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Deformation analysis of shape memory polymer for morphing wing skin under airflow

Weilong YIN, Jingcang LIU, Jinsong LENG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 447-449 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0062-5

摘要： The method for analyzing the out-of-plane deformation of a flexible skin under airflow is developed in this paper. The aerodynamic analysis is performed using the CFD software, and the structural analysis is performed using finite element method. The chief aim of the present study is to investigate the out-of-plane deformation of the shape memory polymer (SMP) skin at different temperatures. Numerical results show that the maximum out-of-plane displacement of the SMP skin increases with increasing temperature. When the SMP skin is heated to 53°C, the maximum out-of-plane displacement is about 7 mm. It decreases by 72%, when the SMP skin is applied with a uniform pre-strain of 0.1.

关键词： aircraft morphing skin shape memory polymer (SMP) deformation pre-strain

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The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 43-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0980-8

摘要： Autoimmune-related skin diseases are a group of disorders with diverse etiology and pathophysiology involved in autoimmunity. Genetics and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these autoimmune disorders. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are poorly understood, environmental variables that induce aberrant epigenetic regulations may provide some insights. Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences. The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the function of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune-related skin disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous skin diseases, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the possible clinical applications of precision epigenetics approaches.

关键词： epigenetics autoimmune-related skin diseases DNA methylation histone modifications noncoding RNAs

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Hyperthermia on skin immune system and its application in the treatment of human papillomavirus-infectedskin diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 1-5 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0309-3

摘要：

Hyperthermia is a condition characterized by increased body temperature as a consequence of failed thermoregulation. Hyperthermia occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Hyperthermia also elicits various effects on the physiology of living cells. For instance, fever-range temperature (39β°C to 40β°C) can modulate the activities of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Heat shock temperature (41β°C to 43β°C) can increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Cytotoxic temperature (>43β°C) can create an antigen source to induce an anti-tumor immune response. The immunomodulatory effect of hyperthermia has promoted an interest in hyperthermia-aided immunotherapy, particularly against tumors. Hyperthermia has also been used to treat deep fungal, bacterial, and viral skin infections. We conducted a series of open or controlled trials to treat skin human papillomavirus infection by inducing local hyperthermia. More than half of the patients were significantly cured compared with those in the control trial. A series of challenging clinical cases, such as large lesions in pregnant patients or patients with diabetes mellitus, were also successfully and safely managed using the proposed method. However, further studies should be conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and promote the clinical applications of hyperthermia.

关键词： hyperthermia HPV immune response virus tumor

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Risk stratification system for skin and soft tissue infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 957-968 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0910-1

摘要： Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) refer to infections involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle. In transplant populations with hematological malignancies, an immunocompromised status and the routine use of immunosuppressants increase the risk of SSTIs greatly. However, to date, the profiles and clinical outcomes of SSTIs in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients remain unclear. This study included 228 patients (3.67%) who developed SSTIs within 180 days after allogeneic HSCT from January 2004 to December 2019 in Peking University People’s Hospital. The overall annual survival rate was 71.5%. We compared the differences between survivors and non-survivors a year after transplant and found that primary platelet graft failure (PPGF), comorbidities of acute kidney injury (AKI), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) were independent risk factors for death in the study population. A PPGF–AKI–HAP risk stratification system was established with a mortality risk score of 1×PPGF+1×AKI+1×HAP. The areas under the curves of internal and external validation were 0.833 (95% CI 0.760–0.906) and 0.826 (95% CI 0.715–0.937), respectively. The calibration plot revealed the high consistency of the estimated risks, and decision curve analysis showed considerable net benefits for patients.

