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First law-based thermodynamic analysis on Kalina cycle

ZHANG Ying, HE Maogang, JIA Zhen, LIU Xun

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 145-151 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0021-6

Abstract: Based on the first law of thermodynamics, and adopting the Peng-Robinson equation (P-R equation) as the

Keywords： ammonia-water     P-R     single-stage distillation     Peng-Robinson     pressure    

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Optimization of cellulase production using

Saravanan P, Muthuvelayudham R, Rajesh Kannan R, Viruthagiri T

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1225-1

Abstract: The potential of for cellulase production using pineapple waste as substrate has been investigated. A maximum cellulase activity of 9.23 U/mL is obtained under the optimum experimental conditions: pH (5.5), temperature (37.5°C), initial substrate concentration (3%), inoculum concentration (6.6 × 10 ?CFU/mL), and culture time (6 days). Box-Behnken design (BBD) statistical tool and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to optimize the process parameters. The BBD study of linear and quadratic interactive effects of experimental variables on the desired response of cellulase activity showed that the second order polynomial is significant ( = 0.9414). The experimental cellulase activity under the optimal conditions identified by the BBD is 9.23 U/mL and that by GA is 6.98 U/mL. This result indicates that the BBD model gives better result than GA in the present case.

Keywords： cellulase     pineapple waste     Trichoderma reesei     Box-Behnken design     genetic algorithm    

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

Abstract: This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

Keywords： demand-side reserves     dynamic reserve activation approach     hydro power units     post contingency     sequential reserve activation approach     spinning reserves    

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Impact analysis of compressor rotor blades of an aircraft engine

Y B SUDHIR SASTRY, B G KIROS, F HAILU, P R BUDARAPU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 505-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0493-3

Abstract: Frequent failures due to foreign particle impacts are observed in compressor blades of the interceptor fighter MIG-23 aircraft engines in the Ethiopian air force, supplied by the Dejen Aviation Industry. In this paper, we made an attempt to identify the causes of failure and hence recommend the suitable materials to withstand the foreign particle impacts. Modal and stress analysis of one of the recently failed MIG-23 gas turbine compressor blades made up of the following Aluminum based alloys: 6061-T6, 7075-T6, and 2024-T4, has been performed, apart from the impact analysis of the rotor blades hit by a granite stone. The numerical results are correlated to the practical observations. Based on the modal, stress and impact analysis and the material properties of the three considered alloys, alloy 7075-T6 has been recommended as the blade material.

Keywords： axial flow compressor     rotor and stator blades     aircraft engine     stress and impact analysis     aluminum alloys    

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Purification of artemisinin from quercetin by anti-solvent crystallization

Chandrakant R. MALWADE, Haiyan QU, Ben-Guang RONG, Lars P. CHRISTENSEN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 72-78 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1305-x

Abstract: In the present work, anti-solvent crystallization of artemisinin from four different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and acetone) was studied. Water was used as anti-solvent. The effect of an impurity (quercetin) on the performance of anti-solvent crystallization of artemisinin was investigated. The fundamental process data such as solubility of artemisinin in pure organic solvents and their binary mixtures with varying composition water were measured at room temperature. The solubility of quercetin was measured only in pure organic solvents at room temperature. Anti-solvent crystallization experiments were designed based on the fundamental process data determined. Firstly, the anti-solvent crystallization of artemisinin without impurity was performed from all four organic solvents and then the experiments were repeated with addition of an impurity (quercetin) while keeping all other process parameters constant. Two different concentrations of impurity, i.e., 10% and 50% of its solubility, in the respective organic solvents at room temperature were used. The effect of impurity on performance of anti-solvent crystallization was evaluated by comparing the yield and purity of the artemisinin obtained with those in the absence of impurity. Results of the present work demonstrated that the presence of quercetin in the solution does not affect the final yield of artemisinin from the solution of each of four organic solvents used. However, the purity of artemisinin crystals were reduced when quercetin concentration was 50% of its solubility in all solvents studied.

Keywords： anti-solvent crystallization     artemisinin     quercetin     solubility     Artemisia annua    

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Inhibition of NO emission by adding antioxidant mixture in

PRABU,R. B. ANAND

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 238-245 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0356-8

Abstract: In this paper, the effect of adding an antioxidant mixture in biodiesel as fuel, in a single cylinder, direct injection compression ignition engine was experimentally investigated and the level of pollutants in the exhaust and performance characteristics of the engine were analyzed. Nine test fuels were prepared with three antioxidants, namely, Succinimide (C H NO ), , dimethyl- -phenylenediamine-dihydrochloride (C H Cl N ), and -phenyl- -phenylenediamine (C H NHC H NH ) added to neat biodiesel at 500 parts per million (ppm), 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm and the observed experimental results were compared with those of neat biodiesel and neat diesel as base fuels. The comparison showed that NO emission was reduced drastically for the test fuels with the antioxidant addition of 2000 ppm. The maximum reduction of 10% of NO emission was observed for the antioxidant mixture in neat biodiesel, with a slight increase in unburned HC, CO and smoke opacity. In addition, the obtained experimental results reveal that the addition of two antioxidants as mixture in neat biodiesel caused improved NO emission reduction for all test fuels.

