches, formalizing integrated representation of building information models and sensor and other relevant data, and investigating and developing approaches for analyzing and visualizing such integrated information models. This paper provides examples of recent research studies done at the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University that demonstrate opportunities associated with integrating building information models and sensor information for facility operations.

关键词： building information models (BIM) sensors facility operations and management construction management situational awareness

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高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术研究综述 Review Article

罗月阳1,张新民1,Manabu Kano2,邓龙3,杨春节1,宋执环1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 327-354 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200366

摘要：在高能耗、高污染、极为复杂的冶炼过程中，高炉是极为重要的反应器。软测量技术是在线实时预测反映高炉能耗和运行稳定性质量指标的关键技术，在节能减排、提高产品质量和带来经济效益方面发挥着重要作用。随着物联网、大数据和人工智能的发展，高炉炼铁过程中的数据驱动软测量技术受到越来越多关注，但目前尚无关于高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的系统性总结与评价。本文详细总结了高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的最新研究成果与发展现状。具体而言，首先对高炉炼铁中使用的各种数据驱动软测量建模方法（如多尺度方法、自适应方法、深度学习等）进行了全面分类总结与分析。其次，对高炉炼铁中数据驱动软测量技术的应用现状（如硅含量、熔铁温度、气体利用率等）作对比分析。最后，展望了数据驱动软测量技术在高炉数字孪生、多源信息融合、碳达峰与碳中和等方面的潜在挑战和未来发展趋势。

关键词：软测量；数据驱动建模；机器学习；深度学习；高炉；炼铁过程

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Key point selection in large-scale FBG temperature sensors for thermal error modeling of heavy-duty CNC

Jianmin HU, Zude ZHOU, Quan LIU, Ping LOU, Junwei YAN, Ruiya LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 442-451 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0543-0

摘要： Thermal error is one of the main factors that influence the machining accuracy of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It is usually reduced by thermal error compensation. Temperature field monitoring and key temperature measurement point (TMP) selection are the bases of thermal error modeling and compensation for CNC machine tools. Compared with small- and medium-sized CNC machine tools, heavy-duty CNC machine tools require the use of more temperature sensors to measure their temperature comprehensively because of their larger size and more complex heat sources. However, the presence of many TMPs counteracts the movement of CNC machine tools due to sensor cables, and too many temperature variables may adversely influence thermal error modeling. Novel temperature sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are developed in this study. A total of 128 FBG temperature sensors that are connected in series through a thin optical fiber are mounted on a heavy-duty CNC machine tool to monitor its temperature field. Key TMPs are selected using these large-scale FBG temperature sensors by using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm to reduce the calculation workload and avoid problems in the coupling of TMPs for thermal error modeling. Back propagation neural network thermal error prediction models are established to verify the performance of the proposed TMP selection method. Results show that the number of TMPs is reduced from 128 to 5, and the developed model demonstrates good prediction effects and strong robustness under different working conditions of the heavy-duty CNC machine tool.

关键词： thermal error heavy-duty CNC machine tools FBG key TMPs prediction model

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基于自适应双光梳系统的高分辨率快速热传感器 Special Feature on Precision Measurement and Inst

Yi-zheng GUO, Ming YAN, Qiang HAO, Kang-wen YANG, Xu-ling SHEN, He-ping ZENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第5期页码 674-684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800347

摘要：提出一种基于自适应双光梳光谱测量系统的相移光纤布拉格光栅（PFBG）高分辨率快速热传感技术。与传统双光梳系统相比，自适应双光梳系统以两个自由运行的光纤激光器为光源，消除了严格的锁相反馈环节，极大降低了系统复杂度。利用自适应技术对光梳梳齿的快速不稳定性进行较好补偿，通过对干涉图进行时域快速傅里叶变换，精确表征了PFBG的光学响应。单次采集可在几十毫秒内完成，光谱分辨率为0.1 pm，对应的热测量分辨率为0.01 ℃。测量的光谱带宽超过14 nm，说明动态测量范围较大。自适应双光梳系统采用宽松的自控制方案，在室外实际应用中显示出巨大潜力。

关键词：干涉仪；光纤传感器；激光光谱学

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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal

Miguel Martínez-Calvo, Sandra A. Bright, Emma B. Veale, Adam F. Henwood, D. Clive Williams, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 61-75 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1862-8

摘要： Four new fluorescent sensors ( - ) based on the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores ( ) have been synthesized based on the classical fluorophore-spacer-receptor model. These four compounds all gave rise to emission bands centred at 535 nm, which were found to be highly pH dependent, the emission being ‘switched on’ in acidic media, while being quenched due to PET from the amino moieties to the excited state of the at more alkaline pH. The luminescent pH dependence for these probes was found to be highly dependent on the substitution on the imide site, as well as the polyamine chain attached to the position 4-amino moiety. In the case of sensor the presence of the 4-amino-aniline dominated the pH dependent quenching. Nevertheless, at higher pH, PET quenching was also found to occur from the polyamine site. Hence, is better described as a receptor -spacer -fluorophore-spacer -receptor system, where the dominant PET process is due to (normally less favourable) ‘directional’ PET quenching from the 4-amino-aniline unit to the site. Similar trends and pH fluorescence dependences were also seen for and . These compounds were also tested for their imaging potential and toxicity against HeLa cells (using DRAQ5 as nuclear stain which does now show pH dependent changes in acidic and neutral pH) and the results demonstrated that these compounds have reduced cellular viability at moderately high concentrations (with IC values between ca. 8‒30 µmol∙L ), but were found to be suitable for intracellular pH determination at 1 µmol∙L concentrations, where no real toxicity was observed. This allowed us to employ these as lysosomal probes at sub-toxic concentrations, where the based emission was found to be pH depended, mirroring that seen in aqueous solution for , with the main fluorescence changes occurring within acidic to neutral pH.