关键词： skin and soft tissue infections hematopoietic stem cell transplantation risk stratification system mortality

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Numerical study of thermal characteristics of double skin facade system with middle shade

Shaoning LIU, Xiangfei KONG, Hua YANG, Minchao FAN, Xin ZHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 222-234 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0480-8

摘要： Architectural shade is an effective method for improving building energy efficiency. A new shade combined with the double skin façade (DSF) system, called middle shade (MS), was introduced and developed for buildings. In this paper, a 3D dynamic simulation was conducted to analyze the influence of MS combined with DSF on the indoor thermal characteristics. The research on MS for DSF involves the temperature, the ventilation rate, the velocity distribution of the air flow duct, and the indoor temperature. The results show that the angle and position of the shade in the three seasons are different, and different conditions effectively enhance the indoor thermal characteristics. In summer, the appearance of MS in DSF makes the indoor temperature significantly lower. The indoor temperature is obviously lower than that of the air flow duct, and the temperature of the air flow duct is less affected by MS. The influence of the position of blinds on indoor temperature and ventilation rate is greater than the influence of the angle of blinds. According to the climate characteristics of winter and transition season, in winter, early spring, and late autumn, the indoor temperature decreases with the increase of the position of blinds at daytime, but the opposite is true at night. The results found in this paper can provide reference for the design and use of MS combined with DSF in hot summer and cold winter zone.

关键词： middle shade position thermal characteristics double skin facade

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Moment-curvature relationship of FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular members

Mingxue LIU, Jiaru QIAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 25-31 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0012-7

摘要： Tests were conducted on 3 specimens to study the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel double-skin tubular members (DSTMs). The strip method was used to calculate the section moment-curvature curves of the 3 specimens and 12 models. A theoretical formula is presented for the flexural strength of DSTMs. The test results show that the tension zone of the specimen FRP tubes was in hoop compression while the compression zone was in hoop tension. The load-carrying capacity did not decrease even when the mid-span deflection reached about 1/24 of the span length. The tests, simulation and theoretical analysis resulted in a simplified formula for the flexural strength of DSTMs and a tri-linear moment-curvature model was expressed as a function of the section bending stiffness for DSTMs.

关键词： fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete steel double-skin tubular members (DSTMs) moment-curvature curve flexural strength

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Analysis of effect of different construction methods of piles on the end effect on skin friction of piles

ZHOU Hongbo, CHEN Zhuchang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 458-463 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0062-7

摘要： Based on the comparative analysis of end effect on skin friction of displacement-pile (driven pile), the end effect on skin friction of bored pile is studied. The end effect on skin friction between driven pile and bored pile is different and the end effect on skin friction of bored pile is reduce of skin friction in the soil layer adjacent to the pile end. The degradation degree of skin friction is deduced with the increase of the distance from pile end. The concept of additional mud cake formed by the effect of cushion at the bottom of borehole during pouring concrete is introduced to explain the mechanism of end effect on skin friction of the bored pile. The test results of post-grouting piles indicate that the post-grouting technique is an effective way to improve the end effect on skin friction of bored pile.

关键词： distance different concept additional bottom

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Behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns with octagon section under axial compression

YANG Junjie, PENG Guojun, XU Hanyong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 205-210 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0035-5

摘要： Based on some conclusions of two kinds of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDSST) members with circular or square sections, a new kind of CFDSST with octagonal section, where the outer tube has an octagonal section and the inner tube has a circular section, is proposed in this paper. Behaviors of the CFDSST members with octagon section subjected to axial compression are investigated, and some curves of load-strain of steel tubes and confined concrete and the bearing capacity of members are obtained. It is indicated that the bearing capacity of the columns with octagonal section is larger than that with square section and is smaller than that with circular section, and the bearing capacity of members is related to the ratio of the straight side to the bevelled one. Based on the proper stress-strain relationship, a couple of numerical analyses are made using the finite element software named ANSYS. Finally, a simplified formula is proposed in the paper, and the numerical results agree well with the experimental results and the mathematical solutions. The results are valuable for engineers.

