Sep 2022, Volume 24 Issue 4

    

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Development Strategy for Internet Plus Action Plan in the New Era and New Situation
• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy of Smart Internet of Things System

  Bohu Li, Xudong Chai, Yang Liu, Lei Chen, Dayin Wei

  2022, 24(4): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.001

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  The Internet of Things (IoT) is an important component of the new digital infrastructure and is deeply integrated with the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and digital twin. It is profoundly changing the technology system and promoting the digital economy, ushering in a new stage of smart IoT system in which everything is connected. This paper reviews the development status of IoT in China, proposes the concept of smart IoT system (IoT 2.0), and expounds on the implications, architecture, technical pedigree, and key enabling technologies. Practical cases of smart IoT system are explored considering the application scenarios of intelligent manufacturing, smart agriculture, smart grid, smart healthcare, intelligent transportation, and intelligent environmental protection, demonstrating the application values of the smart IoT system. Furthermore, we suggest that a technology integration innovation project that integrates IoT, AI, 5G, and new application field technologies should be implemented; focus should be placed on the research, development, and industrialization of intelligent products such as smart IoT systems / cloud native platforms / low-code (no-code) application development environments and toolsets, high-end sensors for smart IoT systems, and IoT chips / special components; and application demonstration of cloud-edge-end collaborative, autonomous controllable, safe, and credible smart IoT systems should be conducted.

• Orginal Article

  Development of Novel Network Architectures

  Man Ouyang, Jiang Liu, Xinyue Liao, Tao Huang

  2022, 24(4): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.002

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  The communication industry is crucial for promoting a country's network strength, leading scientific and technological innovation, and driving economic and social transformation. Novel network architectures are the core of future network and communication industry and require urgent research. This study expounds on the implication of novel network architecture and presents several representative architectures, including information center network, expressive Internet architecture, low-Earth-orbit satellite network, service customization network, full-dimensional definable network, and multimodal network. Moreover, the development trends of novel network architectures, including policies and regulations, industry development, and challenges are summarized. Key technologies such as deterministic networking, segmented routing, cloud computing, and cloud-network integration are explored. Meanwhile, measures to tackle critical problems are proposed, such as launching special science and technology projects and promoting application demonstration. Furthermore, we suggest that China should enhance the coordinated implementation of policies, laws, and regulations, cultivate a benign development ecology for the novel network architecture industry, promote in-depth cooperation among industry, universities, and research institutes, and build comprehensive and innovative research teams.

• Orginal Article

  Dual-Meta Network Architecture Driven by Content and Address

  Peng Yang, Xuan Liu, Youping Li

  2022, 24(4): 22-31. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.003

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  Internet is the main infrastructure of cyberspace, and the content-centric mainstream application paradigm of the cyberspace has deviated from Internet's original design intention of an address-centric data communication network. Hence the cyberspace has become an open-air dump of content big data. The emerging content big data characterized by chaos, disorder, and difficulty in governance brings severe challenges to the sustainable development of the Internet. Inspired by the idea of commensalism, a dualmeta network architecture driven by content and address is proposed in this paper which combines the primary structure of addressdriven Internet with a secondary structure of content-driven broadcast-storage network. Specifically, the address-driven features and challenges of Internet architecture are analyzed, and some representative content-centric networking schemes and their limitations are discussed. Then, the design principles for dual-meta network architecture and the content-driven metadata of uniform content label are introduced. Eventually, a reference model of the dual-meta network architecture is given, and its differences compared with a single address-driven Internet architecture are analyzed. As an innovative network architecture characterized by security, trustworthiness, pervasiveness, guarantee of sovereignty, and easy governance, the dual-meta network architecture driven by content and address provides a feasible new way to solve the development dilemma faced by the single address-driven Internet architecture.

