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预处理技术——家庭生物废弃物处理过程中的微塑料制造者 Article
Tian Hu, Fan Lü, Zhan Yang, Zhenchao Shi, Yicheng Yang, Hua Zhang, Pinjing He
《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期 页码 117-127 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.010
Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste (HBW). However, the imperfect separation of plastics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics (MPs). To validate this presumption, herein, quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50 μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants. These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source. The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified. Moreover, flux estimates of MPs were released, and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment. Pretreated output can contain a maximum of (1673 ± 279) to (3198 ± 263) MP particles per kilogram of wet weight (particles·kg−1 ww) for those undepackaged at source, and secondary MPs formation is primarily attributed to biomass crushers, biohydrolysis reactors, and rough shredders. Comparatively, HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%–72%, regardless of pretreatment processes. Before pretreatment, 4.6–205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW. MPs are produced at a rate of 741.11–33 124.22 billion MP particles annually in anaerobic digester feedstock (ADF). This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source. Furthermore, depackaging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pretreatment on MPs formation.
关键词： Microplastics Plastic debris Household biogenic waste Depackage Pretreatment
瞿金平
《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第10期 页码 58-68
依据塑料工业发展低耗、高效、环保型“绿色”加工成型技术的重大需求，随着塑料塑化输运方法的不断演变与创新，在塑料动态加工成型方法和设备的基础上提出和研究了基于拉伸流变的塑料加工成型方法和技术，着重讨论了拉伸形变支配的叶片挤压系统中塑料塑化输运过程、叶片挤压系统的技术特征和叶片塑化输运技术的应用。
王璇,冀星,李术元
《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第12期 页码 90-95
废旧塑料的回收利用是近年来治理环境污染的一个重要课题。废聚乙烯（PE）在塑料垃圾中占有很大的比例，如何对其进行合理的回收、利用已成为人们十分关心的问题。
王琪,瞿金平,石碧,陈宁,聂敏,杨双桥
《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第1期 页码 160-166 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.020
废弃塑料污染防治是国家战略的重要组成部分。本文全面深入分析我国废弃塑料的来源、回收利用及回收利用技术的现状。在塑料全生命周期评价基础上，提出了我国塑料污染防治全链条解决方案：在技术层面，必须从塑料合成、加工、应用和处理等各环节全方位全链条防治废弃塑料污染，包括塑料制品源头减量，塑料原料及替代产品的开发，塑料制品循环利用的设计，高性能长服役期塑料制品的加工，废弃塑料清洁高效规模化回收利用，终极塑料垃圾的安全处理等；在政府层面，建议加强政府政策引导，落实行政监管；在企业层面，建立有效回收机制，明确生产者、经营者、消费者的回收责任，为废弃塑料污染防治提供政策及技术建议；在公众层面，提高公民环保意识，全民参与治理。采用上述提出的我国塑料污染防治全链条解决方案，可以促进我国塑料工业和国民经济绿色可持续发展。
陈玲 ,杨潇 ,张琳钰 ,胡海冬 ,王瑾丰 ,吴兵 ,任洪强
《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第6期 页码 99-106 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.003
容易断裂的可降解塑料 Letter
杨栩旭, Jason Steck, 杨加伟, 王叶成, 锁志刚
《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第5期 页码 624-629 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.009
可降解塑料可以在特定环境中发生降解反应。上述降解反应动态过程的表征，往往通过测量塑料的质量和力学强度随时间的变化来实现。然而在塑料受到非均质降解的情况下，以上表征方法所得到的结果具有不准确性。本文研究了一种非均质的降解过程：可降解塑料在化学和外力的共同作用下，其中的裂纹发生扩展。PLA是一种聚酯类塑料，包含可被水解的酯键。使用剪刀在PLA薄膜上引入初始裂纹，然后搭建装置将其撕裂，并用显微镜记录裂纹的扩展过程。这些发现将有助于可降解塑料的发展，并在医疗行业和环境可持续性发展方面具有重要意义。
Philippe Dubois
《工程（英文）》 2022年 第14卷 第7期 页码 15-18 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.009
Sean O'Neill
《工程（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第10期 页码 3-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.004
肖健,孙书廷,刘建中
《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第8期 页码 83-87
孙昱楠,张帆,李建园,张闳楠,李宁,穆兰,程占军,颜蓓蓓,陈冠益 ,侯立安
《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第3期 页码 182-196 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.022
塑料制品是制造业的重要产品类型，产业发展质量与经济社会息息相关；在现阶段面临资源环境约束趋紧的背景下，合理处置并利用废塑料对经济和环境可持续发展至关重要塑料制品种类更加丰富，相应处置技术及应用挑战不断更新，与产业高质量发展、严格的环保要求相叠加，凸显了系统梳理废塑料处置与利用研究进展的迫切性。本文就废塑料处置与利用技术体系进行了细致分类，主要从废塑料的机械处置、能源与资源转化、再生循环利用、处置与利用新技术4 个方面阐明了技术特点、适用条件、研究进展。在此基础上，借鉴发达国家已有经验、针对相关技术应用挑战，提出了从源头减量并鼓励再生塑料使用、强化废塑料分类回收力度、推动技术创新与成果转化等应对建议，以期为我国废塑料清洁处置与回收利用研究提供参考。
陈奇恩
《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第4期 页码 12-15
全面论述了塑料薄膜覆盖农业的研究与应用。提出了塑料薄膜覆盖的问题与展望。
Guanyi Chen,Jianyuan Li,Yunan Sun,Zhi Wang,Gary A. Leeke,Christian Moretti,Zhanjun Cheng,Yuan Wang,Ning Li,Lan Mu,Jinyu Li,Junyu Tao,Beibei Yan,Li´an Hou
《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期 页码 153-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.002
In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on the environmental impact of plastics, including the carbon emissions related to plastics, which has promoted the application of biodegradable plastics. Countries worldwide have shown high interest in replacing traditional plastics with biodegradable plastics. However, no systematic comparison has been conducted on the carbon emissions of biodegradable versus traditional plastic products. This study evaluates the carbon emissions of traditional and biodegradable plastic products (BPPs) over four stages and briefly discusses environmental and economic perspectives. Four scenarios—namely, the traditional method, chemical recycling, industrial composting, and anaerobic digestion—are considered for the disposal of waste biodegradable plastic product (WBBPs). The analysis takes China as a case study. The results show that the carbon emissions of 1000 traditional plastic products (plastic bags, lunch boxes, cups, etc.) were 52.09–150.36 carbon emissions equivalent of per kg (kg CO2eq), with the stage of plastic production contributing 50.71%–50.77%. In comparison, 1000 similar BPPs topped out at 21.06–56.86 kg CO2eq, approximately 13.53%–62.19% lower than traditional plastic products. The difference was mainly at the stages of plastic production and waste disposal, and the BPPs showed significant carbon reduction potential at the raw material acquisition stage. Waste disposal plays an important role in environmental impact, and composting and anaerobic digestion are considered to be preferable disposal methods for WBBPs. However, the high cost of biodegradable plastics is a challenge for their widespread use. This study has important reference significance for the sustainable development of the biodegradable plastics industry.
关键词： Carbon emissions Biodegradable plastics Different disposal scenarios Daily life consumption Environmental and economic discussion
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
预处理技术——家庭生物废弃物处理过程中的微塑料制造者
Tian Hu, Fan Lü, Zhan Yang, Zhenchao Shi, Yicheng Yang, Hua Zhang, Pinjing He
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