关键词： mathematical numerical compression stress-strain relationship straight

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Heating energy savings potential from retrofitting old apartments with an advanced double-skin façade

Yeo Beom YOON, Byeongmo SEO, Brian Baewon KOH, Soolyeon CHO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 224-240 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0801-1

摘要： Apartments account for over 60% of total residential buildings and consume a significant portion of primary energy in South Korea. Various energy efficiency measures have been implemented for both new apartment constructions and existing apartment retrofits. Old apartment structures have poor thermal performances, resulting in a high energy consumption. The South Korean government initiated retrofitting projects to improve the energy efficiency in old apartments. Apartment owners typically replace old windows with high-performance windows; however, there is still a demand for better and more innovative retrofit methods for a highly improved energy efficiency. This paper proposes an advanced double-skin façade (DSF) system to replace existing balcony windows in old apartments. Considering the cold climate conditions of Seoul, South Korea, it mainly discusses heating energy savings. Three case models were developed: Base-Case with existing apartment, Case-1 with typical retrofitting, and Case-2 with the proposed DSF system. The EnergyPlus simulation program was used to develop simulation models for a floor radiant heating system. A typical gas boiler was selected for low-temperature radiant system modeling. The air flow network method was used to model the proposed DSF system. Five heating months, i.e., November to March, and one representative day, i.e., January 24, were selected for detailed analysis. The main heat loss areas consist of windows, walls, and infiltration. The results reveal that the apartment with the DSF retrofit saves 38.8% on the annual heating energy compared to the Base-Case and 35.2% compared to Case-1.

关键词： double-skin façade retrofitting high-rise apartment heating energy building simulation

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产氧缝合线介导的氧气全层渗透用于促进移植皮肤的存活 Article

宰文静, 袁雨浓, 康琳, 许加龙, 胡一桥, 康立峰, 吴锦慧

《工程（英文）》 2023年第29卷第10期页码 83-94 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.006

摘要：

全厚皮肤移植对于重建皮肤屏障、促进伤口愈合至关重要，充足的氧气供给与皮肤移植的成功密切相关。然而，全厚皮肤的氧气递送受限于皮肤对氧气的低渗透性。在本篇文章中，构建了产氧缝合线用于促进全厚皮肤的氧气渗透。在皮肤模型的15 mm厚度处，产氧缝合线递送的氧气量是局部气态氧疗的100倍以上。在极端乏氧（< 0.5% O₂，v/v）环境下，产氧缝合线可以促进内皮细胞增殖。通过小鼠自体皮瓣移植实验发现，产氧缝合线帮助恢复血液再灌注、促进移植皮肤的存活。产氧缝合线有望在临床中被使用，促进全厚皮肤移植的成功。

关键词：伤口皮肤移植产氧缝合线全层氧气递送

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Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0750-6

摘要： Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions, improve their aerodynamic efficiency, and reduce their energy consumption. The design and fabrication of high-performance, lightweight, and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft design. This paper discusses morphing aircraft development history, structural characteristics, existing applications, and future prospects. First, some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. Second, the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles, including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures, lattice technology for reducing structural weight, and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures, are summarized and categorized. Moreover, in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft, the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators, such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites, and analyzes their advantages and limitations. Third, the paper discusses multiple challenges, including flexible structures, flexible skins, and control systems, in the design of future morphing aircraft. Lastly, the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

关键词： morphing aircraft additive manufacturing lattice structure smart material flexible structure flexible skin

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微针递送系统用于皮肤疾病的局部增效治疗——应用、挑战和前景 Review

龚明宇, 陈杨燕, 胡婉姗, 陆超, 潘昕, 彭婷婷, 陈天祥, 吴传斌

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 170-189 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.009

摘要：

微针能直接将治疗药物递送到皮肤病变部位，从而提高治疗效果和降低副作用，因而可用于皮肤疾病的局部治疗。微针可以递送不同种类的治疗药物（如小分子药物、大分子药物、纳米药物、活细胞、细菌和外泌体）来治疗各种皮肤疾病，包括浅表肿瘤、伤口、皮肤感染、炎症性皮肤病和异常皮肤外观。微针的治疗效率可以通过以下几种策略来提高：①整合不同治疗方法的优点来进行联合治疗；②对微针的结构进行仿生设计或者赋予微针内外源响应性释药性能来提高药物的经皮递送效率。一些研究提出将无药物微针发展为一种有前景的机械治疗方法，即通过微针的机械刺激产生机械转导信号来促进伤口愈合、疤痕消退和毛发再生。虽然微针具有诸多优点，但微针的实际应用还存在工业化生产和临床评价难等问题，进而制约微针的临床转化。本文总结了微针在皮肤疾病中的各种应用、新出现的挑战和发展前景，为微针的临床转化思路提供借鉴。

