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Innovation, practical benefits and prospects for the future development of automatic milking systems

Hongzhe JIANG,Wei WANG,Chunyang LI,Wei WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 37-47 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016117

摘要： Automatic milking systems (AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of management, decreasing workloads and the consistency of milking compared with non-automated machine milking. Nevertheless, this innovation has not been reviewed comprehensively and the practical benefits of AMS are still unclear. This review gives a brief overview of the historical development of milking machines and the workflow process of state-of-the-art AMS. In addition, a series of comparisons between AMS and current milking machines are made with respect to labor savings, quality parameters, udder health, herd behavior and mastitis detection and are summarized on the basis of relevant studies to show the benefits of the technological changes achieved by AMS. Finally, this review addresses several deficiencies in the technology and procedures of current AMS that need to be improved and also assesses recent advances in milking techniques with a particular focus on their potential for application in AMS.

关键词： automatic milking systems (AMS) innovation milking machine practical effect future prospects

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Current research, key performances and future development of search and rescue robots

LIU Jinguo, WANG Yuechao, LI Bin, MA Shugen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第4期页码 404-416 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0070-2

摘要： Frequent natural disasters and man-made catastrophes have threatened the safety of citizens and have attracted much more attention. The rescue mission under disaster environment is very complicated and dangerous for a rescue team. Search and rescue (SAR) robots can not only improve the efficiency of rescue operations but also reduce the casualty of rescuers. Robots can help rescue teams and even replace rescuers to perform dangerous missions. Search and rescue robots will play a more and more important role in the rescue operations. A survey of the research status of search and rescue robots in Japan, USA, China and other countries has been provided. According to current research, experiences and the lessons learned from applications, the five key performances of a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensing, communicability and operability. Multi-technique fusion and multi-agent intelligent network are considered to be requirements for the future development of the search and rescue robot. Disaster prevention, disaster reduction and disaster rescue are the important parts of national public safety. They are also crucial for the safety of citizens and their estates. Search and rescue robotic technique is an urgent needed, strategic and core technique for national development. It will be important and strategic for national economy and safety.

关键词： national development communicability mobility national intelligent network

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The Development Situation, Future and Counter Measures of Remanufacturing Industry in China

Wen-qiang Liu,Jun-yuan Mo,Cheng-kui Gu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 123-131 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016021

摘要： Currently, resource supply and demand contradiction, and over-loaded environment capacity have become a bottleneck for sustainable economic development in China. Electro-mechanical products are approaching a peak of obsolescence, and massive abandoned electro-mechanical products are causing severe environmental pollution, huge waste of resources and potential safety hazard. Remanufacturing is repairing or modifying worn mechanical products using high-tech method, which buffers the contradiction between wasting and shortage of resources, and brings industry towards a comprehensive utilization of resource and environmental protection. As a new strategic industry, remanufacturing, which is highly coherent with the development strategy of the circular economy, is still in its infancy in China. This paper analyzes the developmental trends and problems of the remanufacturing industry in China, and proposes promoting measures based on the engineering practices of remanufacturing.

关键词： remanufacturing industry measures development

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高层超高层建筑的产生与发展及今后趋向预计

戴复东

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 6-18

摘要：

世界上的人造物得以实现是需要与可能的结合，高层与超高层建筑的产生也不能违背这一规律。人类从古以来就有要高，登高和居高的精神和物质愿望和需要，但它变成高层超高层建筑的现实却是：在19世纪末至20世纪初产业革命后，生产力大发展，大城市快速发展；钢铁工业的发展，钢材被大量应用于建筑；电梯的发明。当时只有美国同时具备这三项条件。高层建筑产生以后就以迅猛的方式往高及超高层建筑发展。目前它的最高高度向460m冲刺。它的发展大约可以分成四个阶段，即初始摸索、纵深探索、现代主义、成熟时期。前不久，由于亚洲及西太平洋经济的发展，这一地区高层、超高层建筑有了较大发展，但它们毕竟是经济的产物。今后它要走生态化道路，在工程材料及力学上仍有广阔的前景，但高究竟会有什么负面问题？高度是否有上限？上限在哪里？是值得研究与探讨的。

关键词：高层及超高层建筑发展趋向预计

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A collaborative approach for urban underground space development toward sustainable development goals: Critical dimensions and future directions

Fang-Le PENG, Yong-Kang QIAO, Soheil SABRI, Behnam ATAZADEH, Abbas RAJABIFARD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 20-45 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0716-x

摘要： The utilization of urban underground space (UUS) offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development. Therefore, UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate various urban systems and the multiple components of the underground world. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which should be viewed as important yardsticks for UUS development, do not explicitly mention urban underground space, although many of them are affected by both the positive and negative consequences of its development. To fill this gap, this review lays the foundations of relevant UUS concepts and uses exemplary cases to reveal that 11 out of 17 SDGs can be linked with UUS uses. These linkages also manifest that land administration, integrated planning, architectural design, and construction technology are critical dimensions for increasing the contributions of UUS to the realization of SDGs. To achieve multi-disciplinary synergies among these four critical dimensions, a collaborative approach framework based on spatial data infrastructure is required. Thus, this work provides academics and practitioners with a holistic view of sustainable UUS development.

