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Fall preventive gait trajectory planning of a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton based on capture point theory Research Article

Mei-ying Deng, Zhang-yi Ma, Ying-nan Wang, Han-song Wang, Yi-bing Zhao, Qian-xiao Wei, Wei Yang, Can-jun Yang,ycj@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1322-1330 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800777

Abstract: We study the balance problem caused by forward leaning of the wearer’s upper body during rehabilitation training with a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton. The instantaneous is obtained by modeling the human-exoskeleton system and using the theory. By comparing the stability region with instantaneous s of different gait phases, the balancing characteristics of different gait phases and changes to the equilibrium state in the gait process are analyzed. Based on a model of the human-exoskeleton system and the condition of balance of different phases, a trajectory correction strategy is proposed for the instability of the human-exoskeleton system caused by forward leaning of the wearer’s upper body. Finally, the reliability of the trajectory correction strategy is verified by carrying out experiments on the Zhejiang University . The proposed trajectory correction strategy can respond to forward leaning of the upper body in a timely manner. Additionally, in the process of the center of gravity transferred from a double-support phase to a single-support phase, the ratio of gait cycle to zero moment point transfer is reduced correspondingly, and the gait stability is improved.

Keywords： 下肢机器人；捕获点；步态相位；人机系统平衡    

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The zero-point energy of vibration and the Casimir force

Huang Zhixun

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 5,   Pages 63-69

Abstract:

Put two metal sheets very close together in vacuum, we'll find they attract each other with a small but measurable force. The explanation for the Casimir effect is that empty space is cracking with zero-point energy(ZPE), a phenomenon arising from quantum theory, and this energy pushes the metal plates together. All scientists agree that such a force does exist, but the trouble is physicists can't agree on what it means for something to be true. Is empty space really fizzing with energy? Perhaps the answer may determine the fate of the universe. A variety of anomalous phenomena in nature or at laboratories could be explained by the Casimir effect and the torsion field theory.

Keywords： zero-point energy     zero-point field     energy of vacuum     Casimir force     theory of torsion field    

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An anchor-based spectral clustering method None

Qin ZHANG, Guo-qiang ZHONG, Jun-yu DONG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1385-1396 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700262

Abstract:

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular and important clustering methods in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. However, its high computational complexity limits it in applications involving truly large-scale datasets. For a clustering problem with n samples, it needs to compute the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian with O(n3) time complexity. To address this problem, we propose a novel method called anchor-based spectral clustering (ASC) by employing anchor points of data. Specifically, m (m<<n) anchor points are selected from the dataset, which can basically maintain the intrinsic (manifold) structure of the original data. Then a mapping matrix between the original data and the anchors is constructed. More importantly, it is proved that this data-anchor mapping matrix essentially preserves the clustering structure of the data. Based on this mapping matrix, it is easy to approximate the spectral embedding of the original data. The proposed method scales linearly relative to the size of the data but with low degradation of the clustering performance. The proposed method, ASC, is compared to the classical spectral clustering and two state-of-the-art accelerating methods, i.e., power iteration clustering and landmark-based spectral clustering, on 10 real-world applications under three evaluation metrics. Experimental results show that ASC is consistently faster than the classical spectral clustering with comparable clustering performance, and at least comparable with or better than the state-of-the-art methods on both effectiveness and efficiency.

Keywords： Clustering     Spectral clustering     Graph Laplacian     Anchors    

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A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata Research Articles

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1441-1550 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000590

Abstract: New technologies such as have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for . The concept has been set in , the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by . This study will exemplify how fast and accurately works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.

Keywords： 量子点细胞自动机（QCA）；四值逻辑；量子点细胞自动模拟器（QCASim）；四值QCA（QQCA）；四值译码器；四值门    

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Change trend and reason analysis of point source pollution load of the Dianchi Lake Basin

He Jia,Xu Xiaomei,Chen Yunbo,Zhang Kunling,Li Yuexun,Li Zhongjie

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 6,   Pages 75-79

Abstract:

In this paper, yield and reduction of the Dianchi Lake basin point source pollution load of the past 20 years were calculated and the change trend and reasons to it were analyzed. The results indicated that point source wastewater, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharge from the whole Dianchi Lake basin in 2007 were 26 368 t, 55 913 t, 11 222 t and 1 008 t respectively, and compared to that of 1988, the growth rate of those mentioned above were 73.69 %, 203.27 %, 246.99 % and 301.55 %, among which the growth rate of living pollution were 174.43 %, 296.58 %, 342.90 % and 462.86 % respectively, however the industry pollution has been controlled, the pollution load was decreased by 36.43 %, 6.36 %, 49.24 % and 69.87 %. With the cooperation of 8 sewage treatment plants and 2 pumping stations, from 1993 to 2007, the reduction of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharged from the Dianchi Lake basin increased from 1 542 t, 177 t and 13 t to 40 581 t, 5 193 t and 637 t, which was the main reason that the environment of the Dianchi Lake stopped worsening. It can be concluded that, living pollution is the main pollutant source, and the major factor to the growth of pollution load in the Dianchi Lake basin.

