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Ballistic behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs under high velocity impact

Chahmi OUCIF, Luthfi Muhammad MAULUDIN, Farid Abed

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 299-310 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0588-5

摘要： This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs. In this paper, we focus on the comparison of the performance of the plain and reinforced concrete slabs of unconfined compressive strength 41 MPa under ballistic impact. The concrete slab has dimensions of 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, and is meshed with 8-node hexahedron solid elements in the impact and outer zones. The ogive-nosed projectile is considered as rigid element that has a mass of 0.386 kg and a length of 152 mm. The applied velocities vary between 540 and 731 m/s. 6 mm of steel reinforcement bars were used in the reinforced concrete slabs. The constitutive material modeling of the concrete and steel reinforcement bars was performed using the Johnson-Holmquist-2 damage and the Johnson-Cook plasticity material models, respectively. The analysis was conducted using the commercial finite element package Abaqus/Explicit. Damage diameters and residual velocities obtained by the numerical model were compared with the experimental results and effect of steel reinforcement and projectile diameter were studies. The validation showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The added steel reinforcements to the concrete samples were found efficient in terms of ballistic resistance comparing to the plain concrete sample.

关键词： Johnson-Holmquist-2     Johnson-Cook     reinforced concrete     damage     impact loads    

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Cohort study of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China: evaluation

Yanhong Shou, Lu Yang, Yongsheng Yang, Xiaohua Zhu, Feng Li, Bo Yin, Yingyan Zheng, Jinhua Xu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 585-593 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0817-2

摘要： Stevens--Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but severe diseases. This study aimed to validate the predictive ability of risk models in patients with SJS/TEN and propose possible refinement in China. Patients in the Department of Dermatology of Huashan Hospital from January 2008 to January 2019 were included. Results showed that the severity-of-illness score for TEN (SCORTEN) had a good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.78), and it was superior to auxiliary score (AS) and ABCD-10, which indicates age, bicarbonate level, cancer, dialysis, and 10% involved body surface area (AUC, 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). The calibration of SCORTEN (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, = 0.69) was also better than that of AS ( = 0.25) and ABCD-10 ( = 0.55). SCORTEN and ABCD-10 were similar (Brier score (BS), 0.04 and 0.04) in terms of accuracy of predictions. In addition, the imaging appearance of pulmonary consolidation on computed tomography was associated with high mortality. Refined models were formed using the variables and this imaging appearance. The refined AS and ABCD-10 models were similar in discrimination compared with the original SCORTEN (0.74 vs. 0.78, = 0.23; 0.74 vs. 0.78, = 0.30, respectively). Therefore, SCORTEN showed good discrimination performance, calibration, and accuracy, and refined AS or ABCD-10 model may be an option when SCORTEN variables are not available.

关键词： Stevens–Johnson syndrome     toxic epidermal necrolysis     auxiliary score     ABCD-10     pulmonary consolidation    

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深碳观测计划——对地球内部碳的十年探索

Schiffries, Andrea Johnson Mangum, Jennifer L. Mays, Michelle Hoon-Starr, Robert M. Hazen

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 372-378 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.004

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系统神经工程综述：神经成像、接口及调控技术研究进展 Review

Edelman,Nessa Johnson,Abbas Sohrabpour,童善保,Nitish Thakor,Bin He

《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第3期   页码 292-308 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015078

摘要：

本文综述了在系统层面研究大脑内部活动最先进的技术。负责我们日常生活的神经活动是由大脑不同区域复杂的协调过程共同完成的。表面上，不同功能由具体的解剖结构所控制，然而事实上是通过内部大量相互连接的神经元和突触通路的动态网络来实现的。因此，从系统层面能更好地理解大脑的正常生理或病理状态。目前已有很多神经工程技术，但本文将重点关注三个领域：神经成像、神经接口和神经调控技术。神经成像能够帮助我们描绘大脑的结构和功能，这对理解正常和疾病状态下的神经系统功能至关重要。基于神经影像的知识，可以开发神经接口与神经系统进行交流，或者调控大脑的活动。这三个领域的研究对开发相关的仪器、设备及其应用很关键。在神经反馈的基础上，通过神经接口 (侵入式或非侵入式) 监测神经活动 (通过神经影像模式)，以一定的刺激参数，调控和改变神经功能。总之，系统神经工程是指利用工程工具和技术来成像、解码和调控大脑，进一步理解大脑的正常功能及障碍修复。这些领域之间的相互交叉将引领系统神经工程的发展方向——发展神经技术，来增强对大脑整体功能和功能障碍的理解，以及对神经和精神障碍的干预。

关键词： 系统神经工程     神经成像     神经接口     神经调节     神经技术     脑&ndash     计算机接口     脑&ndash     机器接口     神经刺激    

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Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

Johnson, Kimberly Heck, Sujin Guo, Camilah D. Powell, Thien Phan, Phillip B. Gedalanga, David T.

