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连拱坝的工作性态研究

顾冲时,李雪红

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第10期   页码 93-97

摘要：

连拱坝由于结构单薄，对周围环境变化影响比较敏感。文章结合梅山、佛子岭两座连拱坝的实测资料，采用多种模型和分析方法，对其工作性态进行了对比分析，由此引出连拱坝变形、稳定、强度和裂缝等的不利荷载工况。

关键词： 连拱坝     工作性态     不利荷载     对比分析    

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能源“金三角”发展战略建议

“能源领域咨询研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第9期   页码 18-28

摘要：

目前能源“金三角”正处于发展战略机遇期，大规模的能源开发支持了区域经济快速增长，在我国能源格局中的战略地位举足轻重。本文从该区域能源经济社会发展状况入手，分析阐述了区域发展环境与比较优势，重点分析了区域发展中所面临的产业结构同质化严重、能源资源开发粗放、煤炭转化无序竞争、能源外输压力大、水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱等一系列问题，提出了“统筹规划、科学开发、有序转化、优化输配、多能协同、生态低碳”的发展战略思路，建议重点打造能源“金三角”综合改革试验区，推进区域一体化发展，为促进区域产业转型升级与可持续发展提供参考。

关键词： 能源“金三角”；比较优势；战略机遇；生态环境；可持续发展    

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A comparative review of the state and advancement of Site-Specific Crop Management in the UK and China

Zhenhong LI, James TAYLOR, Lynn FREWER, Chunjiang ZHAO, Guijun YANG, Zhenhai LI, Zhigang LIU, Rachel GAULTON, Daniel WICKS, Hugh MORTIMER, Xiao CHENG, Chaoqing YU, Zhanyi SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 116-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018240

摘要：

Precision agriculture, and more specifically Site-Specific Crop Management (SSCM), has been implemented in some form across nearly all agricultural production systems over the past 25 years. Adoption has been greatest in developed agricultural countries. In this review article, the current situation of SSCM adoption and application is investigated from the perspective of a developed (UK) and developing (China) agricultural economy. The current state-of-the art is reviewed with an emphasis on developments in position system technology and satellite-based remote sensing. This is augmented with observations on the differences between the use of SSCM technologies and methodologies in the UK and China and discussion of the opportunities for (and limitations to) increasing SSCM adoption in developing agricultural economies. A particular emphasis is given to the role of socio-demographic factors and the application of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in translating agri-technologies into China and other developing agricultural economies. Several key research and development areas are identified that need to be addressed to facilitate the delivery of SSCM as a holistic service into areas with low precision (PA) agriculture adoption. This has implications for developed as well as developing agricultural economies.

关键词： remote sensing     decision support     responsible research and innovation     digital soil mapping    

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光照世界史坛的中医起源之谜

符友丰

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第9期   页码 1-12

摘要：

以疫病流行及其原型分析为线索，联系早期治法（如热熨、火灸、砭刺等）探讨了古代以腺鼠疫为代表的疫病流行与医学起源间的内在联系；以医源于疫的视野分析我国医史病史研究在出土文物、古文字和医学文献等方面丰富的信息资源与优势；分析解读疾病名实的古今变迁、比较中西医学及其在认识论与方法论上的差异，为审视我国传统医学在疫病防治方面的丰富经验与延至今日的独到成就与意义，疾病史研究成果与推广，实现古为今用，将为当今疫病防治的中西互补、中西医结合与比较提供宝贵的历史经验与借鉴。

关键词： 世界医学史     中医史     医学起源     鼠疫     霍乱     天花     比较医学    

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The Development and Comparative Analysis of Engineering Project Management Modes

Ji-wei Zhu,Li-nan Zhou,Ming-yuan Yu,Zhao Zhai

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 351-358 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015060

摘要： Engineering project management is the whole process of project construction management activities up to the point of achieving the goals of engineering construction, which adopts the means of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In addition, engineering project management modes are the works of project management and the technical guarantee of project success. For the quality and efficient transformation demands of the Chinese construction industry in the process of marketization, internationalization and informatization, based on the connotation and development path of engineering project management modes, the 16 main and new kinds of project management modes both domestically and abroad are divided into trading mode, financing mode and management mode. These have led to comparative analysis and brief commentary. Finally, it will be pointed out that the engineering project management modes move throughout the whole management process, the combined model and the expansion development of financing model. This work will provide reference for project participants to choose the appropriate project management modes and better understand building company transformation.

