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固体氧化物电解池共电解H₂O/CO₂研究进展

范慧,宋世栋,韩敏芳

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第2期页码 107-112

摘要：

固体氧化物电解池（SOEC）作为一种新的能源利用方式，可以将电能转化为化学能，具有高效、洁净、环保等优点。本文介绍了固体氧化物电解池的结构特点及其用于H2O/CO2的共电解制备H2和CO的工作原理，综述了固体氧化物电解池的组成形式，以及单片电解池和电解池堆用于H2O/CO2共电解反应的国内外研究进展，并阐述了提高固体氧化物电解池共电解效率所亟需解决的问题

关键词：固体氧化物电解池 H₂O/CO₂共电解合成气电解效率水电解

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Impacts of CO2 and H2S on the risk of hydrate formation during pipeline transport of natural gas

Solomon A. Aromada, Bjørn Kvamme

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 616-627 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1795-2

摘要： Evaluation of maximum content of water in natural gas before water condenses out at a given temperature and pressure is the initial step in hydrate risk analysis during pipeline transport of natural gas. The impacts of CO and H S in natural gas on the maximum mole-fractions of water that can be tolerated during pipeline transport without the risk of hydrate nucleation has been studied using our novel thermodynamic scheme. Troll gas from the North Sea is used as a reference case, it contains very negligible amount of CO and no H S. Varying mole-fractions of CO and H S were introduced into the Troll gas, and the effects these inorganic impurities on the water tolerance of the system were evaluated. It is observed that CO does not cause any distinguishable impact on water tolerance of the system, but H S does. Water tolerance decreases with increase in concentration of H S. The impact of ethane on the system was also investigated. The maximum mole-fraction of water permitted in the gas to ensure prevention of hydrate formation also decreases with increase in the concentration of C H like H S. H S has the most impact, it tolerates the least amount of water among the components studied.

关键词： hydrate hydrogen Sulphide CO₂ dew point pipeline

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离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 173-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.015

摘要：

离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO₂减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系；相对于陆上离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO₂，加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中，实现CO₂与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状，分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值；梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势，如CO₂工厂捕集、CO₂管道运输、CO₂海底咸水层封存与驱油利用、CO₂化学利用以及其他技术架构。

关键词：离岸碳捕集、利用与封存；CO2捕集；CO2运输；CO2封存；CO2利用；沿海地区；近海沉积盆地

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普光气田地面集输系统的内腐蚀控制与监测

欧莉,李时杰,苏国丰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 70-75

摘要：

分析了高含H₂S / CO₂气田的腐蚀特征，探讨了在普光气田开发建设同期模拟普光集输工况开展的腐蚀性研究与成果

关键词：普光酸性气田 H2S CO2 湿气输送缓蚀剂腐蚀监测

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铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al₂O₃金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 35-39

摘要：

研制了一种新型铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极，阳极基体由Fe-Ni-CoAl₂O₃构成。在石墨坩埚中，960℃温度下，电解质中的氧化铝质量分数为6.0%，摩尔比为2.6；阳极电流密度为1.0 A/cm²，阳极尺寸大小为120 mm×80 mm×15 mm，石墨阴极尺寸大小为120 mm×40 mm×20 mm，通入的直流电为100～300 A，电解时间各为10 h；实验所得的电解铝产品纯度达到98%以上，杂质主要为Fe，Ni，Co；电解后的阳极外观尺寸无明显变化，阳极气体中氧气质量分数达到98%～99%。阳极的反电动势为2.45 V，比理论分解电压仅高出0.25 V证明该阳极为惰性阳极，在电解槽中进行的是Al₂O₃的分解反应。

关键词：铝电解惰性阳极反电动势

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Newly-modeled graphene-based ternary nanocomposite for the magnetophotocatalytic reduction of CO2 with

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1438-1459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2166-y

摘要： The development of CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels has emerged as a green method that could help mitigate global warning. The novel structured photocatalyst is a promising material for use in a photocatalytic and magneto-electrochemical method that fosters the reduction of CO₂ by suppressing the recombination of electron−hole pairs and effectively transferring the electrons to the surface for the chemical reaction of CO₂ reduction. In our study, we have developed a novel-structured AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ to analyze its catalytic activity toward the selective evolution of CO₂. The selectivity of each nanocomposite substantially enhanced the activity of the AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ ternary nanocomposite due to the successful interaction, and the selectivity of the final product was improved to a value 3 times higher than that of the pure AgCuZnS₂ and 2 times higher than those of AgCuZnS₂–graphene and AgCuZnS₂–TiO₂ under ultra-violet (UV)-light (λ = 254 nm) irradiation in the photocatalytic process. The electrochemical CO₂ reduction test was also conducted to analyze the efficacy of the AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ when used as a working electrode in laboratory electrochemical cells. The electrochemical process was conducted under different experimental conditions, such as various scan rates (mV·s^–1), under UV-light and with a 0.07 T magnetic-core. The evolution of CO₂ substantially improved under UV-light (λ = 254 nm) and with 0.07 T magnetic-core treatment; these improvements were attributed to the facts that the UV-light activated the electron-transfer pathway and the magnetic core controlled the pathway of electron-transmission/prevention to protect it from chaotic electron movement. Among all tested nanocomposites, AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ absorbed the CO₂ most strongly and showed the best ability to transfer the electron to reduce the CO₂ to methanol. We believe that our newly-modeled ternary nanocomposite opens up new opportunities for the evolution of CO₂ to methanol through an electrochemical and photocatalytic process.

