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Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要: Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词: consumption energy use    

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第6期   页码 11-18

摘要:

从我国面临科学发展和转变经济发展方式迫切需求出发,分析节能降耗的总体经济效益,以探讨实施积极的节能降耗目标的经济合理性。笔者对“十一五”期间节能降耗工作的总体经济效益进行了评估,用数据和事实肯定了“十一五”节能降耗的巨大经济效益;并分析了提高能效对我国“十二五”转变经济发展方式,支持长期可持续经济发展的宏观经济效果及其必要性和合理性。

关键词: 能源战略     节能降耗     节能经济效益     科学发展     经济学    

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1325-y

摘要: Abstract • Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.

关键词: Recycling economics     Cost-benefit     Food waste treatment     Subsidy     Food waste economy     Circular economy    

Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 351-367 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0023-6

摘要: Many researchers found high potential of adopting building photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban areas, especially on building rooftop, to improve the sustainability of urban environment. However, the optimal energy output performance and economic benefit of the PV system are affected by the usable roof area, PV array layout, and shading effect considering high city density. This study aims to understand the effects of these design parameters in the urban environment of rooftop PV’s economic performance. This study carries out a case study in the urban area of Melbourne with 90 PV designs under three shading conditions to generate 270 scenarios. Through a lifecycle cost-benefit analysis, including net present value (NPV), NPV per kW, internal return rate (IRR), and payback year, the results can help in developing a comprehensive understanding of the economic performance of rooftop PV designs that cover most of the urban areas of Melbourne. The optimal PV design scenarios for the urban environment are identified, thereby providing investors and industry professionals with useful information on value-for-money PV design. Meanwhile, the maximum shading loss that makes the PV systems financially unfeasible is investigated, and design scenarios with greatest ability to sustain the shading effect are identified. This research can also support the policy makers’ decision on the development and deployment of the roof PV systems in urban planning.

关键词: building photovoltaics     tilt and azimuth     orientation     shading analysis     economic analysis    

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据?经济因素?恢复力?或二者皆是?

David Singleton AM

《工程(英文)》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 180-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.04.001

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要: Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词: hydrogen     off-grid photovoltaic     energy storage     LCOH     engineering economics    

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要:

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词: general anesthesia     economics     cost    

Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 850-866 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0664-5

摘要: Concentrating solar power (CSP) is considered as a comparatively economical, more efficient, and large capacity type of renewable energy technology. However, CSP generation is found restricted only to high solar radiation belt and installed where high direct normal irradiance is available. This paper examines the viability of the adoption of the CSP system in a low sun belt region with a lower direct normal irradiance (DNI). Various critical analyses and plant economics have been evaluated with a lesser DNI state. The obtained results out of the designed system, subjected to low DNI are not found below par, but comparable to some extent with the performance results of such CSP plants at a higher DNI. The analysis indicates that incorporation of the thermal energy storage reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and augments the plant capacity factor. The capacity factor, the plant efficiency, and the LCOE are found to be 32.50%, 17.56%, and 0.1952 $/kWh, respectively.

关键词: concentrated solar power     direct normal irradiance     plant performance     plant economics     thermal energy storage    

循环经济:理念与创新

金涌,冯之浚,陈定江

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第1期   页码 4-11

摘要:

我国从开始关注循环经济理念,到今天把循环经济定为国家发展的基本国策之一,已经历了十余个年头。从理论探索到工程实践,在多学科共同交叉研究中,许多专家学者提出了诸多基本理念。为了承上启下,笔者试图对这方面的创新思想进行总括,作为进一步以工程科技创新推进循环经济发展的指导思想。

关键词: 循环经济     循环经济学    

卫生经济学应用于慢性病防控决策的战略研究

顾雪非,张美丽,刘小青,李婷婷,黄宵,王超群,徐楠,向国春,刘克军,高润霖

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第2期   页码 88-94 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.015

摘要:

为提高当前慢性病防控体系的效率,更好地遏制慢性病的流行,保护公众健康,2015年中国工程院设立了“卫生经济学应用于慢性病防控决策的战略研究”重大咨询项目。课题组调研发现,作为一种重要的卫生决策工具,卫生经济学在慢性病防控决策过程中尚处于初级应用阶段。对卫生经济学的重要性认识不足,对卫生经济学的方法的掌握和应用能力有限,制约了其在慢性病防控决策中的应用,因此建议建立多元主体参与的卫生经济学研究力量,加强卫生经济学应用于慢性病防控决策的大数据积累及应用研究,提出将卫生经济学应用于我国慢性病防控决策的战略框架。

关键词: 慢性病防控     卫生经济学     疾病经济负担     大数据     战略规划    

Energy shift: decline of easy oil and restructuring of geo-politics

Oliver R. INDERWILDI,David A. KING

《能源前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 260-267 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0416-8

摘要: This paper critically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel resources on both resource exporters and importers. Presently, very strong political and economic forces drive the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas recovery in the West as these enhance energy security and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity generated by this trend has, supported by other effects such as Saudi Arabia’s decision to maintain current production, triggered a significant reduction of oil prices. Consequently, it is now oil exporters that struggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countries base their fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel revenues. In fact, these unconventional resources help turn the tide while oil exporters are now politically significantly weakened due to the increased energy sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extraction of unconventional types of oil has many environmental implications. So, internalising the environmental externalities have to be considered. This paper, therefore, assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the environmental implications of this trend.