• Orginal Article

  Theoretical Framework and Key Technologies of Transparent Power Grid

  Licheng Li, Zexiang Cai, Wenhu Tang, Yongjun Zhang, Junbo Zhang, Zhigang Wu, Lin Yang, Yongxia Han, Lin Guan

  2022, 24(4): 32-43. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.025

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  Building a new power system that adapts to large-scale high-proportion new energy sources and supports the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals is an overall reform measure for the energy and power sectors. Transparent power grid is an advanced form of Internet Plus Smart Energy and is crucial for supporting energy transformation and developing new power systems. This paper puts forward a concept of transparent power grid energy ecosystem, sorts out the main business requirements, goals, vision, and basic characteristics of a transparent power grid, and devises a development blueprint for the transparent power grid. A key scientific and technical system of the transparent power grid is elaborated from two perspectives: incremental scientific and technical elements as well as theories and scientific methods involved, and the perception layer, network layer, platform layer, and application layer technologies required by the key technologies and basic equipment of the transparent power grid are discussed. The research suggests that, with the “transparent power grid new infrastructure” as the core, the low-carbon transformation of energies should be promoted to build a safe and efficient modern energy system; it is necessary to develop small and micro smart sensors, software systems connected to the national industrial Internet, smart equipment, and data-driven value-added power services. Special scientific and technical research projects should be conducted to form the key technology and equipment systems of the transparent power grid. This paper highlights the key role of the transparent power grid in realizing the optimal allocation of resources, and can provide a basic reference for the research on market-driven power energy ecosystems.

• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy of Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry

  Chen Ma, Jin Li, Chunjiang Zhao, Xian Feng, Beibei Fan, Meirong Guo, Bingxue Cao

  2022, 24(4): 44-52. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.004

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  The seed industry is the chip of agriculture and seed industry modernization is a significant symbol for agricultural modernization. Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry is an important application scenario of modern agriculture and a concentrated embodiment of scientific and technological innovation in the seed industry. Based on the concept definition and main characteristics of Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry and using field investigation and expert consultation, this study analyzes the characteristics, supporting technologies, and typical applications of application scenarios for different subjects such as government departments, scientific research institutions, and breeding bases. The challenges and demand for the infrastructure, data sharing, key technologies, and commercialization system of the Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry in China are analyzed. Additionally, we propose the development strategy, technical roadmap, and major demonstration projects, to provide a scientific reference for the development of modern seed industry. Specifically, major demonstration projects are urgently required for big data platforms for germplasm resources, new infrastructure for Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry bases, Internet Plus Modern Seed Industry data sharing platforms, and big data intelligent services for the seed industry. Moreover, the intelligent equipment research, development, and manufacturing industry as well as the commercialized breeding software industry should be encouraged to comprehensively promote the intelligent development of modern seed industry.

• Orginal Article

  Research and Application on Industrial Internet Ecosystem Model

  Min Zhao, Junyan Liu, Duoxian Zhu

  2022, 24(4): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.006

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  Industrial Internet can drive the high-quality development of industries, and accelerating the development of industrial Internet is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry and to the improvement of its international competitiveness. To build an industrial Internet model that is universally adapted to large, medium, small, and micro enterprises, this study analyzes the existing industrial Internet models in China and abroad, and proposes an industrial Internet ecosystem model (IIEM) composed of three dimensions and six layers. Additionally, the operation mechanism of IIEM is presented in terms of entity, resource, digital intelligence, and dynamic value flows. Digital intelligence flow exhibits the flow value of data—a new production factor—at different levels and dimensions of IIEM, which explains the basic logic for improving the intelligent level of enterprise production systems and delivered products and expounds on the basic paths of digital transformation. IIEM emphasizes industrial attributes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of IIEM in assisting enterprises to understand the evolution and realization paths of industrial Internet and to integrate into the industrial Internet platform is verified through case study.

• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy for the Core Chip Technology of Intelligent Robot in China

  Yang Mo, Yaonan Wang, Jie Liu, Zhiqiang Miao, Xin Zhang, Weilai Jiang

  2022, 24(4): 62-73. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.007

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  Intelligent robots are leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. Promoting the intelligent robot core chip technology and industry is strategically significant for industrial upgrading and productivity improvement in China. In this study, we illustrate the strategic significance of the intelligent robot core chip technology in China in promoting technological independence, realizing high-quality economic development, satisfying residents’ need for a better life, and promoting a nation’s core competitiveness. Additionally, we review the development status of chips for intelligent robots in terms of policy, technology, and industry, and analyze the advantages and problems of developing intelligent robot chips in China. On this basis, the development route of intelligent robot chips is analyzed, and the development strategic goals of intelligent robot chip technology for 2025, 2030, and 2035 are proposed. Moreover, we propose the key tasks and strategic goals of intelligent robot core chips in China. We suggest that the independent and controllable development of intelligent robot chips should be elevated to a national strategy; major scientific and technological projects should be established for intelligent robot chips; policies should be introduced to encourage intelligent robot chip technology research and industrial applications; and high-level talent training should be implemented.

• Orginal Article

  Back-End Electronics Manufacturing Equipment in China and Their Key Components

  Xin Chen, Yun Chen, Xun Chen, Xiaojie Wu

  2022, 24(4): 74-84. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.008

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  Electronics manufacturing is a pillar industry of strategic importance for China’s economy. As the supply and ecological chains of global electronics manufacturing industry are currently being reshaped, conducting research on back-end electronics manufacturing equipment and their key components becomes extremely important for the high-quality development of the electronics manufacturing industry in China. This study analyzed the development status and trends of the back-end electronics manufacturing equipment industry in China and abroad and summarized the international technological competition characteristics of the industry, that is, the pursuit of high density and miniaturization of electronic devices as well as high efficiency and low cost in the manufacturing process. The electronics manufacturing equipment industry of China faces problems such as weakness in independent and fundamental technologies, a single market competition model, and severe dependence in imports. Additionally, 12 major technical fields and fundamental contents that China needs to focus on were summarized from the aspects of key processes, core equipment, and components. Empirical analysis was conducted on four typical electronics manufacturing enterprises to summarize their development strategies and experiences. The significance of innovation, key technologies, and market iteration for the development of related enterprises were clarified. Furthermore, corresponding countermeasures for the development of China’s back-end electronics manufacturing equipment and their components were proposed from the aspects of top-level design, industrial layout, market competition, enterprise development, technological innovation, and talent training.

• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy of Key Materials for Information Display in China

  Shou Peng, Wei Hong, Xusheng Qin, Wenjiu Jiang, Yi Huang

  2022, 24(4): 85-93. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.009

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  As the fourth industrial revolution led by intelligence continues, the information display industry—the carrier of information interaction—has developed into a pillar industry for the new-generation information technology. China’s display industry is the world’s largest in scale; however, some developmental barriers are emerging such as shortcomings of upstream key materials, which restricts the overall development of China’s display industry. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the independent and controllable ability for the industry chain and supply chain of display materials in China. This study analyzes the development status of key materials for information display industries in China and abroad, and focuses on the core technologies, raw material self-supply capability, and industrialization development of key materials. It also summarizes the shortcomings and major challenges in the development of key materials for information display in China, and proposes key material development goals, industrial development paths, and technology breakthrough paths. To promote the display material industry, we propose the following suggestions: (1) establishing new research and development platforms for national information display materials and strengthening the leadership of national technological forces; (2) improving the layout of major special projects for information display materials and strengthening the construction of a material technology system; (3) cultivating world-class enterprises with global competitiveness and strengthening the ecological leadership of the industrial and supply chains; and (4) deepening multi-chain integration and strengthening the cultivation of industrial ecology through an industrial collaboration platform.