关键词： engineering projects     management mode     comparative analysis     development trend    

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Revealing Engineering Management System and Education Model in Developed Countries for Engineering Management Major Education Improvement in China

Jian-ya Jiang,Yang-wei Rao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 406-409 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014049

摘要： Different developed countries have differences in regulations for engineering management systems. The related education modes and their curriculum arrangement in universities in the US, UK, and Germany show their specializations. Through comparative research into engineering management systems and professional education modes between China and these developed countries, the paper proposes suggestions for improving the education of engineering management majors in China, which could speed up development of Chinese engineering general contracting enterprises and engineering project management enterprises.

关键词： engineering management system     education mode     comparative research     training improvement    

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Comparative lipidomic analysis of

Bin QIAO, Hong-Chi TIAN, Ying-Jin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 461-469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1223-3

摘要： Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of long-chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more long-chains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.

关键词： lipidomics     systems biology     phospholipids     stirred-tank     saccharomyces cerevisiae     biorefinery engineering    

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Last Planner System and Scrum: Comparative analysis and suggestions for adjustments

Roshan POUDEL, Borja GARCIA de SOTO, Eder MARTINEZ

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 359-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0117-1

摘要： This study provides a critical review of the concepts of Agile, Lean, Scrum, and Last Planner System (LPS). A comparative analysis is conducted between LPS and Scrum to expand LPS by considering Scrum’s best practices. Eight dimensions, namely, 1) origins, 2) main purpose, 3) overall system/framework process, 4) tools or artifacts maintained by the team, 5) team composition and main roles, 6) regular events or team meetings, 7) metrics/dashboards, and 8) approach to learning, are evaluated. After analyzing side by side the eight dimensions, it was found that many aspects from Scrum already exist in LPS in the same or similar form. However, the authors identify four main elements from Scrum that can be leveraged to improve the LPS benchmark, such as considering the Scrum “Increment” concept into LPS, having a clear definition of roles and responsibilities, or adding an equivalent to a Scrum Master to have a designated “rule keeper” in LPS. These opportunities to be considered in new LPS benchmarks need to be tested and validated with real applications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to comprehensively compare Scrum (Agile) and LPS (Lean) and could be seen as a contribution toward the evolution of the Last Planner System for the academic and industrial environments.

关键词： Lean Construction     Last Planner System     Agile     Scrum     comparative analysis     AEC projects     project teams    

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鼠疫病史研究的方法论省思

符友丰

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第9期   页码 19-29

摘要：

通过19世纪最后20余年间中国、 日本、荷兰，包括1929年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖得主爱克曼发现beriberi，中国专家吴存甫、罗汝兰出版《鼠疫汇编》，著名学者耶尔森发现鼠疫杆菌等历史过程的回顾，探讨了对当代学术思想的影响；在进一步论证古典脚气与鼠疫流行同一性的基础上，阐述了鼠疫流行对中国明清温疫与日本江户–明治脚气盛行的内在联系；分析了中西医家在宏观整体论与微观还原论等不同方法论指导下取得的历史成就与经验教训；结合百余年来有关病史悬案在中、英两种大百科全书注释中留下的疑云，剖析了近代医学发展史上涉及的科学研究 方法论与医学发展复杂性话题。

关键词： 比较医学史     日本鼠疫史     脚气     医学方法论     复杂性探索     爱克曼     廖育群    

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Layer-like FAU-type zeolites: A comparative view on different preparation routes

Bastian Reiprich, Tobias Weissenberger, Wilhelm Schwieger, Alexandra Inayat

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 127-142 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1883-3

摘要： The creation of intergrown layer-like zeolite crystals is one route to form hierarchical zeolites. Faujasite-type (FAU-type) zeolites are among the industrially most important zeolites and the implementation of hierarchical porosity is a promising way to optimise their catalytic and adsorptive performance. After a short general survey into routes for the preparation of hierarchical pore systems in FAU, we will review the currently existing strategies for the synthesis of FAU with layer-like morphology. Those strategies are mainly based on the presence of morphology modifying agents in the synthesis mixture. However, a very recent approach is the synthesis of layer-like FAU-type zeolite crystals assembled in an intergrown manner in the absence of such additives, just by finely adjusting the crystallization temperature. This additive-free preparation route for layer-like FAU, which appears very attractive from an ecological as well as economic point of view, is highlighted in this review. Concluding, a comparison, including powder X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption and elemental analysis, between conventional FAU and three layer-like FAU obtained by different synthesis routes was carried out to show the structural, morphological and textural differences and similarities of these materials.