Keywords： he Dianchi Lake     point source pollution    

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Nanoscale cryptographic architecture design using quantum-dot cellular automata Regular Article

Bikash Debnath, Jadav Chandra Das, Debashis De,dr.debashis.de@gmail.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 11,   Pages 1578-1586 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800458

Abstract: based on cryptography is a new paradigm in the field of nanotechnology. The overall performance of QCA is high compared to traditional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. To achieve data security during nanocommunication, a cryptography-based application is proposed. The devised circuit encrypts the input data and passes it to an output channel through a cum data path selector, where the data is decrypted back to its original form. The results along with theoretical implication prove the accuracy of the circuit. Power dissipation and circuit complexity of the circuit have been analyzed.

Keywords： 量子点元胞自动机（QCA）；多数决定门密码学；加密；解密；纳米级路由    

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Facile and Scalable Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Applications Article

Dan Wang,Zhiyong Wang,Qiuqiang Zhan,Yuan Pu,Jie-Xin Wang,Neil R. Foster,Liming Dai

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 402-408 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.014

Abstract:

The synthesis of fluorescent nanomaterials has received considerable attention due to the great potential of these materials for a wide range of applications, from chemical sensing through bioimaging to optoelectronics. Herein, we report a facile and scalable approach to prepare fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) via a one-pot reaction of citric acid with ethylenediamine at 150 °C under ambient air pressure. The resultant FCDs possess an optical bandgap of 3.4 eV and exhibit strong excitation-wavelength-independent blue emission (λEm = 450 nm) under either one- or two-photon excitation. Owing to their low cytotoxicity and long fluorescence lifetime, these FCDs were successfully used as internalized fluorescent probes in human cancer cell lines (HeLa cells) for two-photon excited imaging of cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with high-contrast resolution. They were also homogenously mixed with commercial inks and used to draw fluorescent patterns on normal papers and on many other substrates (e.g., certain flexible plastic films, textiles, and clothes). Thus, these nanomaterials are promising for use in solid-state fluorescent sensing, security labeling, and wearable optoelectronics.

Keywords： Scalable     Carbon dots     Two-photon     Fluorescence lifetime imaging     Patterning    

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Two-phase Partitioning Bioreactor, Application of Cloud Point System in Bioconversion

Wang Zhilong

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 73-78

Abstract:

The two-phase partitioning bioreactor is usually applied in many bioprocesses for enhancing the productivity. The controlled substrate delivery from the non-aqueous phase to aqueous phase opens a new area of application of this strategy for enhancing the substrate solubility and eliminating the substrate inhibition of bioprocesses, such as bioconversion, biodegradation, etc. The extraction product from bioreaction phase has advantages over conventional media, such as removing the product inhibition on the microorganism, protecting the product form further degradation and cutting down the effluent treatment costs as a result of the use of a more concentrated feedstock. This article examines recent research on methods of the two-phase partitioning bioreactor. The practical potential of cloud point system as a novel two-phase partitioning bioreactor is illustrated by reference to a particular bioconversion, namely the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol to produce a pharmaceutical intermediate androsta-diene-dione (ADD).

Keywords： two-phase partitioning     bioconversion     nonionic surfactant     cloud point system     bioreactor    

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Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study Research Article

Mohammad GHOLAMI, Zaman AMIRZADEH

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 3,   Pages 457-469 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200361

Abstract:

cellular automata (QCA)%29&ck%5B%5D=abstract&ck%5B%5D=keyword'> is a new nanotechnology for the implementation of nano-sized digital circuits. This nanotechnology is remarkable in terms of speed, area, and power consumption compared to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and can significantly improve the design of various logic circuits. We propose a new method for implementing a in QCA technology in this paper. The proposed method uses the intrinsic features of QCA in timing and clock phases, and therefore, the proposed cell structure is less occupied and less power-consuming than existing implementation methods. In the proposed , compared to previous best designs, reductions of 6.45% in area occupation and 44.49% in power consumption were achieved. In addition, for the first time, a reset-based and a with set and reset capabilities are designed. Using the proposed , a new 3-bit is developed which reduces 2.14% cell numbers compared to the best of previous designs. Moreover, based on the 3-bit , a 4-bit is designed, which reduces 0.51% cell numbers and 4.16% cross-section area compared to previous designs. In addition, two selective s are introduced to count from 0 to 5 and from 2 to 5. Simulations were performed using and tools in coherence vector engine mode. The proposed circuits are compared with related designs in terms of delay, cell numbers, area, and leakage power.