• Orginal Article

  Research Status and Future Development of Cooling Technologies for Green and Energy-Efficient Data Centers

  Xintuo Chen, Liyang Zhou, Chengbin Zhang, Shuhua Wang, Liangliang Zhang, Jianfeng Chen

  2022, 24(4): 94-104. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.010

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  Data centers are important infrastructure in China, with constantly increasing industry size, market revenues, and electricity consumption. The major cooling systems of data centers currently in operation in China are air-cooled, with a low energy utilization rate and great potentials for energy saving. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel cooling technologies for green and energyefficient data centers. The cooling technology needs to solve two problems. First, as equipment heat production increases, the cooling capacity of the cooling system needs to be improved to match heat production and transfer rates. Second, to address the low energy efficiency problem, green and energy-efficient cooling technologies with industrial application prospects need to be developed. This study reviews the development status of data center cooling methods and categorizes cooling technologies into air conditioner cooling, fresh air cooling, indirect cooling, direct single-phase liquid cooling, and direct two-phase liquid cooling. We analyze the development trends of cooling technologies and suggest that green and high-efficient data centers should focus on the improvement in the efficiency of cooling systems, optimizations of hot and cold fluid channels, applications of new liquid cooling materials, and promotion of heat recovery systems. Furthermore, we propose suggestions for the stable and orderly development of the data center industry from the aspects of optimizing top-level design, developing key technologies, formulating scientific standards, improving industrial layout, and focusing on energy structure.

• Orginal Article

  A New Pattern Framework and Innovative Practices in the Smart Court System-of-Systems Engineering Project of China

  Jianfeng Xu, Fuhui Sun, Qiwei Chen, Yingfei Wang, Jia Yu, Zhenyu Liu

  2022, 24(4): 105-120. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.005

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  Developing large-scale complex information systems, such as the Smart Court system-of-systems (SoSs) of China, is a worldwide engineering challenge. This paper, from a methodological perspective, aims to expound the theoretical construction and practical progress of Smart Court system-of-systems engineering (SoSE) of China. The concept and key task requirements of SoSE are explored, technical difficulties faced by the Smart Court SoSE are analyzed, and a “two-track parallel, six-ring linkage” pattern framework is proposed for the progressive collaboration SoSE of large-scale autonomous information systems. Based on the theories including a universal information model, information metric system, and dynamic configurations of information systems, a key evaluation indicator system for an information SoSs is proposed. To satisfy the SoSE design requirements, an overall design method based on information relationships and its enabling tool are proposed, and a reference model of the Smart Court SoSs is designed to provide a top-level reference for the system development and integration of the Smart Court. Moreover, the development and collaborative integration of the autonomous and backbone systems in the Smart Court SoSE are presented in a comprehensive manner. The nationwide application and promotion of the Smart Court SoSs support the upgrade and transformation of the conventional judicial operation pattern of people's courts in China. Through continuous analyses of the quality and effectiveness of the Smart Court based on the key evaluation indicators, targeted improvement can be conducted to further enhance the SoSs capabilities, thereby contributing to the progress of judicial civilization in the information age.

• Orginal Article

  Next-Generation Database Benchmark for Financial Scenarios

  Yinan Jing, Hanbing Zhang, Zhixin Li, Xiaoyang Wang, Jie Wu, Hongfeng Chai

  2022, 24(4): 121-132. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.014

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  As the major financial entity in China, banks have high performance and security requirements for databases and data service solutions. With the progression of data application services in banking, the data types and business scenarios become more diverse, and it is difficult for users to make optimal choices among a wide diversity of database products and data service solutions. In combination with the data application demands of the financial industry, this study comprehensively analyzes the current status of applications of databases in banking, particularly the status and challenges of database localization in recent years, by using literature research and theoretical analysis. In addition, we systematically investigate the database benchmarks of China and other countries, and further prospect the necessity and importance of constructing next-generation database benchmarks for financial scenarios. We find that current database benchmarks have many deficiencies and face various challenges in dealing with the database testing in financial scenarios owing to the complex business logic, diverse data patterns, and high security requirements. Therefore, to build a nextgeneration database benchmark that can meet the requirements of financial scenarios, we propose several suggestions to address these challenges, which involve the aspects of workloads, data schemes, metrics, and technical architecture.