关键词: energy security     climatic change     geo-economics     geopolitics     unconventional resources     macroeconomics    

Methodological considerations for redesigning sustainable cropping systems: the value of data-mining large and detailed farm data sets at the cropping system level

Nicolas MUNIER-JOLAIN, Martin LECHENET

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 21-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019292

摘要:

Redesigning cropping and farming systems to enhance their sustainability is mainly addressed in scientific studies using experimental and modeling approaches. Large data sets collected from real farms allow for the development of innovative methods to produce generic knowledge. Data mining methods allow for the diversity of systems to be considered holistically and can take into account the diversity of production contexts to produce site-specific results. Based on the very few known studies using such methods to analyze the crop management strategies affecting pesticide use and their effect on farm performance, we advocate further investment in the development of large data sets that can support future research programs on farming system design.

关键词: data mining     holistic     Integrated Pest Management     economics     DEPHY network.    

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 699-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3

摘要: Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW , including 227 units of 135 MW , 95 units of 300 MW , and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.

关键词: CFB boiler     installed capacity     reliability     economics     ultra-low emission     China    

Characteristics Analysis of Integrated CAES and CFPP Trigeneration System Considering Working Conditions and Application Scenarios

Jiajia Li,Peigang Yan,Guowen Zhou,Xingshuo Li,Qiang Li,Jinfu Liu,Daren Yu,

《工程(英文)》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.015

摘要: To meet the goal of worldwide decarbonization, the transformation process toward clean and green energy structures has accelerated. In this context, coal-fired power plant (CFPPs) and large-scale energy storage represented by compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, are tasked with increasing renewable resource accommodation and maintaining the power system security. To achieve this, this paper proposes the concept of a CFPP–CAES combined cycle and a trigenerative system based on that. Considering the working conditions of the CFPP, thermal characteristics of three typical operation modes were studied and some general regularities were identified. The results of various potential integration schemes discussion indicated that extracting water from low-temperature points in the feedwater system to cool pressurized air and simultaneously increase the backwater temperature is beneficial for improving performance. In addition, preheating the pressurized air before the air expanders via low-grade water in the feedwater system as much as possible and reducing extracted steam contribute to increasing the efficiency. With the optimal integration scheme, 2.85 tonnes of coal can be saved per cycle and the round-trip efficiency can be increased by 2.24%. Through the cogeneration of heat and power, the system efficiency can reach 77.5%. In addition, the contribution degree of the three compression heat utilization methods to the performance improvement ranked from high to low, is preheating the feedwater before the boiler, supplying heat, and flowing into the CFPP feedwater system. In the cooling energy generation mode, the system efficiency can be increased to over 69%. Regardless of the operation mode, the benefit produced by integration is further enhanced when the CFPP operates at higher operating conditions because the coupling points parameters are changed. In addition, the dynamic payback period can be shortened by 11.33 years and the internal rate of return increases by 5.20% under a typical application scenario. Regarding the effect of different application scenarios in terms of economics, investing in the proposed system is more appropriate in regions with multiple energy demands, especially heating demand. These results demonstrate the technical advantages of the proposed system and provide guiding principles for its design, operation, and project investment.

关键词: Compressed air energy storage     CFPP–CAES combined cycle     Thermodynamic performance     Technical economics    

我国护理体系现存突出问题的探索及建设策略

皮红英,孟文文,章洁,支晨,赵婷

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第2期   页码 79-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.013

摘要:

本文运用文献研究法、问卷调查法及专家咨询法来探索当前我国护理体系存在的问题,围绕护理人力资源配置、学科发展建设、护理价值实现三方面分析现存的突出问题并提出对策建议。分析结果表明,护理人力资源配置,在护士数量、学历水平、年龄结构、队伍稳定性等方面存在问题;在护理学科发展建设方面,专业课程设置、人才培养模式、经费投入问题较为突出;护理服务价格偏低、护士收入偏低、护理价值得不到体现同样是阻碍护理事业发展的关键问题。针对上述突出问题,在加强护理队伍建设和提升护理服务质量、加快学科建设和人才培养、健全护理收费标准和提高护士待遇三方面提出对策建议及建设策略,以期为构建新型护理体系提供依据。

关键词: 护理体系     护理服务     人力资源     护理经济学     护理学科建设    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

期刊论文

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

期刊论文

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

期刊论文

Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

期刊论文

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据?经济因素?恢复力?或二者皆是?

David Singleton AM

期刊论文

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

期刊论文

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

期刊论文

Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

期刊论文

循环经济:理念与创新

金涌,冯之浚,陈定江

期刊论文

卫生经济学应用于慢性病防控决策的战略研究

顾雪非,张美丽,刘小青,李婷婷,黄宵,王超群,徐楠,向国春,刘克军,高润霖

期刊论文

Energy shift: decline of easy oil and restructuring of geo-politics

Oliver R. INDERWILDI,David A. KING

期刊论文

Methodological considerations for redesigning sustainable cropping systems: the value of data-mining large and detailed farm data sets at the cropping system level

Nicolas MUNIER-JOLAIN, Martin LECHENET

期刊论文

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

期刊论文

Characteristics Analysis of Integrated CAES and CFPP Trigeneration System Considering Working Conditions and Application Scenarios

Jiajia Li,Peigang Yan,Guowen Zhou,Xingshuo Li,Qiang Li,Jinfu Liu,Daren Yu,

期刊论文

我国护理体系现存突出问题的探索及建设策略

皮红英,孟文文,章洁,支晨,赵婷

期刊论文