关键词： FAU     hierarchical zeolite     layer-like morphology    

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Robotic distal pancreatectomy versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a comparative study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 356-360 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0404-0

摘要：

Robotic system has been increasingly used in pancreatectomy. However, the effectiveness of this method remains uncertain. This study compared the surgical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. During a 15-year period, 35 patients underwent minimally invasive approach of distal pancreatectomy in our center. Seventeen of these patients had robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, and the remaining 18 had conventional laparoscopic approach. Their operative parameters and perioperative outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in a prospective database. The mean operating time in the robotic group (221.4 min) was significantly longer than that in the laparoscopic group (173.6 min) (P = 0.026). Both robotic and conventional laparoscopic groups presented no significant difference in spleen-preservation rate (52.9% vs. 38.9%) (P = 0.505), operative blood loss (100.3 ml vs. 268.3 ml) (P = 0.29), overall morbidity rate (47.1% vs. 38.9%) (P = 0.73), and post-operative hospital stay (11.4 days vs. 14.2 days) (P = 0.46). Both groups also showed no perioperative mortality. Similar outcomes were observed in robotic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic approach. However, robotic approach tended to have the advantages of less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical position of robotic distal pancreatectomy.

关键词： distal pancreatectomy     pancreatic neoplasm     robotic surgery    

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Comparative transcriptomics revealed enhanced light responses, energy transport and storage in domestication

Zhiqiang XIA,Xin CHEN,Cheng LU,Meiling ZOU,Shujuan WANG,Yang ZHANG,Kun PAN,Xincheng ZHOU,Haiyan WANG,Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 295-307 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016126

摘要： Cassava is a staple food, feed and bioenergy crop important to the world especially in the tropics. Domesticated cassava is characterized by powerful carbohydrate accumulation but its wild progenitor is not. Here, we investigated the transcriptional differences of eight cDNA libraries derived from developing leaf, stem and storage root of cassava cv. Arg7 and an ancestor line, W14, using next generation sequencing system. A total of 41302 assembled transcripts were obtained and from these, 25961 transcripts with FPKM≥3 in at least one library were named the expressed genes. A total of 2117, 1963 and 3584 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in leaf, stem and storage root (150 d after planting), respectively, between Arg7 and W14 and ascribed to 103, 93 and 119 important pathways in leaf, stem and storage root, respectively. The highlight of this work is that the genes involved in light response, such as those for photosystem I (PSA) and photosystem II (PSB), other genes involved in light harvesting, and some of the genes in the Calvin cycle of carbon fixation were specially upregulated in leaf. Genes for transport and also for key rate-limiting enzymes (PFK, PGK and PK, GAPDH) coupling ATP consumption in glycolysis pathway were predominantly expressed in stem, and genes for sucrose degradation (INVs), amylose synthesis (GBSS) and hydrolysis (RCP1, AMYs), the three key steps of starch metabolism, and transport associated with energy translocation (ABC, AVPs and ATPase) and their upstream transcription factors had enhanced expression in storage root in domesticated cassava. Co-expression networks among the pathways in each organs revealed the relationship of the genes involved, and uncovered some of the important hub genes and transcription factors targeting genes for photosynthesis, transportation and starch biosynthesis.

关键词： cassava     comparative transcriptomics     energy transport     photosynthesis     starch synthesis    

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The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 403-418 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019287

摘要：

Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for organisms but the primary source of P—mineral phosphate resources—are non-renewable. Agricultural production has a high demand for fossil phosphate resources, but the resulting phosphate-rich residues are lack of management. This leads to rapid reserves depletion and severe phosphate pollution risks. One sustainable way is to reuse the phosphate dispersed in various residues such as sewage sludge and livestock manure. Diverse techniques have emerged to recover phosphate from wastes to close the phosphate cycle. While it is a global issue, the regional situations regarding potential phosphate scarcity and its management differ strongly. China is rich in phosphate resources, but over-exploitation has greatly increased the risk of phosphate rocks depletion, while in Germany the P resources depend on imports, but there is commitment to keep a balance between import and utilization. This had led to great differences in the way the two countries deal with the “re-use” of phosphate in waste. China is now in a transition phase from the simple terminal pollution control to “waste” reuse and nutrient resources recycling. One sign of this tendency is the mandatory garbage classification and preparation for further processing and recycling. This was first implemented in Shanghai in 2019, whereas Germany has been following the legal framework for waste management since the 19th century. There are a series of laws to control the nutrient loss from municipal and agricultural activities, as for instance with sewage sludge ordinance and fertilizer legislation. Many of these laws have been newly revised recently. Sewage sludge cannot be directly utilized on farmland as organic fertilizer any more. Alternatively, phosphate and other nutrients should be recovered from sewage sludge. Advanced phosphate recovery technologies and related nutrient recycling schemes are proceeding. This review summarizes the current situation of phosphate-containing residues management and phosphate reuse in China and Germany. The state legislation and policies, which would affect the phosphate recycling concept are presented as well. As there are various kinds of phosphate-containing residues, different phosphate recovery technologies can be applied. Those technologies are discussed from their mechanism and suitability.