Development Strategy for Engineering Application of Quantum Information Technology
• Orginal Article

  Current Status and Future Development of Quantum Computation

  Xiaowei Li, Xiang Fu, Fei Yan, Youpeng Zhong, Chaoyang Lu, Junhua Zhang, Yu He, Shi Yu, Dawei Lu, Tao Xin, Jilei Chen, Benchuan Lin, Zhensheng Zhang, Song Liu, Yuanzhen Chen, Dapeng Yu

  2022, 24(4): 133-144. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.016

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  Quantum computation, as part of the broader field of quantum information, represents an assembly of concepts and techniques that concern the nature and processing of information based on quantum mechanics. Quantum computation utilizes unique resources such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to encode and process information and has been proved to be dominantly advantageous over classical computation on certain important scientific and engineering problems. Potential applications of quantum computation are expected to influence future information technology and many other related fields deeply and significantly. In this article, we briefly review the history of quantum computation, including how its fundamental ideas and concepts came into being and the development of its significant theories and algorithms. We also discuss the status and outlook of several representative technical routes in this field, including superconducting quantum computation, distributed superconducting quantum computation, photonic quantum computation, trapped-ion quantum computation, silicon-based quantum computation, as well as other systems. Furthermore, by analyzing certain common issues faced by all routes, we propose some thoughts and suggestions for future development of quantum computation in China. We particularly emphasize the following: reinforcement of strategic planning at a national level, establishment of a research team of high caliber, and boost of relevant fundamental research and development of core techniques and critical instruments.

• Orginal Article

  Current Status and Future Development of Quantum Cryptographic Protocols

  Xue Zhang, Fei Gao, Sujuan Qin, Ping Zhang

  2022, 24(4): 145-155. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.015

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  Quantum computing has the capability of parallel computing and is superior to classical computing in solving some specific problems. Once a large-scale quantum computer is developed, the security of classical cryptographic algorithms and protocols, which is based on the assumption of computational complexity, will be severely challenged. Quantum cryptography is a new cryptosystem; its security is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, and can resist the attack of quantum computing. This paper focuses on the nearly 40 years development of quantum cryptographic protocols, including quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secure direct communication, quantum secret sharing, quantum identity authentication, two-party secure computation, and quantum private query, and summarizes the problems in the process of development. The analysis shows that the quantum cryptographic protocols are in an unbalanced state: QKD is far ahead of other protocols and other protocols are difficult to achieve breakthroughs. In the future, practical quantum protocols for digital signature and two-party secure computation are core issues that needs to be addressed urgently. Therefore, research on quantum and post-quantum cryptography should be conducted synchronously, cross-over study and talent cultivation for the quantum science and cryptography disciplines should be strengthened, and the examination and evaluation mechanism of relevant basic research needs to be optimized.

• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy of Quantum-Based Deep Geophysical Exploration Technology and Equipment

  Jun Lin, Yanju Ji, Jing Zhao, Xunqian Tong, Xiaofeng Yi

  2022, 24(4): 156-166. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.017

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  Quantum-based sensing and measurement technology is a disruptive technology that can realize fine detection of the gravity and magnetic fields in deep Earth, and it has become a key development direction for geophysical exploration equipment worldwide. This study focuses on the frontier technologies for the quantum-based high-precision measurement of Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields, summarizes the development status of quantum-based geophysical exploration equipment, and analyzes demand for the superconducting quantum-based electromagnetic detection system, magnetic vector gradient detection system, superconducting gravity detection system, and cold-atom absolute-gravity exploration system during deep resource exploration. Moreover, the international trend of quantum-based high-precision measurement technology as well as the development opportunities and challenges in this field are analyzed. To improve the core technology research, complete localization, and exploration application of quantumbased geophysical exploration equipment in China, we propose the development goals, technical system, key tasks, and strategic planning for a new generation of quantum-based high-precision deep geophysical exploration equipment. This aims to achieve breakthroughs in superconducting quantum chips and high-sensitivity sensors, establish a collaboration model for the independent development of China’s quantum-based geophysical exploration equipment, promote the high-quality development of deep exploration equipment, and provide strategic support for solving major problems associated with deep mineral resource exploration and revealing of Earth’s deep structure.