关键词： sensors pH photoinduced electron transfer cellular imaging confocal microscopy

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可穿戴式传感器评估个体暴露环境

Uwe Schlink, Maximilian Ueberham

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 285-289 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.023

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因果模型启发的复杂工业过程软传感器自动化特征选择方法 Article

孙衍宁, 秦威, 胡锦华, 许鸿伟, 孙兆辉

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 82-93 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.019

摘要：

关键性能指标（KPI）的软测量在复杂工业过程决策中起着至关重要的作用。许多研究人员已经使用先进的机器学习（ML）或深度学习（DL）模型开发出了数据驱动的软传感器。其中，特征选择是一个关键的问题，因为一个原始的工业数据集通常是高维的，并不是所有的特征都有利于软传感器的建立。一种完善的特征选择方法不应该依赖于超参数和后续的ML或DL模型。换言之，这种特征选择方法应该能够自动地选择一个特征子集进行软传感器建模，选择的每个特征对工业KPI 都有独特的因果影响。因此，本研究提出了一种受因果模型启发的自动特征选择方法，用于工业KPI 的软测量。首先，受后非线性因果模型的启发，本研究将数据驱动的软传感器与信息论相结合，以量化原始工业数据集中每个特征和KPI之间的因果效应。然后，提出了一种新的特征选择方法，即自动选择具有非零因果效应的特征来构造特征子集。最后，利用所构造的子集，通过AdaBoost 集成策略开发KPI 的软传感器。两个实际工业应用中的实验证实了该方法的有效性。在未来，该方法也可以应用于其他工业过程，以帮助开发更先进的数据驱动的软传感器。

关键词：大数据分析机器智能质量预测软传感器智能制造

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Structural health monitoring with fiber optic sensors

F. ANSARI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 103-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0032-y

摘要： Optical fiber sensors have been successfully implemented in aeronautics, mechanical systems, and medical applications. Civil structures pose further challenges in monitoring mainly due to their large dimensions, diversity and heterogeneity of materials involved, and hostile construction environment. This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil engineering structures with optical fiber sensors. The issues discussed include basic sensor principles, strain transfer mechanism, sensor packaging, sensor placement in construction environment, and reliability and survivability of the sensors.

关键词： Bridges structural health monitoring smart skins cracks strains displacements fiber optic sensors FBG structures

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Development of an experimental platform for research in energy and electrical machine control

Ali HMIDET, Rachid DHIFAOUI, Driss SAIDANI, Othman HASNAOUI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 366-375 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0106-x

摘要： This paper presents the development of a test bench dedicated for electrical machines and energy control, as realized by the research team of the Power Systems and Electrical Machines Laboratory (RME) of the National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT) in Tunisia. The principal components of the proposed test bench are explained, and the respective characteristics are given. This paper focuses on mounting low-cost sensors and developing reliable scientific results. The relevant obtained results in photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy fields, power measurement and control, as well as alternating current (AC) machine drives are likewise presented. These are supported by two signal processing controller boards based on Technosoft MCK240 and dSPACE DS1104 kits. In the wind energy field, some results relative to Self Excited Induction Generator dedicated to supplying isolated sites are discussed; in addition, water pumping is discussed for PV energy. In the AC drives area, the results of a closed loop control are presented using a developed direct voltage control (DVC) scheme implemented on dSPACE DS1104. Maps and interesting details of some realized sensors are also presented.

关键词： test bench induction motor solar energy wind energy AC/DC/AC converter sensors and power measurements

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Cyber–physical systems development for construction applications

Chinemelu J. ANUMBA, Abiola AKANMU, Xiao YUAN, Congwen KAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 72-87 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0130-4

摘要： Cyber–physical systems (CPS) are intended to facilitate the tight coupling of the cyber and physical worlds. Their potential for enhancing the delivery and management of constructed facilities is now becoming understood. In these systems, it is vital to ensure bi-directional consistency between construction components and their digital replicas. This paper introduces the key features of CPS and describes why they are ideally suited for addressing a number of problems in the delivery of construction projects. It draws on examples of research prototypes developed using surveys, field experiments, and prototyping methodologies, to outline the key features and benefits of CPS for construction applications and the approach to their development. In addition, it outlines the lessons learned from developing various systems for the design, construction and management of constructed facilities, which include building component placement and tracking, temporary structures monitoring, and mobile crane safety. The paper concludes that the construction industry stands to reap numerous benefits from the adoption of CPS. It states that the future direction of CPS in construction will be driven by technological developments and the extent to which CPS is deployed in new application areas.

关键词： cyber–physical systems components temporary structures cranes sensors