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Blockage of receptor-interacting protein 2 expression by small interfering RNA in murine macrophages

LIU Hongchun, CAO Zhongwei, JIN Jianjun, WANG Jiyao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0030-1

摘要： This study aims to demonstrate that blocking the receptor-interacting protein2 (Rip2) expression can decrease inflammatory cytokine production by macrophage and protect mice from endotoxin lethality. Murine Rip2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids were constructed and transfected into macrophage and Rip2 expression was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation was assayed with MTT. TNF-? concentration was assayed with ELISA and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) level with semi-quantitative western blot after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS challenge was given after the plasmids were injected into mice and the survival rate was calculated. Rip2 siRNA plasmid could block the mRNA and protein expression of Rip2 and promote cell proliferation. Blocking Rip2 could attenuate LPS-induced TNF-? and HMGB1 production. The HMGB1 expression in the liver decreased to (40.21 ± 11.03) pg/g, and serum TNF-? level decreased to (300.43 ± 59.26) ng/L ( < 0.05). The survival rate of mice from endotoxemia was also improved ( < 0.05). The results demonstrate that Rip2 siRNA plasmid can block the expression of Rip2, decrease the production of TNF-? and HMGB1 and protect mice from fatal endotoxemia.

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Performance of fixed beam without interacting bars

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Behnam KARAMI, Timon RABCZUK, Arshia SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Ali NAGHSH, Mohammreza MOHAMMAD KHANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1180-1195 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0661-0

摘要： Increasing the bending capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) elements is one of important topics in structure engineering. The goal of this study is to develop a transferred stress system (TSS) on longitudinal reinforcement bars for increasing the bending capacity of RC frames. The study is divided into two parts, i.e., experimental tests and nonlinear FE analysis. The experiments were carried out to determine the load-deflection curves and crack patterns of the ordinary and TSS fixed frame. The FE models were developed for simulating the fixed frames. The obtained load-deflection results and the observed cracks from the FE analysis and experimental tests are compared to evaluate the validation of the FE nonlinear models. Based on the validated FE models, the stress distribution on the ordinary and TSS bars were evaluated. We found the load carrying capacity and ductility of TSS fixed beam are 29.39% and 23.69% higher compared to those of the ordinary fixed beams. The crack expansion occurs on the ordinary fixed beam, although there are several crack openings at mid-span of the TSS fixed beam. The crack distribution was changed in the TSS fixed frame. The TSS fixed beam is proposed to employ in RC frame instead of ordinary RC beam for improving the performance of RC frame.

关键词： transferred stress system bending capacity crack opening crack propagation FE nonlinear model stress distribution

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Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1301-1315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4

摘要： Increasing the bending and shear capacities of reinforced concrete members is an interesting issue in structural engineering. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to improve capacities of reinforced concrete members such as using post and pre-tensioning, Fiber Reinforced Polymer and other techniques. This paper proposes a novel and significant technique to increase the flexural capacity of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The proposed method uses a new reinforcement bar system having bent-up bars, covered with rubber tubes. This technique will avoid interaction of bent-up bars with concrete. They are located in the zone where compressive and tensile forces act against one another. The compressive force in the upper point of the bent-up bars is exerted to the end point of these bars located under neutral axis. Moreover, the tensile stress is decreased in reinforcements located under the neutral axis. This will cause the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam to endure extra loading before reaching yield stress. These factors may well be considered as reasons to increase bending capacity in the new system. The laboratory work together with finite element method analysis were carried out in this investigation. Furthermore, bending capacity, ductility, strength, and cracking zone were assessed for the new proposed system and compared with the conventional model. Both the FEM simulation and the experimental test results revealed that the proposed system has significant impact in increasing the load bearing capacity and the stiffness of the RC beams. In the present study, an equation is formulated to calculate bending capacity of a new reinforcement bar system beam.

关键词： bending capacity rubber tube stress transfer bent-up bars ductility cracking

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma

ZHANG Xufeng, YU Liang, LU Yi

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 216-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0042-x

摘要： Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway has been identified as a key cellular pathway in embryogenesis and disease, including cancers. In recent years, more and more interacting components have been observed and their exact functions approached, thus ensuring the most complicated understanding of this pathway in normal organism development and disorders. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a deeply understanding of this pathway, more and more genes which contribute to aberrant activation of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway has recently been identified and their exact roles in HCC pursued. In this review, we will focus on a mostly updated understanding of this pathway and its observed role in HCC by emphasizing the gene defects identified to promote tumorigenesis and development.

关键词： interacting complicated understanding embryogenesis activation organism development

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系统神经工程综述：神经成像、接口及调控技术研究进展 Review

Bradley J. Edelman,Nessa Johnson,Abbas Sohrabpour,童善保,Nitish Thakor,Bin He

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第3期页码 292-308 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015078

摘要：

本文综述了在系统层面研究大脑内部活动最先进的技术。负责我们日常生活的神经活动是由大脑不同区域复杂的协调过程共同完成的。表面上，不同功能由具体的解剖结构所控制，然而事实上是通过内部大量相互连接的神经元和突触通路的动态网络来实现的。因此，从系统层面能更好地理解大脑的正常生理或病理状态。目前已有很多神经工程技术，但本文将重点关注三个领域：神经成像、神经接口和神经调控技术。神经成像能够帮助我们描绘大脑的结构和功能，这对理解正常和疾病状态下的神经系统功能至关重要。基于神经影像的知识，可以开发神经接口与神经系统进行交流，或者调控大脑的活动。这三个领域的研究对开发相关的仪器、设备及其应用很关键。在神经反馈的基础上，通过神经接口 (侵入式或非侵入式) 监测神经活动 (通过神经影像模式)，以一定的刺激参数，调控和改变神经功能。总之，系统神经工程是指利用工程工具和技术来成像、解码和调控大脑，进一步理解大脑的正常功能及障碍修复。这些领域之间的相互交叉将引领系统神经工程的发展方向——发展神经技术，来增强对大脑整体功能和功能障碍的理解，以及对神经和精神障碍的干预。

关键词：系统神经工程神经成像神经接口神经调节神经技术脑&ndash 计算机接口脑&ndash 机器接口神经刺激