Development Strategy for Process Manufacturing Industry Software
• Orginal Article

  Development Strategy of Industrial Software for Iron and Steel Industry

  Liqun Cong, Yungui Zhang, Qiang Liu, Yi Wang, Hui Li

  2022, 24(4): 167-176. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.011

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  Considering the urgent demand for industrial software by the iron and steel industry during its transformation, we viewed the current status, analyzed the bottlenecks, and proposed the development strategies of the industrial software for iron and steel industry. Compared with similar products abroad, the four categories of industrial software in China develop in an imbalanced manner. Specifically, the research and development design software is the weakest among the four, the production control and operation management software are strong enough for market competition, and the service support software currently faces an opportunity for catching up with and even outpacing its international counterparts. Hence, targeted development strategies are required for each category of the industrial software. Market operation should be combined with government guidance to mobilize various resources and implement targeted policies. The unique advantages of large scale, rich knowledge, and numerous scenarios of China’s iron and steel industry should be maximized to provide more practical scenarios and iterative optimization opportunities for domestic industrial software, thereby promoting the high-quality development of China’s iron and steel industry.

• Orginal Article

  Development of Industrial Software for Building Materials Industry

  Yahan Hu, Zhenzhen Kou, Yuan Jiang, Dongjie Tan, Anpeng Li, Yingmin Yuan, Jiayi Wan, Yu Xin

  2022, 24(4): 177-187. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.012

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  The building materials industry is the foundation of national economy. Intelligent reforms and digital transformations have deepened the application of new technologies and brought about more digital scenarios, which drives the development of industrial software for the building materials industry and facilitates the high-quality development of the building materials industry. Industrial software is a link that connects industrial design and manufacturing processes with informatization, intelligence, and digitization. In this study, we categorize the industrial software for the building materials industry into the following four types based on industrial characteristics, technical processes, and core functions of the software: operation management; research, development and design; production control; and service support software. Subsequently, the development status of industrial software for the building materials industry in China and abroad is reviewed, and the gap between China and the advanced international level regarding industrial software development is analyzed. The key development directions are clarified from the perspectives of improving weak links, promoting replacement, and developing advantages. The research suggests that the industrial software for the building materials industry should be developed from the following technological perspectives: (1) breaking technical barriers in key areas, (2) ensuring the safety and control of key links, (3) promoting the application of information technology innovations, and (4) building an industry public service platform. Moreover, we propose the following development strategies: (1) optimizing the support policies, (2) improving the industrial software standards system, (3) encouraging industry–university–research–application collaboration to address key problems, (4) cultivating industrial software compound talents, and (5) establishing a good software application ecology.

• Orginal Article

  Intelligent Model Library for Nonferrous Metal Industry: Construction Method and Application

  Chunhua Yang, Yishun Liu, Keke Huang, Bei Sun, Yonggang Li, Xiaofang Chen, Weihua Gui

  2022, 24(4): 188-201. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.013

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  Nonferrous metal industry is the foundation of China's substantial economy and plays a key role in national economy and defense construction. Industrial software is crucial for the high-quality development of the nonferrous metal industry and is associated with the in-depth implementation of national software development strategies. Currently, the industrial software development in the nonferrous metal industry is significantly restricted by the lack of knowledge models. Hence, we propose a method for constructing an intelligent model library for the nonferrous metal industry. Considering meta-model-driven engineering, we define the nonferrous metallurgical meta-model and its attributes, and propose a meta-modeling method based on the MODELING architecture. Additionally, we design an overall architecture for the intelligent model library based on industrial Internet, an agile modeldevelopment environment integrating multiple languages, and a meta-model encapsulation system based on multi-scenario black-box reuse. Moreover, a meta-model full lifecycle management platform is constructed based on a five-layer two-dimension classification standard and the domain knowledge graph. The intelligent model library for the nonferrous metal industry is developed based on the long-term accumulation of nonferrous metallurgy process mechanism, operating experiences, and intelligent methods. The good role of intelligent model library in improving the intelligent level in engineering applications is presented through the application of two typical nonferrous metallurgical scenarios. The intelligent model library of the nonferrous metal industry provides a core knowledge support for the development of industrial software and plays a fundamental role in promoting smart manufacturing and strengthening the nonferrous metal industry.