关键词： phosphate recovery     manure     sewage sludge     ordinances     technologies    

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医学专业目录设置的国际比较及对策研究

余中光,张鹏俊,张知新,王辰

《中国工程科学》 2020年 第22卷 第1期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.018

摘要：

医学专业目录设置对于促进医学学科发展、培养合格的医学人才具有重要意义，在高等院校实施一流学科建设的背景下，健全、科学的专业目录显得尤为重要。为助力我国医学学科发展，本文运用文献分析法梳理了我国医学专业设置现状，系统比较了中国、美国、英国的医学专业目录类别与特点。研究发现，当前我国医学专业目录设置存在专业目录不统一、专业设置数量和内容相对滞后、临床医学专业过早专科化、与住院医师规范化培训专业目录衔接不畅等问题；建议采取统一医学专业目录、丰富学科内涵、体现交叉学科特点、建立规范的医学专业准入和退出机制等举措，推进医学专业目录与国际接轨，为培养合格、规范的医学人才提供路径指引。

关键词： 医学     专业目录     临床医学     比较分析    

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A comparative study of electroacupuncture at Zhongliao (BL33) and other acupoints for overactive bladder

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 129-136 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0491-6

摘要：

Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zhongliao (BL33) can improve the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB), such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence. However, its performance compared with other acupoints remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of EA at BL33 with deep needling on rats with OAB by detecting urodynamics in eight groups: no intervention group, D-BL33 group (deep needling at BL33), S-BL33 group (shallow needling at BL33), non-acupoint group (needling at the non-acupoint next to BL33), Weizhong (BL40) group, Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, Tongtian (BL7) group, and Hegu (LI4) group. Results revealed that EA at BL33 with deep needling, BL40, and SP6 prolonged the intercontraction interval (ICI) of rats with OAB (P=0.001, P=0.005, P=0.046, respectively, post-treatment vs. post-modeling). Furthermore, the change in ICI from post-modeling in the D-BL33 group was significantly greater than those of the no intervention and other EA groups (all P<0.01). Significantly shortened vesical micturition time (VMT) and elevated maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) were also observed in the D-BL33 group (P=0.017 and P=0.024, respectively, post-treatment vs. post-modeling). However, no statistically significant differences in the changes of VMT and MDP from post-modeling were observed between D-BL33 and the other EA groups. In conclusion, EA at BL33 with deep needling may inhibit acetic-acid-induced OAB more effectively.

关键词： overactive bladder     electroacupuncture     acupuncture points    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

连拱坝的工作性态研究

顾冲时,李雪红

期刊论文

能源“金三角”发展战略建议

“能源领域咨询研究”综合组

期刊论文

A comparative review of the state and advancement of Site-Specific Crop Management in the UK and China

Zhenhong LI, James TAYLOR, Lynn FREWER, Chunjiang ZHAO, Guijun YANG, Zhenhai LI, Zhigang LIU, Rachel GAULTON, Daniel WICKS, Hugh MORTIMER, Xiao CHENG, Chaoqing YU, Zhanyi SUN

期刊论文

光照世界史坛的中医起源之谜

符友丰

期刊论文

The Development and Comparative Analysis of Engineering Project Management Modes

Ji-wei Zhu,Li-nan Zhou,Ming-yuan Yu,Zhao Zhai

期刊论文

Revealing Engineering Management System and Education Model in Developed Countries for Engineering Management Major Education Improvement in China

Jian-ya Jiang,Yang-wei Rao

期刊论文

Comparative lipidomic analysis of

Bin QIAO, Hong-Chi TIAN, Ying-Jin YUAN

期刊论文

Last Planner System and Scrum: Comparative analysis and suggestions for adjustments

Roshan POUDEL, Borja GARCIA de SOTO, Eder MARTINEZ

期刊论文

鼠疫病史研究的方法论省思

符友丰

期刊论文

Layer-like FAU-type zeolites: A comparative view on different preparation routes

Bastian Reiprich, Tobias Weissenberger, Wilhelm Schwieger, Alexandra Inayat

期刊论文

Robotic distal pancreatectomy versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a comparative study

null

期刊论文

Comparative transcriptomics revealed enhanced light responses, energy transport and storage in domestication

Zhiqiang XIA,Xin CHEN,Cheng LU,Meiling ZOU,Shujuan WANG,Yang ZHANG,Kun PAN,Xincheng ZHOU,Haiyan WANG,Wenquan WANG

期刊论文

The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

null

期刊论文

医学专业目录设置的国际比较及对策研究

余中光,张鹏俊,张知新,王辰

期刊论文

A comparative study of electroacupuncture at Zhongliao (BL33) and other acupoints for overactive bladder

null

期刊论文