关键词： ternary nanocomposite photocatalytic electrochemical CO₂ reduction UV-light magnetic core

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Tuning porosity of coal-derived activated carbons for CO2 adsorption

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1345-1354 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2155-1

摘要： A simple method was developed to tune the porosity of coal-derived activated carbons, which provided a model adsorbent system to investigate the volumetric CO₂ adsorption performance. Specifically, the method involved the variation of the activation temperature in a K₂CO₃ induced chemical activation process which could yield activated carbons with defined microporous (< 2 nm, including ultra-microporous < 1 nm) and meso-micro-porous structures. CO₂ adsorption isotherms revealed that the microporous activated carbon has the highest measured CO₂ adsorption capacity (6.0 mmol∙g^–1 at 0 °C and 4.1 mmol∙g^–1 at 25 °C), whilst ultra-microporous activated carbon with a high packing density exhibited the highest normalized capacity with respect to packing volume (1.8 mmol∙cm⁻³ at 0 °C and 1.3 mmol∙cm^–3 at 25 °C), which is significant. Both experimental correlation analysis and molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that (i) volumetric CO₂ adsorption capacity is directly proportional to the ultra-micropore volume, and (ii) an increase in micropore sizes is beneficial to improve the volumetric capacity, but may lead a low CO₂ adsorption density and thus low pore space utilization efficiency. The adsorption experiments on the activated carbons established the criterion for designing CO₂ adsorbents with high volumetric adsorption capacity.

关键词： coal-derived activated carbons porosity CO₂ adsorption molecular dynamics

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Encapsulation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with tetraethyl orthosilicate for CO2 capture

Sidra Rama, Yan Zhang, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 672-683 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1856-6

摘要： Carbon capture is widely recognised as an essential strategy to meet global goals for climate protection. Although various CO capture technologies including absorption, adsorption and membrane exist, they are not yet mature for post-combustion power plants mainly due to high energy penalty. Hence researchers are concentrating on developing non-aqueous solvents like ionic liquids, CO -binding organic liquids, nanoparticle hybrid materials and microencapsulated sorbents to minimize the energy consumption for carbon capture. This research aims to develop a novel and efficient approach by encapsulating sorbents to capture CO in a cold environment. The conventional emulsion technique was selected for the microcapsule formulation by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as the core sorbent and silicon dioxide as the shell. This paper reports the findings on the formulated microcapsules including key formulation parameters, microstructure, size distribution and thermal cycling stability. Furthermore, the effects of microcapsule quality and absorption temperature on the CO loading capacity of the microcapsules were investigated using a self-developed pressure decay method. The preliminary results have shown that the AMP microcapsules are promising to replace conventional sorbents.

关键词： carbon capture microencapsulated sorbents emulsion technique low temperature adsorption and absorption

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Theoretical and experimental study on the fluidity performance of hard-to-fluidize carbon nanotubes-based CO2

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1460-1475 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2159-x

摘要： Carbon nanotubes-based materials have been identified as promising sorbents for efficient CO₂ capture in fluidized beds, suffering from insufficient contact with CO₂ for the high-level CO₂ capture capacity. This study focuses on promoting the fluidizability of hard-to-fluidize pure and synthesized silica-coated amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The novel synthesized sorbent presents a superior sorption capacity of about 25 times higher than pure carbon nanotubes during 5 consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles. The low-cost fluidizable-SiO₂ nanoparticles are used as assistant material to improve the fluidity of carbon nanotubes-based sorbents. Results reveal that a minimum amount of 7.5 and 5 wt% SiO₂ nanoparticles are required to achieve an agglomerate particulate fluidization behavior for pure and synthesized carbon nanotubes, respectively. Pure carbon nanotubes + 7.5 wt% SiO₂ and synthesized carbon nanotubes + 5 wt% SiO₂ indicates an agglomerate particulate fluidization characteristic, including the high-level bed expansion ratio, low minimum fluidization velocity (1.5 and 1.6 cm·s^–1), high Richardson−Zakin index (5.2 and 5.3 > 5), and low Π value (83.2 and 84.8 < 100, respectively). Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes causes not only enhanced CO ₂ uptake capacity but also decreases the required amount of silica additive to reach a homogeneous fluidization behavior for synthesized carbon nanotubes sorbent.