Engineering Management
• Orginal Article

  Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Industry in China

  Lei Wang, Bingheng Lu

  2022, 24(4): 202-211. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.018

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  As an emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the fastest developing technologies in the advanced manufacturing field with the continuous expansion of its applications. The development of AM industry provides a valuable opportunity for the development of modern manufacturing and the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing. In this paper, developmental trends of the AM technology and industry in China and abroad are systematically summarized, and problems faced by China’s AM industry are analyzed, including inadequate research and development capabilities regarding common technologies and basic devices, lack of effective patent layout for the international market, and insufficient development of industrial scale and clusters. Focusing on a prospective layout of the AM industry, key development directions are proposed, including AM for biomedicine and medical devices, large-scale complex components, space, structural innovation, and new materials. Furthermore, several suggestions are put forward. First, an AM collaborative innovation mechanism should be established to support application innovation of enterprises. Second, special research plans on AM process reforms should be implemented to satisfy the demand for major high-end equipment. Third, the construction of regional AM industrial clusters should be promoted.

• Orginal Article

  Green and Low-Carbon Development Path of Boiler Equipment in China

  Jun Li, Yaodong Da, Xuemin Liu, Jiming Yu, Yongqiang Chang, Nana Hou

  2022, 24(4): 212-221. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.021

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  As special equipment with high energy consumption, boilers are widely used in electric power, heating, steel, and other industries and in daily life. It is a significant infrastructure for guaranteeing economic development and people’s life. Energy consumption, air pollutants, and carbon emissions of boilers are large. Therefore, green and low-carbon transformation of boiler equipment is crucial for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In this paper, power station boilers and industrial boilers are discussed separately from the perspective of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of boiler equipment, the development trend of boiler equipment in China is summarized, and existing problems are analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the power station and industrial boilers, and considering the stages of production, use, and inspection, as well as the factors of fuel supply, operating conditions, and operation level, green and low-carbon development paths of boiler equipment are proposed, including upgrade of power station boilers, low-carbon transformation of industrial boilers, green development of boiler manufacturing, and use and management level improvement. Moreover, corresponding measures are expounded. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from three aspects: strengthening scientific and technological innovation, perfecting public service system, and improving laws, regulations, and standards system, so as to provide a reference for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the boiler equipment manufacturing industry and realizing the green and low-carbon development of boiler equipment.

• Orginal Article

  Organization Strategies of Innovation Forces for the Breakthrough of Key Core Technologies in Aero-Engine Industry

  Nanping Feng, Qiao Xiang, Rongjun Shen, Shanlin Yang, Wenqing Chang, Furong Ruan

  2022, 24(4): 222-229. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.019

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  Achieving breakthroughs of key core technologies in the aero-engine industry is urgently required for guaranteeing national strategic security, and it demands effective organization of innovation forces. This study first analyses the major innovation forces and their problems regarding collaborative innovation in the current aero-engine scientific research and production system in China. Subsequently, it clarifies the roles of relevant forces in the research process of key core technologies, including the government, the army, the Aero Engine Corporation of China, professional maintenance enterprises, upstream and downstream enterprises, universities, and research institutes. Furthermore, we suggest that the breakthrough practice should be planned and organized in an overall manner, corresponding institutions and mechanisms should be created to encourage the innovation forces to closely align with national strategies, the driving role of the demand side should be emphasized, a number of innovation consortia aiming at user needs and product problems should be established by leading enterprises, and an innovation ecosystem should be established relying on major projects.