Keywords： Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)     Quantum-dot     T-latch     T-flip-flop     Counter     Selective counter     QCADesigner     QCAPro    

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Three-dimensional face point cloud hole-filling algorithm based on binocular stereo matching and a B-spline Research Articles

Yuan HUANG, Feipeng DA,whhbb@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 398-408 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000508

Abstract: When obtaining three-dimensional (3D) face point cloud data based on structured light, factors related to the environment, occlusion, and illumination intensity lead to holes in the collected data, which affect subsequent recognition. In this study, we propose a hole-filling method based on stereo-matching technology combined with a . The algorithm uses phase information acquired during raster projection to locate holes in the point cloud, simultaneously extracting boundary point cloud sets. By registering the face point cloud data using the stereo-matching algorithm and the data collected using the raster projection method, some supplementary information points can be obtained at the holes. The shape of the curve can then be roughly described by a few key points, and the control points are put into the hole area as key points for iterative calculation of surface reconstruction. Simulations using smooth ceramic cups and human face models showed that our model can accurately reproduce details and accurately restore complex shapes on the test surfaces. Simulation results indicated the robustness of the method, which is able to fill holes on complex areas such as the inner side of the nose without a prior model. This approach also effectively supplements the hole information, and the patched point cloud is closer to the original data. This method could be used across a wide range of applications requiring accurate facial recognition.

Keywords： Three-dimensional (3D) point cloud     Hole filling     Stereo matching     B-spline    

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Dot-shaped beamforming analysis of subarray-based sin-FDA Research Article

Bo Wang, Jun-wei Xie, Jing Zhang, Jia-ang Ge,wb_wangbo1991@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1429-1444 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800722

Abstract: Phased array (PA) radar is one of the most popular types of radar. In contrast to PA, the (FDA) is a potential solution to suppress range-related interference because of its time-range-angle-dependent beampattern. However, the range-angle coupling inherent in the FDA transmit beampattern may degrade the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We propose a method based on the analyzed four subarray-based FDAs and subarray-based planar FDAs using a sinusoidally increasing frequency offset with elements transmitting at multiple frequencies. The numerical results show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing log-FDA with logarithmical frequency offset in transmit energy focus, sidelobe suppression, and array resolution. Comparative simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords： 频率分集阵列；子阵频率分集阵列；解耦；点状波束形成    

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Robust Maximum Entropy Clustering Algorithm RMEC and Its Outlier Labeling

Deng Zhaohong,Wang Shitong,Wu Xisheng,Hu Dewen

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 9,   Pages 38-45

Abstract:

In this paper, the novel robust maximum entropy clustering algorithm RMEC, as the improved version of the maximum entropy algorithm MEC, is presented to overcome its drawbacks: very sensitive to outliers and uneasy to label them. With the introduction of Vapnik's ε-insensitive loss function and the new weight factors, the new objective function is re-constructed, and consequently, its new update rules are derived according to the Lagrangian optimization theory. Compared with algorithm MEC, the main contributions of algorithm RMEC exist in its much better robustness for outliers and the fact that it can effectively label outliers in the dataset using the obtained weight factors. The experimental results demonstrate its superior performance in enhancing the robustness and labeling outliers in the dataset.

Keywords： entropy     clustering     robustness     outliers     ε-insensitive loss function     weight factors    

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A Co-Point Mapping-Based Approach to Drivable Area Detection for Self-Driving Cars Article

Ziyi Liu,Siyu Yu,Nanning Zheng

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 479-490 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.010

Abstract:

The randomness and complexity of urban traffic scenes make it a difficult task for self-driving cars to detect drivable areas. Inspired by human driving behaviors, we propose a novel method of drivable area detection for self-driving cars based on fusing pixel information from a monocular camera with spatial information from a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner. Similar to the bijection of collineation, a new concept called co-point mapping, which is a bijection that maps points from the LIDAR scanner to points on the edge of the image segmentation, is introduced in the proposed method. Our method positions candidate drivable areas through self-learning models based on the initial drivable areas that are obtained by fusing obstacle information with superpixels. In addition, a fusion of four features is applied in order to achieve a more robust performance. In particular, a feature called drivable degree (DD) is proposed to characterize the drivable degree of the LIDAR points. After the initial drivable area is characterized by the features obtained through self-learning, a Bayesian framework is utilized to calculate the final probability map of the drivable area. Our approach introduces no common hypothesis and requires no training steps; yet it yields a state-of-art performance when tested on the ROAD-KITTI benchmark. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is a general and efficient approach for detecting drivable area.

