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Current Situation and Prospect of Control on Air Pollutants from Coal-Fired Power in China
Wang Zhixuan and Liu Zhiqiang
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 9, Pages 56-62
Since 2011, China has made great achievements on the control of air pollutions from coal-fired plants. The total amount and intensity of air pollution emission including dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide declined rapidly. The technology of emission control has reached the world level. In the 13th Five-Year Plan and even a longer period, coal-fired power plants will still take on heavy responsibility of the atmospheric pollutants emission reduction. Pollutants-control technologies of high performance, high reliability, high applicability and high efficiency, resource recovery technologies and cooperative control technologies of multiple pollutants are the main research directions of air pollution control technology of plants in China in the future. By 2020, the expected annual amount of emission of dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from coal-fired power will reduce to 2×105~3×105 t, 1×106~1.5×106 t, 1×106~1.5×106 t, respectively.
Keywords： coal-fired power plant air pollutants emission reduction prospect
Sun Keqin,Xu Haitao,Shen Kai,Zhou Changcheng,Xu Yanzhong
Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 91-96
According to the discussion of the development course and the current situation of the air pollution treatment technologies in China, the choke point of the research and development (R&D) pattern for air pollution treatment technologies is analyzed and a new technology development pattern is founded. The core of the pattern is multi-scales and system class simulation. The key point experiments and engineering regression are used as assistant instruments. This new pattern is successfully used to develop the flue gas desulfurization and denitrification technology for high capacity power plants. And the technology has already realized the large-scale application. Using this pattern, a new technology can be finally developed and made it maturity in a short period.
Keywords： air pollution power industry research and development (R&D) R&D pattern
Near-Zero Air Pollutant Emission Technologies and Applications for Clean Coal-Fired Power Article
Shumin Wang
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 1408-1422 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.018
Coal is the dominant energy source in China, and coal-fired power accounts for about half of coal consumption. However, air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants cause severe ecological and environmental problems. This paper focuses on near-zero emission technologies and applications for clean coal-fired power. The long-term operation states of near-zero emission units were evaluated, and synergistic and special mercury (Hg) control technologies were researched. The results show that the principle technical route of near-zero emission, which was applied to 101 of China’s coal-fired units, has good adaptability to coal properties. The emission concentrations of particulate matter (PM), SO2, and NOx were below the emission limits of gas-fired power plants and the compliance rates of the hourly average emission concentrations reaching near-zero emission in long-term operation exceeded 99%. With the application of near-zero emission technologies, the generating costs increased by about 0.01 CNY∙(kW∙h)–1. However, the total emissions of air pollutants decreased by about 90%, resulting in effective improvement of the ambient air quality. Furthermore, while the Hg emission concentrations of the near-zero emission units ranged from 0.51 to 2.89 μg∙m–3, after the modified fly ash (MFA) special Hg removal system was applied, Hg emission concentration reached as low as 0.29 μg∙m–3. The operating cost of this system was only 10%–15% of the cost of mainstream Hg removal technology using activated carbon injection. Based on experimental studies carried out in a 50 000 m3∙h–1 coal-fired flue gas pollutant control pilot platform, the interaction relationships of multi-pollutant removal were obtained and solutions were developed for emissions reaching different limits. A combined demonstration application for clean coal-fired power, with the new "1123” eco-friendly emission limits of 1, 10, 20 mg∙m–3, and 3 μg∙m–3, respectively, for PM, SO2, NOx, and Hg from near-zero emission coal-fired power were put forward and realized, providing engineering and technical support for the national enhanced pollution emission standards.
Keywords： Clean coal-fired power Air pollutants Near-zero emission Pilot platform New ‘‘1123” eco-friendly emission limits
Technology Roadmap on Air Pollution Control for Coal Utilization in Medium and Long Term
Hao Jiming,Wang Jinnan,Wang Zhixuan,Gao Xiang,Gao Jinsheng,Li Fan,Jiang Peixue and Xu Jiayu
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 9, Pages 42-48
Air pollution is closely related to energy consumption. Coal-dominated energy structure in China determines that the main cause of air pollution is from coal consumption. Based on the analysis of current coal consumption status in major sectors in China, coal utilization pollution control technology roadmap for the main sectors, such as electric power industry, coking, industrial boiler and stove, and core strategies for coal clean utilization in the medium-term (2015—2020) and long-term (2015—2030) are suggested in this study.