Keywords： NO emission     antioxidants     Succinimide     N     N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine-dihydrochloride     N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine    

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A solution to unit commitment problem using invasive weed optimization algorithm

R. VASUDEVAN, D. P. KOTHARI

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 487-494 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0279-1

Abstract: Unit commitment (UC) is one of the most important aspect of power generation in the world today. Though, there is no method to find the exact optimized solution, there exists several meta-heuristic algorithms to determine the close to exact solution. This paper proposes a novel solution to effectively determine UC and generation cost using the technique of invasive weed optimization (IWO). The existing technique distributes the load demand among all the generating units. The method proposed here utilizes the output of UC obtained by using the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method and calculates the required generation from only the plants that are ON discarding the OFF generator units and thereby giving a faster and more accurate response. Moreover, the results show the comparison between the LR-particle swarm optimization (PSO) and LR-IWO, and prove that the cost of generation for a 4 unit, 8 hour schedule is much less in the case of IWO when compared to PSO.

Keywords： Lagrangian relaxation (LR)     invasive weed optimization (IWO)     economic dispatch     optimization     fuel cost     seed     fitness    

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Carbon dioxide: a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals

Yogesh P. PATIL, Pawan J. TAMBADE, Sachin R. JAGTAP, Bhalchandra M. BHANAGE,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 213-235 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0227-0

Abstract: The syntheses of carbon dioxide (CO) based industrially important chemicals have gained considerable interest in view of the sustainable chemistry and “green chemistry” concepts. In this review, recent developments in the chemical fixation of CO to valuable chemicals are discussed. The synthesis of five-member cyclic carbonates , cycloaddition of CO to epoxides is one of the promising reactions replacing the existing poisonous phosgene-based synthetic route. This review focuses on the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, vinyl carbamates, and quinazoline-2,4(1,3)-diones reaction of CO and epoxide, amines/phenyl acetylene, 2-aminobenzinitrile and other chemicals. Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate, 1,3-disubstituted urea and 2-oxazolidinones/2-imidazolidinones have limitations at present because of the reaction equilibrium and chemical inertness of CO. The preferred alternatives for their synthesis like transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol, transamination of ethylene carbonate with primary amine and transamination reaction of ethylene carbonate with diamines/-aminoalcohols are discussed. These methodologies offer marked improvements for greener chemical fixation of CO in to industrially important chemicals.

Keywords： inertness     CO     phosgene-based synthetic     quinazoline-2     4     equilibrium    

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Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

Elvia ALVA R.,Marquidia PACHECO P.,Fernando GÓMEZ B.,Joel PACHECO P.,Arturo COLÍN C.,Hilda FRÍAS P.

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 301-305 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0344-z

Abstract: <p>This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internalp>

Keywords： plasma treatment     NOx     CO     CO2     particulate matter     vehicle    

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Metal cation removal by P(VC-r-AA) copolymer ultrafiltration membranes

Nachuan Wang, Jun Wang, Peng Zhang, Wenbin Wang, Chuangchao Sun, Ling Xiao, Chen Chen, Bin Zhao, Qingran Kong, Baoku Zhu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 262-272 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1682-7

Abstract: A series of amphiphilic copolymers containing poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid) (P(VC-r-AA) ) was synthesizedThe copolymer P(VC-r-AA) chains did not dissolved in a coagulation bath, indicating that the AA segments

Keywords： poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid)     negatively charged PVC membrane     anti-fouling     heavy metal adsorption    

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Performance analysis of new word weighting procedures for opinion mining Article

R. BRINDHA,P. SWAMINATHAN,B. SANTHI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1186-1198 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500283

Abstract: The proliferation of forums and blogs leads to challenges and opportunities for processing large amounts of information. The information shared on various topics often contains opinionated words which are qualitative in nature. These qualitative words need statistical computations to convert them into useful quantitative data. This data should be processed properly since it expresses opinions. Each of these opinion bearing words differs based on the significant meaning it conveys. To process the linguistic meaning of words into data and to enhance opinion mining analysis, we propose a novel weighting scheme, referred to as inferred word weighting (IWW). IWW is computed based on the significance of the word in the document (SWD) and the significance of the word in the expression (SWE) to enhance their performance. The proposed weighting methods give an analytic view and provide appropriate weights to the words compared to existing methods. In addition to the new weighting methods, another type of checking is done on the performance of text classification by including stop-words. Generally, stop-words are removed in text processing. When this new concept of including stop-words is applied to the proposed and existing weighting methods, two facts are observed: (1) Classification performance is enhanced; (2) The outcome difference between inclusion and exclusion of stop-words is smaller in the proposed methods, and larger in existing methods. The inferences provided by these observations are discussed. Experimental results of the benchmark data sets show the potential enhancement in terms of classification accuracy.

