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Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO and NO emissions in agricultural and forest

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1473-8

Abstract:

• Earthworms increase CO₂ and N₂O emissions in agricultural and forest soil.

Keywords： Carbon sequestration Forest soil Cattle manure biochar Greenhouse gas emissions Soil fauna

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Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306

Abstract: in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle

Keywords： cattle food safety gene editing genetic modification GMO detection regulation

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Factors affecting early embryonic development in cattle: relevance for bovine cloning

Yanna DANG, Kun ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 33-41 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018228

Abstract: Meanwhile, early embryo development is significant for somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle as a largeepigenetic modifying drugs (e.g., Trichostatin A) could greatly improve cloning efficiency in both mice and cattle

Keywords： bovine cloning embryo development somatic cell nuclear transfer X-inactive specific transcript

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Accelerating the Industrialization of Embryo Transfer Technology and Developing National Cattle Industry

Guo Zhiqin

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 12-17

Abstract:

In view of the present status and main problems in China´s cattle industry, it is necessaryEmbryo transfer is the best way for cattle improvement ,for it has the following advantages: simple operationsMeasures and methods for the application of embryo transfer technology to dairy and beef cattle are proposed

Keywords： embryo transfer industrialization cattle industry

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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition

Xiying Hao, Francis J. Larney

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0955-1

Abstract: This research investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or compostingManure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet (CK manure) and from cattle on diets whichemitted in CH form with C&D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C&D waste and 7.00% when cattle

Keywords： Livestock manure greenhouse gas flux straw bale compost bin N₂O CH₄ CO₂

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Advances in genetic engineering of domestic animals

Shaohua WANG,Kun ZHANG,Yunping DAI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 1-10 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016085

Abstract: Global population will increase to over nine billion by 2050 with the doubling in demand for meat and milk. To overcome this challenge, it is necessary to breed highly efficient and productive livestock. Furthermore, livestock are also excellent models for human diseases and ideal bioreactors to produce pharmaceutical proteins. Thus, genetic engineering of domestic animals presents a critical and valuable tool to address these agricultural and biomedical applications. Overall, genetic engineering has evolved through three stages in history: transgenesis, gene targeting, and gene editing. Since the birth of the first transgenic pig, genetic engineering in livestock has been advancing slowly due to inherent technical limitations. A major breakthrough has been the advent of somatic cell nuclear transfer, which, for the first time, provided the technical ability to produce site-specific genome-modified domestic animals. However, the low efficiency of gene targeting events in somatic cells prohibits its wide use in agricultural and biomedical applications. Recently, rapid progress in tools and methods of genome engineering has been made, allowing genetic editing from mutation of a single base pair to the deletion of entire chromosomes. Here, we review the major advances of genetic engineering in domestic animals with emphasis placed on the introduction of latest designer nucleases.

Keywords： CRISPR TALEN ZFN gene editing livestock pig cattle

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Livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

Chris PROUDFOOT, Gus MCFARLANE, Bruce WHITELAW, Simon LILLICO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 129-135 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019304

Abstract:

In recent years there has been a veritable explosion in the use of genome editors to create site-specific changes, both and , to the genomes of a multitude of species for both basic research and biotechnology. Livestock, which form a vital component of most societies, are no exception. While selective breeding has been hugely successful at enhancing some production traits, the rate of progress is often slow and is limited to variants that exist within the breeding population. Genome editing provides the potential to move traits between breeds, in a single generation, with no impact on existing productivity or to develop phenotypes that tackle intractable issues such as disease. As such, genome editors provide huge potential for ongoing livestock development programs in light of increased demand and disease challenge. This review will highlight some of the more notable agricultural applications of this technology in livestock.

Keywords： cattle pig sheep chicken aquaculture CRISPR

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Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Zachariah MCLEAN, Björn OBACK, Götz LAIBLE

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 148-160 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019305

Abstract:

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.

Keywords： animal breeding cattle cloning CRISPR/Cas9 cytoplasmic injection embryo genome editing germline chimaeras