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Effect of graphene and its derivatives on thermo-mechanical properties of phase change materials andits applications: a comprehensive review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 150-186 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0795-3

摘要： Phase change materials (PCMs) play a leading role in overcoming the growing need of advanced thermal management for the storage and release of thermal energy which is to be used for different solar applications. However, the effectiveness of PCMs is greatly affected by their poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, in the present review the progress made in deploying the graphene (Gr) in PCMs in the last decade for providing the solution to the aforementioned inadequacy is presented and discussed in detail. Gr and its derivatives ((Gr oxide (GO), Gr aerogel (GA) and Gr nanoplatelets (GNPs)) based PCMs can improve the thermal conductivity and shape stability, which may be attributed to the extra ordinary thermo-physical properties of Gr. Moreover, it is expected from this review that the advantages and disadvantages of using Gr nanoparticles provide a deep insight and help the researchers in finding out the exact basic properties and finally the applications of Gr can be enhanced.

关键词： phase change materials (PCMs) graphene thermal conductivity characterization

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Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0387-x

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Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 81-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9

摘要：

Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging population of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： diabetes bone osteoporosis osteoarthritis

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高速公路采用ITS的必要性

宋科,邵培基

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 77-79

摘要：智能交通系统（ITS）是交通运输发展的方向，也是解决交通运输瓶颈的重要措施。

关键词：高速公路智能交通系统必要性

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Green Remanufacturing Engineering and Its Development Strategy in China

Bin-shi Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 102-106 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016024

摘要： proposes that “develop the remanufacturing industry vigorously, implement high-end remanufacturing, smart remanufacturing, and in-service remanufacturing, advance the identification of remanufacturing products, and promote sustainable and healthy development of the manufacturing industry”. Remanufacturing is an extension of the manufacturing industry chain, and it is an important part of advanced manufacturing and green manufacturing. The product function, technical performance, greenness and economy of the remanufacturing products are no worse than those of the new products. The cost of remanufacturing products is only about 50% of new products. Remanufacturing can save energy 60%, and material 70%, so the adverse impact on the environment is significantly reduced. At present, China’s remanufacturing industry is developing rapidly, and the manufacturing pilot has been in full swing. Meanwhile, the policies and regulations, basic theory, key technology, and industry standards of remanufacturing have been continuously innovated and completed.

关键词： green manufacturing remanufacturing circular economy

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Evaluation of global niobium flow modeling and its market forecasting

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 286-293 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0823-y

摘要： Metal, as the indispensable material, is functioning the society from technology to the environment. Niobium (Nb) is considered a unique earth metal as it is related to many emerging technologies. The increasing economic growth exerts an increasing pressure on supply, which leads to its significance in the economic sector. However, few papers have addressed Nb sustainability, which forms the scope of this paper in order to start the process of Nb market forecasting based on some previous data and some assumptions. Therefore, this paper will discuss different thoughts in material substitution and the substance flow of Nb throughout a static flow using Nb global data to have a better understanding of the process of Nb from production to end of life. This shall lead to the identification of the market needs to determine its growth which is around 2.5% to 3.0%. Moreover, due to China’s huge Nb consumption which comes from the continuous development that is happening over the years, it will also briefly mention the Nb situation as well as its growth which according to statistics will grow steadily till 2030 by a rate of 4.0% to 6.0%. The results show that there should be some enhancement to Nb recycling potentials out of steel scrap. In addition, there should be more involvement of Nb in different industries as this would lead to less-used materials which can be translated to less environmental impact.