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1071-6

摘要：

Groundwater microbial community was altered after catalysis and chemical oxidation.

The coupled treatment train removed 90% 1,4-dioxane regardless of co-contaminants.

Dynamics of microbial populations varied along with different treatment stages.

Many microbial taxa exhibited resilience against oxidative and catalytic treatments.

Metagenomic analysis will be valuable for long-term management of polluted sites.

关键词： Coupled treatments     Chlorinated solvents     Diethylene ether     Biological diversity     Microbial populations     Biomarkers    

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Basic consideration of research strategies for head and neck cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 339-353 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0213-7

摘要：

Head and neck cancer (HNC) consists of a group of malignancies affecting closely related anatomical regions of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), including the oral cavity, salivary glands, upper and lower jaw bones and facial skin; the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland (although the latter is often excluded and considered as part of endocrine neoplasms). Of these, 90% of HNCs are histologically squamous cell carcinomas originating from the mucosal lining. These malignancies are strongly associated with certain environmental and life-style risk factors, principally tobacco in both smoked and smokeless forms, excessive alcohol consumption, diets poor in antioxidants and essential micronutrients, UV light, chemicals used in certain workplaces, and viruses, principally certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These cancers are frequently aggressive in their biological behaviour with local invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes in the neck. Since most patients are already at late stages of disease at the time of diagnosis, the desirable practice of early diagnosis (first sign of the malignant lesion at an initial stage ) and early treatment, a critical priority to save lives and retain quality of life, is difficult to implement. Thus, primary prevention has been set as a key goal. This article aims to reinforce the basic knowledge of aetiology, key risk factors related to the development of head and neck cancer, basic features of clinical appearance of this group of cancers, and strategies for prevention and early detection. We also suggest basic research strategies on the basis of current knowledge, which should ultimately lead to the improvement of clinical management.

关键词： clinical management     head and neck cancer     prevention and early detection     research strategies     risk factors    

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Improvement in the synthesis of 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl

GAO Shihao, SUN Chenghui, ZHAO Xinqi, GAO Changquan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 80-84 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0017-0

摘要： 2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III), an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalosporins, was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid (I) with 2,2′-dibenzothiazole disulfide (II) in the presence of triphenylphosphine. Effects of reaction time, temperature, solvents, catalysts and feeding molar ratio on the yield and quality of products were investigated, and an improved procedure suitable for industrial production was established. Using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, triphenylphosphine as reducer, and triethylamine as catalyst, (I) : (II) : (triphenylphosphine) = 1.0 : 1.0 : 1.0, the product was obtained at room temperature in 98.1% yield. The purity of the product without further purification is 98.7% determined by HPLC method. This procedure could be a suitable alternative to the traditional processes because of its easy handling, high yield and low cost.

关键词： 5-Amino-1     2     4-thiadiazol-3-yl     1     2-dichloroethane     important intermediate     2-benzothiazolyl thioester     temperature    

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Effect of TiO 2 loading on the activity of V/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Xiaohong LI, Wenying LI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 142-146 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0233-2

摘要： TiO-AlOmixed oxides with different compositions ranging from 40wt-% to 95wt-% of TiO were prepared by sol-gel method and impregnated with different amounts of VO. Supports and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), physisorption, temperature preprogrammed reduction (H-TPR), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH-TPD). TiO content in the support had obvious effect on the crystal structure, texture characteristic, acid property, and catalytic activity in dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) with carbon dioxide. The highest catalytic activity was acquired when the TiO content was 50 wt-%.

关键词： desorption     different     TiO-AlOmixed     physisorption     ethylbenzene    

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Al2O3 and CeO2-promoted MgO sorbents for CO2 capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 83-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1691-6

摘要： A series of Al O and CeO modified MgO sorbents was prepared and studied for CO sorption at moderate temperatures. The CO sorption capacity of MgO was enhanced with the addition of either Al O or CeO . Over Al O -MgO sorbents, the best capacity of 24.6 mg-CO /g-sorbent was attained at 100 °C, which was 61% higher than that of MgO (15.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent). The highest capacity of 35.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent was obtained over the CeO -MgO sorbents at the optimal temperature of 200 °C. Combining with the characterization results, we conclude that the promotion effect on CO sorption with the addition of Al O and CeO can be attributed to the increased surface area with reduced MgO crystallite size. Moreover, the addition of CeO increased the basicity of MgO phase, resulting in more increase in the CO capacity than Al O promoter. Both the Al O -MgO and CeO -MgO sorbents exhibited better cyclic stability than MgO over the course of fifteen CO sorption-desorption cycles. Compared to Al O , CeO is more effective for promoting the CO capacity of MgO. To enhance the CO capacity of MgO sorbent, increasing the basicity is more effective than the increase in the surface area.