Frontier of Engineering
• Orginal Article

  Formulating Strategy and Technology Path for Next-Generation Airworthiness Regulations of Aero-Engines

  Zeyong Yin, Shuiting Ding, Guo Li, Tian Qiu, Chuankai Liu, Yu Zhou, Lei Qi

  2022, 24(4): 230-239. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.020

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  Airworthiness regulations are key for guaranteeing the safety of civil aviation products and a significant indication of a nation’s aviation power. A well-developed airworthiness regulation system is an effective technical and management means by which a country with an advanced aviation industry ensures the safety of its civil aviation products and occupies the broadest market share while using International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rules. As major national science and technology projects for large aircraft, aero-engines, and gas turbines are implemented, it is imperative for China to further improve its airworthiness regulation system. In this study, we clarify the implications of aero-engine airworthiness regulations and summarize the problems regarding aero-engine airworthiness regulations both in China and abroad. Based on this, the formation strategy and technical path for the next-generation airworthiness regulations of aero-engines are explored from the perspectives of ICAO and China’s civil aviation industry. The formulation strategy emphasizes the requirement for system safety, and specific principles include an equivalent level of safety, clear logic, international compatibility, and local applicability. Moreover, a new top-level framework for the aero-engine airworthiness regulations is proposed; it inherits the international lessons learned, ensures a high safety standard, and adapts to the progress of system safety technologies of aero-engines. Furthermore, we suggest that China should continuously deepen the research, simultaneously expand application, and coordinate industry development, thus to promote the construction of the aero-engine airworthiness regulation system in China.

• Orginal Article

  Research Status and Future Development of Deep Space Security

  Ke Wu, Zhe Zhang, Wenfei Yang, Jianfeng He, Tianzhu Zhang, Kangkang Jian, Weiren Wu

  2022, 24(4): 240-248. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.023

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  As deep space exploration activities increase worldwide, the exploration environment becomes increasingly complex and the exploration tasks become increasingly difficult. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to research on deep space security issues. In this study, we first clarify the basic connotation of deep space security, briefly describe the significance and key issues of deep space security research, and summarize the research status and future development of four key deep space security issues: space radiation threat, planetary protection, space heritage protection, and space legislation. The study indicates that space radiation has the characteristics of multiple threat sources and high radiation intensity and should be researched from the perspectives of physical, biomedical, and chemical protection. Planetary protection mainly faces the challenges of pollution and impact of deep space spacecraft, and research should be conducted from the perspectives of deep space microbial detection and disinfection technologies as well as policy formulation. Space heritage protection is controversial in terms of evaluation and protection measures owing to political, cultural, and legal differences among countries, and it should be researched from the perspectives of international cooperation, deep space spacecraft, and reduction of human impact. Due to the complex international relations among countries, it is difficult for the effectiveness of current laws and regulations to become the consensus of the international community; therefore, research should be conducted from the aspects of international legislative organizations, domestic research institutions, and the improvement of domestic legal systems.

• Orginal Article

  Non-nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse Threat of Critical Infrastructures and Protection Strategies

  Qi Wu, Yuanan Liu, Yinghong Wen, Mingmin Zhao, Weimin Wang, Jinbao Zhang, Donglin Su

  2022, 24(4): 249-258. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.022

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  Major infrastructures are vital for the modernization and operation of a country and the safety of major infrastructures is crucial for national security. In recent years, the generation technology of non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sources has gradually matured and develops to be universal and concealed. Therefore, the non-nuclear EMP has become a realistic threat for major infrastructures. Ensuring the electromagnetic safety of major infrastructures is an urgent strategic task for China. This study takes the non-nuclear EMP threat of major infrastructures as the research object, clarifies the basic concepts of and major demands for EMP protection for major infrastructures, and analyzes the measures taken by developed countries in this field from the aspects of national policies, industrial standards, fundamental research, and emergency management. In addition, the key technologies for efficient nonnuclear EMP protection are discussed, focusing on forward design, equivalent test and evaluation, and threat monitoring and prediction. Moreover, this study analyzes the current status and existing problems regarding non-nuclear EMP protection of major infrastructures in China and proposes several fundamental strategies including strengthening government leadership, promoting scientific research, formulating standards and guidance, stimulating the vitality of enterprises, conducting classified and staged implementation, boosting talent cultivation, and promoting public training. This study can provide a basic reference for the nonnuclear EMP protection of major infrastructures and further support China to handle new threats.