Keywords： Drivable area     Self-driving     Data fusion     Co-point mapping    

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Exploring nonlinear spatiotemporal effects for personalized next point-of-interest recommendation

孙曦,吕志民

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 9,   Pages 1273-1286 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200304

Abstract: Next point-of-interest (POI) recommendation is an important personalized task in location-based social networks (LBSNs) and aims to recommend the next POI for users in a specific situation with historical check-in data. State-of-the-art studies linearly discretize the user’s spatiotemporal information and then use recurrent neural network (RNN) based models for modeling. However, these studies ignore the nonlinear effects of spatiotemporal information on user preferences and spatiotemporal correlations between user trajectories and candidate POIs. To address these limitations, a spatiotemporal trajectory (STT) model is proposed in this paper. We use the long short-term memory (LSTM) model with an attention mechanism as the basic framework and introduce the user’s spatiotemporal information into the model in encoding. In the process of encoding information, an exponential decay factor is applied to reflect the nonlinear drift of user interest over time and distance. In addition, we design a spatiotemporal matching module in the process of recalling the target to select the most relevant POI by measuring the relevance between the user’s current trajectory and the candidate set. We evaluate the performance of our STT model with four real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

Keywords： Point-of-interest recommendation     Spatiotemporal effects     Long short-term memory (LSTM)     Attention mechanism    

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Novel 3D point set registration method based on regionalized Gaussian process map reconstruction Research

Bo Li, Yu Zhang, Wen-jie Zhao, Ping Li,jameslb20@hotmail.com,zhangyu80@zju.edu.cn,zhaowenjie8@zju.edu.cn,pli@iipc.zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 5,   Pages 649-808 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900457

Abstract: has been a topic of significant research interest in the field of mobile intelligent unmanned systems. In this paper, we present a novel approach for a three-dimensional scan-to-map . Using (GP) regression, we propose a new type of map representation, based on a regionalized GP map reconstruction algorithm. We combine the predictions and the test locations derived from the GP as the predictive points. In our approach, the correspondence relationships between predictive point pairs are set up naturally, and a rigid transformation is calculated iteratively. The proposed method is implemented and tested on three standard point set datasets. Experimental results show that our method achieves stable performance with regard to accuracy and efficiency, on a par with two standard methods, the iterative closest point algorithm and the normal distribution transform. Our mapping method also provides a compact point-cloud-like map and exhibits low memory consumption.

Keywords： 点集配准；高斯过程；智能无人系统    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Fall preventive gait trajectory planning of a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton based on capture point theory

Mei-ying Deng, Zhang-yi Ma, Ying-nan Wang, Han-song Wang, Yi-bing Zhao, Qian-xiao Wei, Wei Yang, Can-jun Yang,ycj@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

The zero-point energy of vibration and the Casimir force

Huang Zhixun

Journal Article

An anchor-based spectral clustering method

Qin ZHANG, Guo-qiang ZHONG, Jun-yu DONG

Journal Article

A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Journal Article

Change trend and reason analysis of point source pollution load of the Dianchi Lake Basin

He Jia,Xu Xiaomei,Chen Yunbo,Zhang Kunling,Li Yuexun,Li Zhongjie

Journal Article

Nanoscale cryptographic architecture design using quantum-dot cellular automata

Bikash Debnath, Jadav Chandra Das, Debashis De,dr.debashis.de@gmail.com

Journal Article

Facile and Scalable Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Applications

Dan Wang,Zhiyong Wang,Qiuqiang Zhan,Yuan Pu,Jie-Xin Wang,Neil R. Foster,Liming Dai

Journal Article

Two-phase Partitioning Bioreactor, Application of Cloud Point System in Bioconversion

Wang Zhilong

Journal Article

Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study

Mohammad GHOLAMI, Zaman AMIRZADEH

Journal Article

Three-dimensional face point cloud hole-filling algorithm based on binocular stereo matching and a B-spline

Yuan HUANG, Feipeng DA,whhbb@163.com

Journal Article

Dot-shaped beamforming analysis of subarray-based sin-FDA

Bo Wang, Jun-wei Xie, Jing Zhang, Jia-ang Ge,wb_wangbo1991@163.com

Journal Article

Robust Maximum Entropy Clustering Algorithm RMEC and Its Outlier Labeling

Deng Zhaohong,Wang Shitong,Wu Xisheng,Hu Dewen

Journal Article

A Co-Point Mapping-Based Approach to Drivable Area Detection for Self-Driving Cars

Ziyi Liu,Siyu Yu,Nanning Zheng

Journal Article

Exploring nonlinear spatiotemporal effects for personalized next point-of-interest recommendation

孙曦,吕志民

Journal Article

Novel 3D point set registration method based on regionalized Gaussian process map reconstruction

Bo Li, Yu Zhang, Wen-jie Zhao, Ping Li,jameslb20@hotmail.com,zhangyu80@zju.edu.cn,zhaowenjie8@zju.edu.cn,pli@iipc.zju.edu.cn

Journal Article