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A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 586-598 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000510

Abstract: A 9.8–30.1 GHz (LNA) with a 3.2-dB minimum noise figure (NF) is presented. At the architecture level, a topology based on (CG) cascading with a common-source (CS) amplifier is proposed for simultaneous wideband input matching and relatively high gain. At the circuit level, multiple techniques are proposed to improve LNA performance. First, in the CG stage, loading effect is properly used instead of the conventional feedback technique, to enable simultaneous impedance and noise matching. Second, based on in-depth theoretical analysis, the inductor- and -based techniques are employed for the CG and CS stages, respectively, to enhance the gain and reduce power consumption. Third, the floating-body method, which was originally proposed to lower NF in CS amplifiers, is adopted in the CG stage to further reduce NF. Fabricated in a 65-nm technology, the LNA chip occupies an area of only 0.2 mm and measures a maximum power gain of 10.9 dB with −3 dB bandwidth from 9.8 to 30.1 GHz. The NF exhibits a minimum value of 3.2 dB at 15 GHz and is below 5.7 dB across the entire bandwidth. The LNA consumes 15.6 mW from a 1.2-V supply.

Keywords： CMOS；跨导提升技术；低噪声放大器；变压器；共栅级    

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Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control Research Articles

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 268-290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900447

Abstract: This study is concerned with probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) with state feedback control. A novel definition of bisimilar PBCNs is proposed to lower computational complexity. To understand more on bisimulation relations between PBCNs, we resort to a powerful matrix manipulation called semi-tensor product (STP). Because stabilization of networks is of critical importance, the propagation of stabilization with probability one between bisimilar PBCNs is then considered and proved to be attainable. Additionally, the transient periods (the maximum number of steps to implement stabilization) of two PBCNs are certified to be identical if these two networks are paired with a bisimulation relation. The results are then extended to the probabilistic Boolean networks.

Keywords： Probabilistic Boolean control network     Bisimulation     Stabilization with probability one     State feedback control    

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Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review Review Articles

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 97-115 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900491

Abstract: With a lot of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications being issued, wideband circuits and systems have attracted much attention because of their strong applicability and versatility. In this paper, four transformer-based ultra-wideband mm-Wave circuits demonstrated in CMOS technologies are reviewed from theoretical analysis, implementation, to performance. First, we introduce a mm-Wave low-noise amplifier with transformer-based Gm-boosting and pole-tuning techniques. It achieves wide operating bandwidth, low noise figure, and good gain performance. Second, we review an injection-current-boosting tech-nique which can significantly increase the locking range of mm-Wave injection-locked frequency triplers. Based on the injection- locked principle, we also discuss an ultra-wideband mm-Wave divider with the transformer-based high-order resonator. Finally, an E-band up-conversion mixer is presented; using the two-path transconductance stage and transformer-based load, it obtains good linearity and a large operating band.

Keywords： CMOS     Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave)     Ultra-wideband     Transformer     Low-noise amplifier     Injection-locked fre-quency tripler     Injection-locked frequency divider     Mixer    

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A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis Research Articles

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 9,   Pages 1260-1269 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000292

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of designing an integrated with a filter using an active . The filter is directly coupled to the active device, and the integrated filter can achieve filtering as well as matching functionalities, simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate matching networks. The filter is represented by an active , with additional columns and rows in the matrix corresponding to the active transistor. The matrix can be used to calculate the S-parameter responses (i.e., the return loss and the gain) and the initial dimensions of the integrated device. Moreover, the integration of a filter and an leads to a reduced loss and a more compact architecture of the devices. An X-band filter has been designed and demonstrated as an example. technology has been chosen because of its appealing advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and most importantly, easy integration with active devices.

Keywords： 放大器；滤波–放大器集成；微带线；耦合矩阵    

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High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method Research Article

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 1,   Pages 176-186 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200082

Abstract: A ’s linearity determines the emission signal’s quality and the efficiency of the system. Nonlinear distortion can result in system bit error, out-of-band radiation, and interference with other channels, which severely influence communication system’s quality and reliability. Starting from the third-order intermodulation point of the s, the circuit’s nonlinearity is compensated for. The analysis, design, and implementation of linear class AB mm-Wave s based on GlobalFoundries 45 nm technology are presented. Three single-ended and differential stacked s have been implemented based on cascode cells and triple cascode cells operating in U-band frequencies. According to nonlinear analysis and on-wafer measurements, designs based on triple cascode cells outperform those based on cascode cells. Using single-ended measurements, the differential achieves a measured peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 47.2% and a saturated output power () of 25.2 dBm at 44 GHz. The amplifier achieves a higher than 23 dBm and a maximum PAE higher than 25% in the measured bandwidth from 44 GHz to 50 GHz.