Keywords： coal air pollution energy structure emission control technology roadmap
Xi Lu, Shaojun Zhang, Jia Xing, Yunjie Wang, Wenhui Chen, Dian Ding, Ye Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Duan, Jiming Hao
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 1423-1431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.014
China's past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels, causing serious air pollution issues. Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China. We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China, highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management. Emission control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007. Since 2013, control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy. Increasing ozone (O3) pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions. Fundamental improvement of air quality in China, as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction, demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.
Keywords： Air pollution control Ecological civilization PM2.5 Low-carbon development Ozone
Non-pressurized Heating Reactor——a Realizable And Economical Clean Energy
Tian Jiafu
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 74-76
The substitution of a large-scale clean energy for burning coal is needed in China because of serious pollution in cities and CO2 emission. Nuclear energy is an option of the clean energy, it can not only be used for generating electricity but also for urban district heating in stead of coal. A non-pressurized heating reactor has been designed based on experience of pool type research reactors of China. It can supply heat for urban district heating system and has a high level of safety and reliability. This is a realizable and economical solution for clean energy supply. Since the district heating systems are plentifully developed in cities of China, the heating sources which can be used in the systems will be able to improve air-environment and decrease greenhouse gas emission in a large-scale.
Keywords： atmospheric pollution greenhouse gas nuclear heating
Evaluation of Measures for Comprehensive Environmental Control in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Wu Jian, Xu Jiayu, Hao Jiming
Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 99-105 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.006
Within years of environmental governance, many comprehensive environmental control measures have been taken in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region to cope with air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution, and ecological damages. These measures could be summarized as industrial restructuring, energy structure adjustment, transportation structure adjustment, land use structure adjustment, and green transformation of agriculture and rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted to distinguish the comprehensive benefits of these measures, and the comprehensive benefits were evaluated using a cloud model evaluation method. Result shows that these comprehensive benefits are ranked from high to low as industrial restructuring, energy structure adjustment, transportation structure adjustment, land use structure adjustment, and green transformation of agriculture and rural areas. This method and the result can provide a scientific foundation for the selection of comprehensive control measures for treating multiple pollution media in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.
Keywords： comprehensive environmental control air pollution water pollution solid waste disposal ecological environment
Gai Xinlei: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Chemical Mechanism of Air Pollutants（2020.1.10）
盖鑫磊(高级职称)
13 Mar 2020
Keywords： 大气污染
Xu Xiangde,Ding Guoan
Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 10, Pages 10-22
An ensemble platform on generalized source tracking of urban air pollutants and an emission source assimilation with application of satellite remote sensing has been proposed. The ensemble platform of generalized urban air pollutant source tracking is built on principal factor analysis of aerosol emissions, aerosol variation spectrum analysis, feature analysis on aerosol changes with phase within urban canopy layer, wind vectors correlating with remote pollutant transport, back forward trajectories and boundary layers affecting the foot mark methods. Also, in order to reduce the emission source uncertainties, which is a key difficulty in air quality modeling, the Newton approximation nudging technology has been applied in the air pollutant modeling based on the seasonal or monthly SO2 and NO2 emissions, and the remote sensing data of air pollutants have been applied on the data assimilation in air pollutant modeling. The integration approach with remote sensing and ground based observations could be used in the research on urban air pollutant tracking, urban haze and heat island. The comprehensive analysis of land water air cycles is attempted as an exploratory study on water pollutant source tracking.
Keywords： generalized method nudging source pollutant source tracking satellite remote sensing surface land water air
Qingli Zhang, Renjie Chen, Guanjin Yin, Xihao Du, Xia Meng, Yang Qiu, Haidong Kan, Maigeng Zhou
Engineering 2022, Volume 14, Issue 7, Pages 156-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.006
A composite Air Health Index (AHI) is helpful for separately emphasizing the health risks of multiple stimuli and communicating the overall risks of an adverse atmospheric environment to the public. We aimed to establish a new AHI by integrating daily mortality risks due to air pollution with those due to non-optimum temperature in China. Based on the exposure-response (E-R) coefficients obtained from time-series models, the new AHI was constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with air pollutants and non-optimum temperature in 272 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015. We examined the association between the "total AHI" (based on total mortality) and total mortality, and further compared the ability of the "total AHI" to predict specific cardiopulmonary mortality with that of "specific AHIs" (based on specific mortalities). On average, air pollution and non-optimum temperature were associated with 28.23% of daily excess mortality, of which 23.47% was associated with non-optimum temperature while the remainder was associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (1.12%), NO2 (2.29%,), and O3 (2.29%). The new AHI uses a 10-point scale and shows an average across all 272 cities of 6 points. The E-R curve for AHI and mortality is approximately linear, without any thresholds. Each one unit increase in "total AHI" is associated with a 0.84% increase in all-cause mortality and 1.01%, 0.98%, 1.02%, 1.66%, and 1.71% increases in cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality, respectively. Cause-specific mortality risk estimates using the "total AHI" are similar to those predicted by "specific AHIs." In conclusion, the "total AHI" proposed herein could be a promising tool for communicating health risks related to exposure to the ambient environment to the public.