关键词： niobium (Nb) sustainability substance flow analysis recycling industrial ecology

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Head-to-tail cyclization of a heptapeptide eliminates its cytotoxicity and significantly increases its

Shuai Ma, Huan Zhang, Xiaoyan Dong, Linling Yu, Jie Zheng, Yan Sun

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 283-295 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1687-2

摘要： Amyloid- (A ) protein aggregation is the main hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inhibition of A fibrillation is thus a promising therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of AD. Recently, we designed a heptapeptide inhibitor, LVFFARK (LK7). LK7 shows a promising inhibitory capability on A fibrillation, but is prone to self-assembling and displays high cytotoxicity, which would hinder its practical application. Herein, we modified LK7 by a head-to-tail cyclization and obtained a cyclic LK7 (cLK7). cLK7 exhibits a different self-assembly behavior from LK7, and has higher stability against proteolysis than LK7 and little cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y cells. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that both LK7 and cLK7 could bind to A by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, but the binding affinity of cLK7 for A ( = 4.96 µmol/L) is six times higher than that of LK7 ( = 32.2 µmol/L). The strong binding enables cLK7 to stabilize the secondary structure of A and potently inhibit its nucleation, fibrillation and cytotoxicity at extensive concentration range, whereas LK7 could only moderately inhibit A fibrillation and cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The findings indicate that the peptide cyclization is a promising approach to enhance the performance of peptide-based amyloid inhibitors.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid β-protein cyclic peptide inhibition protein aggregation

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Vague集Vague图及其在ITS物流中的应用

张然,刘扬,谢砚青,张江,贺仲雄

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 57-63

摘要：

在模糊集（fuzzy set）的基础上讨论了“双模糊集”Vague集的基本概念和运算形式，具体讨论了Vague聚类分析、Vague多准则决策、Vague图等问题及其在现代物流中的应用。最后给出根据正、负两方面效益选择运输方案的Vague集在物流中的应用实例。

关键词：智能物流人工智能 Vague集 Vague图在ITS物流中的应用

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Recent development in biogeotechnology and its engineering applications

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1073-1096 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0758-0

摘要： Microbial geotechnology or biogeotechnology is a new branch of geotechnical engineering. It involves the use of microbiology for traditional geotechnical applications. Many new innovative soil improvement methods have been developed in recent years based on this approach. A proper understanding of the various approaches and the performances of different methods can help researchers and engineers to develop the most appropriate geotechnical solutions. At present, most of the methods can be categorized into three major types, biocementation, bioclogging, and biogas desaturation. Similarities and differences of different approaches and their potential applications are reviewed. Factors affecting the different processes are also discussed. Examples of up-scaled model tests and pilot trials are presented to show the emerging applications. The challenges and problems of biogeotechnology are also discussed.

关键词： biogeotechnology biocementation bioclogging biogas strength enhancement liquefaction mitigation seepage control

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Biogas and its opportunities—A review

Panagiotis G. Kougias, Irini Angelidaki

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1037-8

摘要： Biogas production is a well-established technology primarily for the generation of renewable energy and also for the valorization of organic residues. Biogas is the end product of a biological mediated process, the so called anaerobic digestion, in which different microorganisms, follow diverse metabolic pathways to decompose the organic matter. The process has been known since ancient times and was widely applied at domestic households providing heat and power for hundreds of years. Nowadays, the biogas sector is rapidly growing and novel achievements create the foundation for constituting biogas plants as advanced bioenergy factories. In this context, the biogas plants are the basis of a circular economy concept targeting nutrients recycling, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and biorefinery purposes. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art and presents future perspectives related to the anaerobic digestion process for biogas production. Moreover, a historical retrospective of biogas sector from the early years of its development till its recent advancements gives an outlook of the opportunities that are opening up for process optimisation.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Biogas Biowastes Solid waste Manure Industrial waste

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Expression of heat shock protein gp96 in osteosarcoma and its clinical significance

GUO Weichun, CHEN Anmin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 200-203 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0038-6

摘要： This study aims to detect the expression of heat shock protein gp96 (HSPgp96) in osteosarcoma and explore its role in anti-tumor immunity. Expression of HSPgp96 in 45 cases of osteosarcoma, including 24 cases of the osteoblast type, 21 cases of chondroblast type and 5 cases of normal bone tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression rate of HSPgp96 was 100% (45/45) in osteosarcoma, compared with 20% (1/5) in normal bone tissue. The average positive cell rates were 97.23% and 0.48% in osteosarcoma and normal bone tissue, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( < 0.01). The positive cell rates in osteoblast type and chondroblast type were 97.78% and 96.56%, respectively, and the difference had no statistical significance ( > 0.05). The expression degree of HSPgp96 in osteosarcoma had a clear correlation with the pathologic degree ( < 0.05), while it had no relationship with the clinical stage ( > 0.05). The expression of HSPgp96 is high in osteosarcoma and it may be a significant index for judgment of malignancy degree and an important target site of anti-tumor immunity.