Keywords： CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI)     Linearity analysis     Milimeter wave (mm-Wave)     Power amplifier    

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Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Research Article

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100525

Abstract: We present a low-power inductorless wideband differential using a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process for a . With a shunt–shunt feedback and capacitive coupling structure, theoretical analysis and simulations were undertaken, highlighting the relationship of the amplifier gain with the tunable design parameters of the circuit. In this way, the design and optimization flexibility can be increased, and a required gain can be achieved even without an accurate cryogenic device model. To realize a flat terminal impedance over the frequency of interest, an RC shunt compensation structure was employed, improving the amplifier’s closed-loop stability and suppressing the amplifier overshoot. The -parameters and transient performance were measured at room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature (4.2 K). With good input and output matching, the measurement results showed that the amplifier achieved a 21-dB gain with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.13 GHz at 300 K. At 4.2 K, the gain of the amplifier can be tuned from 15 to 24 dB, achieving a 3-dB bandwidth spanning from 120 kHz to 1.3 GHz and consuming only 3.1 mW. Excluding the chip pads, the amplifier chip core area was only about 0.073 mm.

Keywords： 超低温放大器；宽带放大器；超导纳米线单光子探测器    

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A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design Correspondences

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2,   Pages 346-350 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000513

Abstract: A wideband power amplifier is one of the key components in mobile communication systems and radar systems because it is a key component of radio frequency (RF) front-end systems, and its performance occupies a dominant position in the entire system function. GaN as the representative of the third generation of wide band gap semiconductors has the advantages of wide band gap, high electron mobility, and high breakdown field strength (Mishra et al., 2008; Millán et al., 2014). The power density of the device far exceeds that of Si and GaAs. Because of its high frequency, high power, high efficiency, high temperature resistance, high radiation resistance, and other excellent characteristics, GaN MMICs have broad application prospects in the microwave and millimeter wave bands.

Keywords： K波段；高效率；宽带；氮化镓（GaN）；功率放大器    

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Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review Review Articles

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 72-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900467

Abstract: Highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) and associated linearization techniques have been developed to accommodate the explosive growth in the data transmission rate and application of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems. In this paper, energy-efficient integrated Doherty PA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and linearization techniques are reviewed for both the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth-generation (5G) mMIMO systems; different semi-conductor processes and architectures are compared and analyzed. Since the 5G protocols have not yet been finalized and PA specifications for mMIMO are still under consideration, it is worth investigating novel design methods to further improve their efficiency and linearity performance. Digital predistortion techniques need to evolve to be adapted in mMIMO systems, and some creative linearity enhancement techniques are needed to simultaneously improve the compensation accuracy and reduce the power consumption.

Keywords： Energy-efficient     Linearization     Massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO)     Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)     Power amplifier    

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A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier Research Article

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 3,   Pages 470-479 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200250

Abstract: A novel method is proposed to extend the range of the . This study reveals that the OPBO range of the DPA can be extended by tuning the of the peaking stage away from infinity and changing the phase delay of the output matching network of the carrier power amplifier. Based on this theory, a large-OPBO-range high-efficiency asymmetrical DPA working band from 1.55 to 2.2 GHz (35% relative bandwidth) is designed to verify the proposed method. Experimental results show that the DPA operates from 1.6 to 2.1 GHz. The range of the measured efficiency is 42.2%–52.1% in the OPBO state and 47%–62.7% in the saturation state. The OPBO range is 11.1–13.2 dB.