Keywords： Air pollution Temperature Air Health Index Mortality Time-series Risk communication
Progress and Prospects on Clean Coal Technology for Power Generation
Cen Kefa,Ni Mingjiang,Gao Xiang,Luo Zhongyang,Wang Zhihua and Zheng Chenghang
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 9, Pages 49-55
Recently, air pollution has taken Chinese a great concern. The emission control of electricity industry is the key to the air quality improvement since electricity industry accounts for over 50 % of China’s coal consumption. This work introduces the progress and prospects of ultra-low emission control technologies based power generation technologies. The ultra-low emission control technologies and integrated systems are developed and optimized by the support of a series of national projects to reach the emission level of natural gas power generation units in using coal-fired units. The application and promotion of these technologies are proven to be an important solution for the air quality improvement, especially in regions with high energy-consumption, since these technologies have shown great potential for deep-cut in pollutant emissions, which will benefit both the society and the environment. In the future, the research will focus on the deep-cut of various pollutants and high-efficiency CO2 capture to lay a solid foundation for the construction of the world’s cleanest coal-fired power plants.
Keywords： coal high energy consumption density air pollution ultra-low emissions clean power generation
Cheng Liu,Youwen Sun,Changgong Shan,Wei Wang,Justus Notholt,Mathias Palm,Hao Yin,Yuan Tian,Jixi Gao,Huiqin Mao
Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 201-214 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.022
Long-term observations of the volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and total columns of key atmospheric constituents are significant for understanding climate change and the impact of the carbon budget in China. This study provides an overview of the first ground-based high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometry (FTS) observation station in China, which is located in Hefei, Eastern China. The FTS observation station can observe the total columns and VMR profiles of more than 30 atmospheric constituents. Time series of some key atmospheric constituents observed at the Hefei station since 2014 have been released to the public. The major scientific achievements obtained to date at this station include spectral retrieval characterization and harmonization, investigation of the overall characteristics of key atmospheric constituents, emission estimates, satellite and chemical transport model (CTM) evaluations, and a summary of pollutant sources and transport patterns. An outlook is also presented of the envisaged plan for observations, scientific studies, and data usage at the Hefei station. China has explicitly proposed reaching a peak in its CO2 emissions by 2030 and realizing carbon neutrality by 2060. The Hefei station will provide scientific assistance to the Chinese Government for developing green economy policies and achieving carbon neutrality and the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Keywords： Remote sensing Fourier-transform Atmospheric pollution Greenhouse gases Climate change
Strategical Research on Refined Regulations for Regional Air Quality with Climate Synergy
Wu Zhijun ,Wang Zhili , Zhang Qiang , Lu Keding , Li Xin , Hu Jianlin , Guo Song ,Xing Jia , Tong Dan,Wang Deying, Hu Jingnan, Lei Yu ,Wang Shuxiao , Gong Shanling , Hu Min, Zhang Xiaoye, He Kebin , Zhang Yuanhang
Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 164-172 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.015
Strategical research on the refined regulations for regional air quality with climate synergy is essential for continuously improving the air quality, creating a coordinated multi-pollutants reduction path, and promoting sustainable development in China.This study analyzed the evolution characteristics of regional air pollution, the multi-pollutant interaction mechanisms, and the effectiveness of air pollution prevention and control strategies and technologies. Multi-perspective analysis and integrated research were conducted to clarify the non-linear relationship among multiple pollutants and formulate a technology system for refined regional regulation. The interaction between climate change and air pollution was explored as well. By summarizing the current technical routes for air pollution and control, the medium- and long-term air quality improvement strategies and roadmaps were proposed. Considering the current situation of air pollution in China, the regulation on atmospheric oxidation is the core for the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously promote emission reduction of primary pollutants and conduct refined and coordinated reduction of VOCs and NOx emissions considering specific climate and meteorological conditions. Additionally, coordinated emission reduction of multiple types of pollutants can be realized through adjustment of energy,transportation, industry, and landuse structures as well as low-carbon transformation, thereby synchronously reducing the PM2.5 and O3 concentrations.