关键词： CO2 capture     MgO sorbents     Al2O3     CeO2     flue gas    

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以净零排放为目标的封存驱动型CO2提高采收率方法 Article

刘月亮, 芮振华

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第18卷 第11期   页码 79-87 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.010

摘要： 可通过驱油过程将CO2封存在油藏地质体中，因此，CO2驱油与封存被视为降低CO2排放的重要手段之一。本研究提出了一种新型的CO2提高采收率（EOR）方法，即封存驱动型CO2提高采收率，其主要目标是通过在油藏中封存尽可能多的CO2来实现CO结果表明，DME可提高CO2在原油中的溶解度，有利于CO2的溶解封存；可抑制因CO2的抽提作用造成的原油轻质组分“逃逸&rdquo封存驱动型CO2 EOR方法在提高波及效率方面优于传统的CO2 EOR，尤其是在采油后期更为明显；同时，封存驱动型CO2 EOR比传统的此外，通过封存驱动型CO2 EOR封存的CO2量远超采出原油燃烧产生的碳排放总量。

关键词： CO2 EOR     CO2净排放量     二甲醚     封存驱动型CO2 EOR     CO2封存    

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The stabilization effect of Al2O3 on unconventional Pb/SiO2 catalyst

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1423-1429 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2315-y

摘要： Similar to Sn, Pb located at the same group (IVA) in the periodic table of elements, can also catalyze propane dehydrogenation to propene, while a fast deactivation can be observed. To enhance the stability, the traditional carrier Al2O3 with a small amount, was introduced into Pb/SiO2 catalyst in this study. It has been proved that Al2O3 can inhibit the reduction of PbO, and weaken the agglomeration and loss of Pb species due to its enhanced interaction with Pb species. As a result, 3Al15Pb/SiO2 catalyst exhibits a much higher stability up to more than 150 h. In addition, a simple schematic diagram of the change of surface species on the catalyst surface after Al2O3 addition was also proposed.

关键词： Pb/SiO2     Al2O3     propane dehydrogenation     propene     stability    

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Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by bacteria enriched from biological activated carbon

Rongfang YUAN, Beihai ZHOU, Chunhong SHI, Liying YU, Chunlei ZHANG, Junnong GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 701-710 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0367-6

摘要： One of the most common taste and odour compounds (TOCs) in drinking water is 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) which cannot be readily removed by conventional water treatments. Four bacterial strains for degrading 2-MIB were isolated from the surface of a biological activated carbon filter, and were characterized as spp., spp., spp. and spp. based on 16S rRNA analysis. The removal efficiencies of 2-MIB with initial concentrations of 515 ng·L were 98.4%, 96.3%, 95.0%, and 92.8% for spp., spp., spp. and spp., respectively. These removal efficiencies were slightly higher than those with initial concentration at 4.2 mg·L (86.1%, 84.4%, 86.7% and 86.0%, respectively). The kinetic model showed that biodegradation of 2-MIB at an initial dose of 4.2 mg·L was a pseudo-first-order reaction, with rate constants of 0.287, 0.277, 0.281, and 0.294 d , respectively. These degraders decomposed 2-MIB to form 2-methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornane as the products.

关键词： 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)     biodegradation     2-methylenebornane     2-methyl-2-bornane     pseudo-first-order reaction    

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Encapsulation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with tetraethyl orthosilicate for CO2 capture

Sidra Rama, Yan Zhang, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 672-683 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1856-6

摘要： Carbon capture is widely recognised as an essential strategy to meet global goals for climate protection. Although various CO capture technologies including absorption, adsorption and membrane exist, they are not yet mature for post-combustion power plants mainly due to high energy penalty. Hence researchers are concentrating on developing non-aqueous solvents like ionic liquids, CO -binding organic liquids, nanoparticle hybrid materials and microencapsulated sorbents to minimize the energy consumption for carbon capture. This research aims to develop a novel and efficient approach by encapsulating sorbents to capture CO in a cold environment. The conventional emulsion technique was selected for the microcapsule formulation by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as the core sorbent and silicon dioxide as the shell. This paper reports the findings on the formulated microcapsules including key formulation parameters, microstructure, size distribution and thermal cycling stability. Furthermore, the effects of microcapsule quality and absorption temperature on the CO loading capacity of the microcapsules were investigated using a self-developed pressure decay method. The preliminary results have shown that the AMP microcapsules are promising to replace conventional sorbents.