Keywords： Doherty power amplifier (DPA)     Output power back-off (OPBO)     Output impedance     Network phase    

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Development of Vibration Control Technologies for Marine Power and Gearing Systems

Xie Xiling , Dong Guangming , Lin Feng , Zhang Zhiyi , Wen Xueyou

Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 193-202 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.018

Abstract:

The vibration waves induced by marine power and gearing systems travel to the hull structure through various supporting bases, which is one of the important factors that cause ship vibration and underwater sound radiation and also directly affects the acoustic performance of ships and ocean acoustic environment. First, a comprehensive review on the theoretical research and engineering application of the vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems is presented, and the state of the art of the vibration control technologies is introduced from the perspectives of dynamic optimal design, vibration source control, passive and active control. Next, the technologies that need to be developed, such as the low-frequency active/passive vibration isolation for power flow control, adaptive system and broadband vibration control, metamaterial/metastructure-based vibration and noise control, and intelligent vibration sensing and control for sound radiation, are proposed. The challenges of vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems are analyzed subsequently, and countermeasures are further proposed. To promote the vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems in China, research on the vibration control theories need to be strengthened and the research and application of key technologies needs to be accelerated. Furthermore, the development of various active vibration control devices and the related technical standards system should be encouraged and established. National research platforms and talent training bases should be consolidated and the integration of industry, research institutes, universities and customers should be promoted.

Keywords： power and gearing systems     vibration and sound radiation     low-noise propulsion     vibration control    

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Simulation on Scaling-up for Coupling to Oxalic Acid in Gaseous Phase

Wang Baowei,Ma Xinbin,Li Zhenhua,Xu Genhui

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 79-85

Abstract:

The synthesis of oxalic acid by CO coupling reaction in gaseous phase is a circulating system with multi-step reactions. The best catalyst was prepared and the reaction mechanism was proposed in the past work. It was found that the key problem for scaling-up this process is to match the CO coupling reaction rate with the regeneration rate. In this thesis, these two reactions were simulated by analyzing the sensitivity of operating parameters based on the acquired reaction kinetics. It was proposed that the match of these two reactions is a complex non-linear process. The key technique was investigated during the scale-up experiments of catalyst preparation and CO coupling reaction. By analyzing the simulation and experimental results, the key problem for the match of CO coupling with regeneration reaction was resolved. The scale-up circulating system for oxalic production was continuously run for 1000 hours and no intermediates was vented. It was proved that the match of these two reactions was achieved and an environmentally benign process for oxalic acid production has been set-up after a series of study. It provides a new technology for industrial production of oxalic acid.

Keywords： CO coupling     oxalic acid     scale-up experiment     catalytic engineering    

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No-reference noisy image quality assessment incorporating features of entropy, gradient, and kurtosis Research Article

Heng Yao, Ben Ma, Mian Zou, Dong Xu, Jincao Yao,hyao@usst.edu.cn,xudong@zjcc.org.cn,yaojc@zjcc.org.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000716

Abstract: Noise is the most common type of image distortion affecting human visual perception. In this paper, we propose a no-reference image quality assessment (IQA) method for noisy images incorporating the features of entropy, gradient, and . Specifically, image is conducted in the discrete cosine transform domain based on skewness invariance. In the principal component analysis domain, feature is obtained by statistically counting the significant differences between images with and without noise. In addition, both the consistency between the entropy and features and the subjective scores are improved by combining them with the gradient coefficient. is applied to map all extracted features into an integrated scoring system. The proposed method is evaluated in three mainstream databases (i.e., LIVE, TID2013, and CSIQ), and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method according to the Pearson linear correlation coefficient which is the most significant indicator in IQA.

Keywords： 噪声图像质量评价；噪声估计；峰度；人类视觉系统；支持向量回归    

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Study on the Fermentation Processes at Multi-levels in Bioreactor and Its Application for Special Purposes——Optimization and Scaling Up of the Fermentation Process Based on the Parameter Correlation Method

Zhang siliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 8,   Pages 37-45

Abstract:

After reviewing the basic idea, methods of optimization and scale up for fermentation process adopted by many researchers for quite a long time, the author believes that the static optimizing method based on the kinetic conception with conventional optimum operating condition, in fact, is only an extension of kinetic conception of chemical engineering to the fermentation process. Such being the case, the existence of cellular metabolic flux is often neglected. Thus, the viewpoint to emphasize the metabolic flux analysis and control in bioreactor is put forward in this paper. Through several further experiments, the optimization technology of fermentation process at multi-levels based on the parameter correlation methodology and scaling-up strategy with multi parameters modulation have been realized. With the development of process sensing and computer technology, the new concept bioreactor (FUS-50L(A)) is used for fermentation processes optimization and scale up. This new bioreactor aimed at the measurement of material flux has been successfully applied to the fermentation of penicillin, erythromycin, aureomycin, inosine, guanosine, as well as the cultivation of recombinant human serum albumin, malaria vaccine, etc. As a result, thirty percent to several folds increase in titers were achieved. The process can be directly used for the scale up of Permentor from 50 liters to several hundred liters, even to 100 m3.