关键词： urban underground space Sustainable Development Goals spatial data infrastructure underground land administration integrated planning

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中国低渗透油气的现状与未来

胡文瑞

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 29-37

摘要：

中国低渗透油气资源丰富，具有很大的勘探开发潜力。近20年来，在低渗透砂岩、海相碳酸盐岩、火山岩勘探方面取得了很大发现，形成了国际一流的开发配套技术，实现了低渗透油气藏的规模有效开发，低渗透油气产量持续上升，其在产量构成中所占比例逐年增加。无论从近几年新增探明储量还是从剩余油气资源量看，低渗透油气都是今后勘探开发的主要对象，低渗透油气是中国未来油气工业的勘探开发主流，对保障国家能源安全具有重要的战略意义。

关键词：低渗透油气勘探开发主流现状未来技术

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Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) for traditional Chinese medicine: current situation and futuredevelopment

Zhaoxiang Bian, Baoyan Liu, David Moher, Taixiang Wu, Youping Li, Hongcai Shang, Chungwah Cheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 171-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0132-z

摘要： The reporting standards for randomized controlled trials were first published in 1996 by a group of scientists under the name “CONSORT,” which means consolidated standards of reporting trials. Revisions followed in 2001 and 2010. A draft of the CONSORT for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was published in both Chinese and English in 2007. After publication of the draft, comments were solicited from the medical community. Some papers did raise concerns about which items should be included in the CONSORT for TCM such as the rationale of the trial design, intervention, outcome assessment, and adverse events. We have now reached the next step which is the finalization of the CONSORT for TCM. Three tasks remain. First, the major changes in CONSORT statement 2010 should be integrated into the CONSORT for TCM. Second, Chinese drugs from minerals and animals should be included in the guidelines. Finally, agreement must be reached among the working groups. Once the draft is finalized, wide dissemination and co-publication will be considered.

关键词： CONSORT for TCM reporting standards future development

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深圳集装箱港口状况和前景

翁克勤

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 20-26

摘要：

介绍了深圳港集装箱港口设施、生产、航线等情况，初步分析了港口建设经验，论述了深圳和香港两地港口的共存共荣关系，描述了深圳集装箱港口的发展前景。

关键词：深圳集装箱港口状况前景

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以创新引领可持续发展的美好未来 Views & Comments

陈吉宁

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 16-18 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.004

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运输技术结构与发展方向问题分析

王伯鲁

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 79-83

摘要：

以人类运输活动所采用的主要驱动力为依据，把运输技术的发展历史划分为四个基本阶段；概括地指出了载体技术与路港技术是构成运输技术系统的基本单元，其间的矛盾运动推动着运输技术进步；阐述了运输技术体系的内部构成与外部联系；从运输活动的基本矛盾出发，结合当代科技与社会发展现实，对现代运输技术的四个发展方向做了概括性描述。

关键词：运输运输技术发展方向

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The development of pollution control technology in coal combustion in China

XU Xuchang, ZHANG Hu, ZHUO Yuqun, TONG Huiling, WANG Shujuan, LI Yan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 9-15 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0002-1

摘要： The recent development of coal combustion pollution control technologies in China, including desulphurization, denitrification, particulate matters and heavy metals emission control technologies, have been reviewed. The development histories and the advantages of China s self-developed technologies have been introduced in detail. The key points of future research and development in coal combustion pollution control, e.g., combined emission control and CO emission control technologies, have also been discussed.

关键词： development CO emission desulphurization future research emission

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中国页岩气资源潜力及其在天然气未来发展中的地位

赵文智,董大忠,李建忠,张国生

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 46-52

摘要：

中国页岩气勘探已在四川、鄂尔多斯等盆地及重庆、云南、贵州、湖南等地区获得发现，证实具有良好资源前景。依据最新资料，落实了稳定区面积、集中段厚度、可采资源丰度、含气量等资源评价关键参数，采用3种方法预测了我国页岩气可采资源量及分布。借鉴美国典型页岩气区发展经验，采用多种方法预测了我国页岩气未来达到的产量规模和发展路线图，明确提出了页岩气在我国未来天然气发展中的地位和作用。

关键词：页岩气资源潜力天然气未来发展地位

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A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future

Hannah Kratky, Zhan Li, Yijun Chen, Chengjin Wang, Xiangfei Li, Tong Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0982-y

摘要： Bioretention is a popular best management practice of low impact development that effectively restores urban hydrologic characteristics to those of predevelopment and improves water quality prior to conveyance to surface waters. This is achieved by utilizing an engineered system containing a surface layer of mulch, a thick soil media often amended with a variety of materials to improve water quality, a variety of vegetation, and underdrains, depending on the surrounding soil characteristics. Bioretention systems have been studied quite extensively for warm climate applications, but data strongly supporting their long-term efficacy and application in cold climates is sparse. Although it is apparent that bioretention is an effective stormwater management system, its design in cold climate needs further research. Existing cold climate research has shown that coarser media is required to prevent concrete frost from forming. For spring, summer and fall seasons, if sufficient permeability exists to drain the system prior to freezing, peak flow and volume reduction can be maintained. Additionally, contaminants that are removed via filtration are also not impacted by cold climates. In contrary, dissolved contaminants, nutrients, and organics are significantly more variable in their ability to be removed or degraded via bioretention in colder temperatures. Winter road maintenance salts have been shown to negatively impact the removal of some contaminants and positively impact others, while their effects on properly selected vegetation or bacteria health are also not very well understood. Research in these water quality aspects has been inconsistent and therefore requires further study.

关键词： Bioretention Cold climate Low impact development Stormwater

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Past in review and future plans

Yi QIAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 2-11 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0002-y

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风电机组技术现状及发展方向

许国东,叶杭冶,解鸿斌

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 44-50 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.007

摘要：

风力发电是可再生能源发电的重要形式，也是我国目前重点发展的、具有全球竞争力的战略性新兴产业之一，而风能装备技术的发展则是我国实现可再生能源高比例应用和产业持续健康发展的重要依托。本文详细分析了风电机组技术的发展历程和国内外发展现状，分析了国内外技术的差距与瓶颈，并对风电机组技术在提升结构效率、降低经济成本、增强环境友好性和资源节约利用等方面的发展趋势和市场需求进行了展望。

关键词：风力发电风电机组技术开发