关键词：微针经皮给药系统皮肤疾病治疗挑战前景

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用于实时皮肤创面愈合的超强工程化蛋白凝聚体黏合剂 Article

李铭, 柳柏梅, 徐炜, 赵来, 王自立, 何浩男, 李敬敬, 王帆, 马超, 刘凯, 张洪杰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第31卷第12期页码 76-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.013

摘要：

黏合剂作为生物医学工程中的一种先进方式，因其独特的伤口管理行为而备受关注。然而，由于当前的黏合剂系统界面粘合强度较弱，要实现牢固的黏合仍是一项巨大的挑战。此外，传统化学黏合剂缺乏动态适应性，限制了伤口周围的新生细胞向该部分迁移，导致组织再生效果不佳。在此，我们精心设计了一种具有强大黏附力和实时促皮肤愈合效果的细胞外基质衍生的生物复合黏合剂。在嵌合蛋白和天然DNA间超分子相互作用的积极参与下，液-液相分离被很好地用来驱动生物复合黏合剂的组装，从而获得增强的黏合性能。该生物黏合剂具有出色的黏合和止血性能，其中，剪切黏合强度约18 MPa，优于已报道的同类产品。此外，工程生物衍生成分赋予了该黏合材料优异的生物相容性和特殊的生物学功能，包括促进细胞增殖和迁移，因此使用这种材料最终可实现实时原位皮肤再生。这项工作为功能化生物黏合剂工程和生物医学转化开辟了新的途径。

关键词：生物复合黏合剂蛋白 DNA 凝聚物皮肤愈合

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基于脱细胞后鱼皮细胞外基质的生物打印水凝胶纺织品用于创面修复 Article

林祥, 张涵, 张慧, 张倬豪, 陈国璞, 赵远锦

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 120-127 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.022

摘要：

创面修复具有普遍性、治疗困难、患者众多和医疗负担沉重的特点，一直是临床研究的热点。为了满足特定需求，研究者投入了大量科研力量，致力于开发各种个性化需求和功能的伤口敷料。在这方面，我们提出了一种基于鱼皮脱细胞的细胞外基质（dECM）水凝胶纺织品用于创面修复。鱼源的dECM具有理想的生物相容性，并且通过生物打印技术制备的纺织品在细胞黏附和增殖方面表现出卓越的性能。此外，基于dECM的水凝胶纺织品采用生物打印技术生成，因此具有可调节的多孔结构，使整个纺织品具备良好的透气性。而且，水凝胶骨架上的多孔结构高比表面积使其能够负载多种活性分子，从而提高创面愈合效果。通过体内研究结果，我们证明了这种制备的纺织品负载活性药物分子姜黄素（Cur）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）能够显著加速慢性创面的修复过程。这些结果表明鱼皮dECM纺织品在创面修复和生物医学工程领域具有潜在的价值。

关键词：生物打印鱼皮细胞外基质水凝胶创面修复

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DX旋挖挤扩灌注桩在LNG储存罐中的应用

贺德新,张成伟,郑建华,贺建彤,张新生

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第1期页码 19-25

摘要：

针对场地上部为吹填海砂、下部为粉砂的特殊地层条件，在储存罐的基础中采用了普通直孔灌注桩和三节DX旋挖挤扩灌注桩；通过现场自平衡载荷试验，判定桩的竖向抗压极限承载力和沉降量，分析桩的载荷传递机理，并对桩侧阻力、桩端阻力的分配和发展规律进行研究；同时通过对两种桩的试验结果进行对比，发现DX挤扩灌注桩的极限承载力、桩身沉降明显优于普通直孔灌注桩，而且DX桩的长度明显小于直孔桩。

关键词： DX旋挖挤扩灌注桩桩侧阻力桩端阻力极限承载力沉降