关键词： CO₂ capture CNT-based sorbents fluidization SiO₂ nanoparticles fluidized bed reactors

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海洋CO2管道输送技术现状与展望

王子明,李清平,李姜辉,范振宁,张建

《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.06.017

摘要：

管道输送是经济高效的CO2运输方式，海洋CO2运输是离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）产业链的关键环节和规模化开展离岸CCUS工程建设所需的核心技术本文明晰了我国实施离岸CCUS的优势、典型海洋碳运输情境和海洋CO2运输方式，剖析了国内外海洋CO2管道输送的技术与工程概况；从CO2流体相态及流动安全，沿程腐蚀风险评估、监测及预警，CO2泄漏实时监测技术，高压CO2泄放及对环境的影响等方面梳理了海洋CO2管道输送工艺技术现状；从CO2管道材料断裂行为及止裂措施、高耐蚀及密封材料、碳钢管道长寿命运行的关键腐蚀控制技术、注采井筒的腐蚀风险评估等方面梳理了海洋CO2管道材料技术现状。研究认为，加快发展适应海洋CO2管道输送复杂工况的材料体系、全流程CO2管道的智慧管理与数字孪生技术、海底CO2管道全生命周期运行关键技术、在役海底管道改输评估与保障技术，采取加快推动我国近海碳封存CO2

关键词： CO2管道；离岸CCUS；海底管道；管道腐蚀；管道断裂；泄漏监测

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太阳能技术对我国未来减排CO₂ 的贡献

赵玉文

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第4期页码 38-40

摘要：

在“我国后续能源发展战略研究”基础上对太阳能技术在我国未来减排CO₂中的作用进行了估计，结果表明，在2010年后太阳能技术对CO₂

关键词：太阳能，CO2减排

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CO₂ methanation and co-methanation of CO and CO₂ over Mn-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts

Kechao Zhao,Zhenhua Li,Li Bian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 273-280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1563-5

摘要： A series of Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The effect of the Mn content on the activity of the Ni/Al O catalysts for CO methanation and the co-methanation of CO and CO in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N physisorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and desorption, carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of Mn increased the number of CO adsorption sites and inhibited Ni particle agglomeration due to improved Ni dispersion and weakened interactions between the nickel species and the support. The Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts had improved CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures (250 to 400 °C). The Mn content was varied from 0.86% to 2.54% and the best CO conversion was achieved with the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst. The co-methanation tests on the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst indicated that adding Mn markedly enhanced the CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures but it had little influence on the CO methanation performance. CO methanation was more sensitive to the reaction temperature and the space velocity than the CO methanation in the co-methanation process.

关键词： Mn promotion nickel catalysts CO₂ methanation co-methanation of CO and CO₂

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地热能储存与CO₂封存和利用的一体化框架 Article

刘月亮, 胡婷, 芮振华, 张政, 都凯, 杨涛, Birol Dindoruk, Erling Halfdan Stenby, Farshid Torabi, Andrey Afanasyevc

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 121-130 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.010

摘要：此外，利用CO₂羽流进行地热储能可通过将CO₂储存于地质体中来缓解温室效应。然后，将产生的高能CO₂引入到目标油藏中，用于CO₂利用和地热能储存。最后，将CO₂有效地封存在地质油藏体中。结果表明，随着高能CO₂的注入，整个目标油藏的平均温度大幅度提高。在地热能的协助下，CO₂的地质利用率更高，从而使驱油效率提高了10.1%。根据对模拟CO₂场地的封存潜力的评估，CO₂注入110年后，地质体的利用率将高达91.2%，场地内CO₂的最终注入量将高达9.529 经过1000年封存，超临界相在CO₂封存中占主导地位，其次是液相，然后是矿化相。此外，由于残余油的存在，用于溶解捕获的CO₂封存量显著增加。

关键词：地热能储存 CO₂封存碳中和大规模 CO₂利用

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Corrigendum to “Interactions between the Design and Operation of Shale Gas Networks, Including CO2 Corrigendum

Mahdi Sharifzadeh,Xingzhi Wang,Nilay Shah

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第3期页码 429-429 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.027

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Study on tribological and electrochemistry properties of metal materials in H2O2 solutions

Chengqing YUAN, Li YU, Jian LI, Xinping YAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 93-98 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0313-8

摘要：

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a kind of ideal green propellant. It is crucial to study the wear behavior and failure modes of the metal materials under the strong oxidizing environment of H₂O₂. This study aims to investigate the wear of rubbing pairs of 2Cr13 stainless steel against 1045 metal in H₂O₂ solutions, which has a great effect on wear, the decomposition and damage mechanism of materials. The comparison analysis of the friction coefficients, wear mass loss, worn surface topographies and current densities was conducted under different concentrations of H₂O₂ solutions. There were significant differences in the tribological and electrochemistry properties of the rubbing pairs in different H₂O₂ solutions.

关键词： hydrogen peroxide wear corrosion wear mechanism