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Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United States and its implications

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1406-6

摘要：

• US tin use decreases as the GDP value added by manufacturing sector increases.

关键词： Tin use GDP Curve fitting Logistic model Gompertz model

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Building information modeling and its impact on users in the lifeworld: A mediation perspective

Hans VOORDIJK

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 193-206 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0013-8

摘要： Building information modeling (BIM) is expected to have a large impact on users in the lifeworlds in a construction supply chain. The impact of BIM on users in their lifeworlds is explored using the concepts of Heidegger, Habermas, and Ihde from the perspective of technical mediation. This impact is explored by a case study. BIM mediates and shapes the relationship between users and their lifeworlds and can be characterized as either a hermeneutic or an alterity relationship. BIM conflicts with existing work practices in a ready-to-hand work environment. For users that cannot work with BIM, the work environment remains present-at-hand. The many heterogeneous BIM applications and systems used by the various parties involved result in interoperability problems that are a major barrier to enframing the supply chain by BIM. Although invitation and inhibition of certain actions by BIM may stimulate the rationalization of the lifeworlds, the lack of intrinsic motivation and mutual background knowledge inhibits an alignment of BIM and working practices.

关键词： building information modeling mediation enframing lifeworld rationalization Heidegger Habermas Ihde

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INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

摘要：

• Monitoring data of>5000 dairy farms collected and examined in uniform manner.

• Environmental performances of farms influenced by government regulations.

• N and P surpluses at farm level remained about constant with intensity level.

• N and P use efficiencies at farm, herd and soil increased with intensity level.

• Accounting for externalization of off-farm feed production affects NUE and PUE.

• Ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification.

Many grassland-based dairy farms are intensifying production, i.e., produce more milk per ha of land in response to the increasing demand for milk (by about 2% per year) in a globalized market. However, intensive dairy farming has been implicated for its resources use, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication impacts. This paper addresses the question of how the intensity of dairy production relates to N and P surpluses and use efficiencies on farms subjected to agri-environmental regulations. Detailed monitoring data were analyzed from 2858 grassland-based dairy farms in The Netherlands for the year 2015. The farms produced on average 925 Mg·yr⁻¹ milk. Milk production per ha ranged from<10 to>30 Mg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹. Purchased feed and manure export strongly increased with the level of intensification. Surpluses of N and P at farm level remained constant and ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification. In conclusion, N and P surpluses did not differ much among dairy farms greatly differing in intensity due to legal N and P application limits and obligatory export of manure surpluses to other farms. Further, N and P use efficiencies also did not differ among dairy farms differing in intensity provided the externalization of feed production was accounted for. This paper provides lessons for proper monitoring and control of N and P cycling in dairy farming.

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Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism

Xiaojiao Zheng, Shouli Wang, Wei Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 634-644 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0670-8

摘要：

Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients. It has long been recognized as a natural strategy for promoting health, extending longevity, and prevents the development of metabolic and age-related diseases. In the present review, we focus on the general effect of CR on gut microbiota composition and global metabolism. We also propose mechanisms for its beneficial effect. Results showed that probiotic and butyrate-producing microbes increased their relative abundance, whereas proinflammatory strains exhibited suppressed relative abundance following CR. Analyses of the gut microbial and host metabolisms revealed that most host microbial co-metabolites were changed due to CR. Examples of dramatic CR-induced changes in host metabolism included a decrease in the rate of lipid biosynthesis and an increase in the rates of fatty acid catabolism, β-oxidation, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The observed phenotypes and the further verification of the direct link between gut microbiota and metabolome may benefit patients that are at risk for developing metabolic disease. Thus, improved gut microbiota composition and metabolome are potential biomarkers for determining the effectiveness of dietary interventions for age-related and metabolic diseases.

关键词： caloric restriction gut microbiota metabolome