关键词： carbon capture     microencapsulated sorbents     emulsion technique     low temperature adsorption and absorption    

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Cu-doped Bi/Bi2WO6 catalysts for efficient N2 fixation by photocatalysis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1412-1422 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2312-1

摘要： In this paper, Cu-doped Bi2WO6 was synthesized via a solvothermal method and applied it in photocatalytic N2 immobilization. Characterization results showed the presence of a small amount of metallic Bi in the photocatalyst, indicating that the synthesized photocatalyst is actually Bi/Cu-Bi2WO6 composite. The doped Cu had a valence state of +2 and most likely substituted the position of Bi3+. The introduced Cu did not affect the metallic Bi content, but mainly influenced the energy band structure of Bi2WO6. The band gap was slightly narrowed, the conduction band was elevated, and the work function was reduced. The reduced work function improved the transfer and separation of charge carriers, which mainly caused the increased photoactivity. The optimized NH3 generation rates of Bi/Cu-Bi2WO6 reached 624 and 243 μmol·L–1·g–1·h–1 under simulated solar and visible light, and these values were approximately 2.8 and 5.9 times higher those of Bi/Bi2WO6, respectively. This research provides a method for improving the photocatalytic N2 fixation and may provide more information on the design and preparation of heteroatom-doped semiconductor photocatalysts for N2-to-NH3 conversion.

关键词： Bi2WO6     Cu doping     work function     photocatalytic N2 fixation     charge separation    

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Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

HE Yiliang, ZHAO Bin, HUGHES Joseph B., HAN Sung Soo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 326-332 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0038-4

摘要： The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water-acetone mixtures and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory scale. The experimental results show that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT. Although no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions, longer reaction time was needed to remove 2,4- and 2,6-DNT completely, mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals. Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation kinetics. Based on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet (UV) spectra between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and standards, the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed: 2,4-DNT → 2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde → 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid → 1,3-dinitrobenzene → 3-nitrophenol.

关键词： presence     2     4-DNT     competition     laboratory     scavenger    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Ballistic behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs under high velocity impact

Chahmi OUCIF, Luthfi Muhammad MAULUDIN, Farid Abed

期刊论文

Cohort study of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China: evaluation

Yanhong Shou, Lu Yang, Yongsheng Yang, Xiaohua Zhu, Feng Li, Bo Yin, Yingyan Zheng, Jinhua Xu

期刊论文

深碳观测计划——对地球内部碳的十年探索

Schiffries, Andrea Johnson Mangum, Jennifer L. Mays, Michelle Hoon-Starr, Robert M. Hazen

期刊论文

系统神经工程综述：神经成像、接口及调控技术研究进展

Edelman,Nessa Johnson,Abbas Sohrabpour,童善保,Nitish Thakor,Bin He

期刊论文

Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

Johnson, Kimberly Heck, Sujin Guo, Camilah D. Powell, Thien Phan, Phillip B. Gedalanga, David T.

期刊论文

Basic consideration of research strategies for head and neck cancer

null

期刊论文

Improvement in the synthesis of 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl

GAO Shihao, SUN Chenghui, ZHAO Xinqi, GAO Changquan

期刊论文

Effect of TiO 2 loading on the activity of V/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Xiaohong LI, Wenying LI,

期刊论文

Al2O3 and CeO2-promoted MgO sorbents for CO2 capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

期刊论文

以净零排放为目标的封存驱动型CO2提高采收率方法

刘月亮, 芮振华

期刊论文

The stabilization effect of Al2O3 on unconventional Pb/SiO2 catalyst

期刊论文

Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by bacteria enriched from biological activated carbon

Rongfang YUAN, Beihai ZHOU, Chunhong SHI, Liying YU, Chunlei ZHANG, Junnong GU

期刊论文

Encapsulation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with tetraethyl orthosilicate for CO2 capture

Sidra Rama, Yan Zhang, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li

期刊论文

Cu-doped Bi/Bi2WO6 catalysts for efficient N2 fixation by photocatalysis

期刊论文

Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

HE Yiliang, ZHAO Bin, HUGHES Joseph B., HAN Sung Soo

期刊论文