Keywords： air pollution fine particulate matter ozone climate change air quality improvement
The Regional Characteristics of the Atmospheric Environment and the Impact of Dust-storm in Beijing
Ren Zhenhai,Gao Qingxian,Su Fuqing,Wang Yaoting,Zhang Zhigang,Yang Xinxing
Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 49-56
The regional characteristics of the atmospheric environment and the impact in Beijing were discussed in details. Applying point set for the network, the transport passageways of the atmosphere were determined, and the concept of converging zone was put forward, and the characteristics of atmospheric pollution were analyzed. Applying the laser techniques, the vertical distribution of the aerosol was detected. It was shown that the environmental quality of the atmosphere in Beijing was relative to the pollution sources in the neighborhood around Beijing area. And it was confirmed that only by the simultaneous treatment of the pollution source in both Beijing and its neighborhood areas, can the environmental quality of the atmosphere in Beijing be improved.
By both the satellite detection techniques and the analysis of the wind stream fields of the atmosphere, the phenomena of dust-storm in China were researched, and the inner source and outersource of the dust-storm in China were determined. The especially strong dust-storm on March 22, 2002, was taken as an example, by which the distribution of the original sources of the dust-storm was resolved, and the lots of the bare lands in Spring in the north of the Yangzei River were involved. The initial process of the dust-storm appeared as a group of point sources, which were then combined into a sand-dust band. Finally, the dust-storm pollution of the large areas would appeare. The modern theory and concept for the environment in China were described chiefly.
Keywords： dust-storm transport passageway environment pollution China
Title Author Date Type Operation
Current Situation and Prospect of Control on Air Pollutants from Coal-Fired Power in China
Wang Zhixuan and Liu Zhiqiang
Journal Article
Reflection and innovation pattern of research and development of air pollution treatment technologies in power industry
Sun Keqin,Xu Haitao,Shen Kai,Zhou Changcheng,Xu Yanzhong
Journal Article
Near-Zero Air Pollutant Emission Technologies and Applications for Clean Coal-Fired Power
Shumin Wang
Journal Article
Technology Roadmap on Air Pollution Control for Coal Utilization in Medium and Long Term
Hao Jiming,Wang Jinnan,Wang Zhixuan,Gao Xiang,Gao Jinsheng,Li Fan,Jiang Peixue and Xu Jiayu
Journal Article
Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era
Xi Lu, Shaojun Zhang, Jia Xing, Yunjie Wang, Wenhui Chen, Dian Ding, Ye Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Lei Duan, Jiming Hao
Journal Article
Non-pressurized Heating Reactor——a Realizable And Economical Clean Energy
Tian Jiafu
Journal Article
Evaluation of Measures for Comprehensive Environmental Control in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Wu Jian, Xu Jiayu, Hao Jiming
Journal Article
Gai Xinlei: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Chemical Mechanism of Air Pollutants（2020.1.10）
盖鑫磊(高级职称)
13 Mar 2020
Conference Videos
Generalized method of urban air pollutant source tracking and integration approach of nudging source assimilation
Xu Xiangde,Ding Guoan
Journal Article
The Establishment of a New Air Health Index Integrating the Mortality Risks Due to Ambient Air Pollution and Non-Optimum Temperature
Qingli Zhang, Renjie Chen, Guanjin Yin, Xihao Du, Xia Meng, Yang Qiu, Haidong Kan, Maigeng Zhou
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Progress and Prospects on Clean Coal Technology for Power Generation
Cen Kefa,Ni Mingjiang,Gao Xiang,Luo Zhongyang,Wang Zhihua and Zheng Chenghang
Journal Article
Long-Term Observations of Atmospheric Constituents at the First Ground-Based High-Resolution Fourier-Transform Spectrometry Observation Station in China
Cheng Liu,Youwen Sun,Changgong Shan,Wei Wang,Justus Notholt,Mathias Palm,Hao Yin,Yuan Tian,Jixi Gao,Huiqin Mao
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Wang Feng: Requirements for Air Pollution and Environmental Management of Automobile Industry (2020-7-30)
10 Jun 2022
Conference Videos
Strategical Research on Refined Regulations for Regional Air Quality with Climate Synergy
Wu Zhijun ,Wang Zhili , Zhang Qiang , Lu Keding , Li Xin , Hu Jianlin , Guo Song ,Xing Jia , Tong Dan,Wang Deying, Hu Jingnan, Lei Yu ,Wang Shuxiao , Gong Shanling , Hu Min, Zhang Xiaoye, He Kebin , Zhang Yuanhang
Journal Article
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