Keywords： Inferred word weight     Opinion mining     Supervised classification     Support vector machine (SVM)     Machine learning    

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Performance of insulated FRP-strengthened concrete flexural members under fire conditions

Pratik P. BHATT, Venkatesh K. R. KODUR, Anuj M. SHAKYA, Tarek ALKHRDAJI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 177-193 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0714-z

Abstract: This paper presents the results of fire resistance tests on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened concrete flexural members, i.e., T-beams and slabs. The strengthened members were protected with fire insulation and tested under the combined effects of thermal and structural loading. The variables considered in the tests include the applied load level, extent of strengthening, and thickness of the fire insulation applied to the beams and slabs. Furthermore, a previously developed numerical model was validated against the data generated from the fire tests; subsequently, it was utilized to undertake a case study. Results from fire tests and numerical studies indicate that owing to the protection provided by the fire insulation, the insulated CFRP-strengthened beams and slabs can withstand four and three hours of standard fire exposure, respectively, under service load conditions. The insulation layer impedes the temperature rise in the member; therefore, the CFRP–concrete composite action remains active for a longer duration and the steel reinforcement temperature remains below 400°C, which in turn enhances the capacity of the beams and slabs.

Keywords： concrete beams     concrete slabs     carbon fiber-reinforced polymers     fire resistance     FRP strengthening     repair     retrofitting    

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Machine Learning in Chemical Engineering: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Perspective

Maarten R. Dobbelaere, Pieter P. Plehiers, Ruben Van de Vijver, Christian V. Stevens, Kevin M.

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 9,   Pages 1201-1211 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.019

Abstract: <p>Chemical engineers rely on models for design, research, and daily decision-making, often with potentiallyp>

Keywords： Artificial intelligence     Machine learning     Reaction engineering     Process engineering    

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Synthesis of ［RMIm］PF6（R=P, B, C6）ionic liquid under microwave irradiation and research of its conductivity

He Yongfu

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 9,   Pages 92-95

Abstract: <p style="text-align: justify;">By microwave irradiation, the intermediate compounds of imidazolium ionicp>

Keywords： ionic liquids     microwave irradiation     conductivity     [BMIm]PF6     [PMIm]PF6     [C6MIm]PF6    

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State of Science: Why Does Rework Occur in Construction? What Are Its Consequences? And What Can be Done to Mitigate Its Occurrence? Review

Love, Jane Matthews, Michael C.P. Sing, Stuart R. Porter, Weili Fang

Engineering 2022, Volume 18, Issue 11,   Pages 246-258 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.010

Abstract: <p>There has been a wealth of research that has examined the nature of rework in construction. p>

Keywords： Construction     Errors     Error-mastery culture     Pathogens     Rework     Violations    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

First law-based thermodynamic analysis on Kalina cycle

ZHANG Ying, HE Maogang, JIA Zhen, LIU Xun

Journal Article

Optimization of cellulase production using

Saravanan P, Muthuvelayudham R, Rajesh Kannan R, Viruthagiri T

Journal Article

Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

Journal Article

Impact analysis of compressor rotor blades of an aircraft engine

Y B SUDHIR SASTRY, B G KIROS, F HAILU, P R BUDARAPU

Journal Article

Purification of artemisinin from quercetin by anti-solvent crystallization

Chandrakant R. MALWADE, Haiyan QU, Ben-Guang RONG, Lars P. CHRISTENSEN

Journal Article

Inhibition of NO emission by adding antioxidant mixture in

PRABU,R. B. ANAND

Journal Article

A solution to unit commitment problem using invasive weed optimization algorithm

R. VASUDEVAN, D. P. KOTHARI

Journal Article

Carbon dioxide: a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals

Yogesh P. PATIL, Pawan J. TAMBADE, Sachin R. JAGTAP, Bhalchandra M. BHANAGE,

Journal Article

Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

Elvia ALVA R.,Marquidia PACHECO P.,Fernando GÓMEZ B.,Joel PACHECO P.,Arturo COLÍN C.,Hilda FRÍAS P.

Journal Article

Metal cation removal by P(VC-r-AA) copolymer ultrafiltration membranes

Nachuan Wang, Jun Wang, Peng Zhang, Wenbin Wang, Chuangchao Sun, Ling Xiao, Chen Chen, Bin Zhao, Qingran Kong, Baoku Zhu

Journal Article

Performance analysis of new word weighting procedures for opinion mining

R. BRINDHA,P. SWAMINATHAN,B. SANTHI

Journal Article

Performance of insulated FRP-strengthened concrete flexural members under fire conditions

Pratik P. BHATT, Venkatesh K. R. KODUR, Anuj M. SHAKYA, Tarek ALKHRDAJI

Journal Article

Machine Learning in Chemical Engineering: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

Maarten R. Dobbelaere, Pieter P. Plehiers, Ruben Van de Vijver, Christian V. Stevens, Kevin M.

Journal Article

Synthesis of ［RMIm］PF6（R=P, B, C6）ionic liquid under microwave irradiation and research of its conductivity

He Yongfu

Journal Article

State of Science: Why Does Rework Occur in Construction? What Are Its Consequences? And What Can be Done to Mitigate Its Occurrence?

Love, Jane Matthews, Michael C.P. Sing, Stuart R. Porter, Weili Fang

Journal Article