Keywords： bioreactor     fermentation     optimization     scale up    

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Research on Relationship Between Vibration and Noise of 6203-2RZ Rolling Bearing

Xia Xintao,Wang Zhongyu,Sun Liming,Zhao Lianchun

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 8,   Pages 64-69

Abstract:

Based on experimentation, the relationship between the vibration and the noise of rolling bearings is studied. A type of rolling bearing, 6203 - 2RZ, is used in experimentation. The vibration includes the virtual values of the acceleration and the velocity, and the noise refers to the sound-pressure-level. The experiment data are comprehensively processed in the light of the theory of mathematical statistics. According to the results of data processing，the relationship between the vibration and the noise of rolling bearings is not definite. Therefore, the vibration can not represent the noise. The problem of the noise of rolling bearings should be studied independently, the standard of the noise and the corresponding technological specification of the rolling bearings should be established.

Keywords： rolling bearing     vibration     noise     relationship     experiment research    

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Ambient Noise Tomography for Coral Islands Article

Shaohong Xia, Changrong Zhang, Jinghe Cao

Engineering 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6,   Pages 182-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.022

Abstract:

As valuable land in the ocean, coral islands are not only important bases for making use of marine resources and protecting marine rights and interests, but also important for breakthrough research in many fields of earth science. Hence, the economical and efficient determination of the underground structure of coral islands has become significant in coral island engineering geology, but remains challenging for traditional marine geophysical prospecting and drilling methods. While ambient noise tomography with dense arrays has been widely used in continental regions, its applicability to coral islands remains undetermined. In this study, based on the data recorded by a dense array on an isolated coral island in the South China Sea, we analyzed the ambient noise characteristics and obtained a 3D subsurface structure of the coral island using ambient noise tomography. We made the following findings: ① The ambient noise frequencies can be roughly categorized into three levels: < 1, 1–5, and > 5 Hz. The spectral characteristics of the noise below 5 Hz were consistent at different stations, but there were significant differences in the characteristics of the noise above 5 Hz. ② For ambient noise frequencies below 5 Hz, cross-correlation functions with high quality could be obtained with only 24 h of waveform data. However, it was difficult to extract meaningful cross-correlation functions for ambient noise frequencies above 5 Hz. ③ The S-wave velocity in the coral island was higher toward the sea and lower toward the lagoon, which was consistent with the high degree of cementation of the outer reef flat stratum on the seaward side. ④ There were two low-velocity horizons at 25–75 and 200–300 m, which were in good agreement with the high-porosity horizons that were revealed by drilling core samples, reflecting the weathering history of the reef. Our research demonstrates that ambient noise tomography is a potentially economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the geological prospecting of coral reefs.

Keywords： Coral island     Ambient noise tomography     Engineering geology     South China Sea    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Journal Article

Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Journal Article

Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Journal Article

A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Journal Article

Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Journal Article

A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Journal Article

Development of Vibration Control Technologies for Marine Power and Gearing Systems

Xie Xiling , Dong Guangming , Lin Feng , Zhang Zhiyi , Wen Xueyou

Journal Article

Simulation on Scaling-up for Coupling to Oxalic Acid in Gaseous Phase

Wang Baowei,Ma Xinbin,Li Zhenhua,Xu Genhui

Journal Article

No-reference noisy image quality assessment incorporating features of entropy, gradient, and kurtosis

Heng Yao, Ben Ma, Mian Zou, Dong Xu, Jincao Yao,hyao@usst.edu.cn,xudong@zjcc.org.cn,yaojc@zjcc.org.cn

Journal Article

Study on the Fermentation Processes at Multi-levels in Bioreactor and Its Application for Special Purposes——Optimization and Scaling Up of the Fermentation Process Based on the Parameter Correlation Method

Zhang siliang

Journal Article

Research on Relationship Between Vibration and Noise of 6203-2RZ Rolling Bearing

Xia Xintao,Wang Zhongyu,Sun Liming,Zhao Lianchun

Journal Article

Ambient Noise Tomography for Coral Islands

Shaohong Xia, Changrong Zhang, Jinghe Cao

Journal Article