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Bio-modification of eucalyptus chemithermomechanical pulp

YANG Qifeng, ZHAN Huaiyu, FU Shiyu, WANG Shuangfei, LI Kecheng

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 28-33 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0007-2

Abstract: However, after a tow-stage “NaSO–HO” bleaching, the final brightness can reach 70.3% ISO, which is similar

Keywords： Different     white-rot     NaSO–HO     unchanged     strength    

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Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 6,   Pages 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.

Keywords： obesity     children     adolescents     epidemiology     risk factor     prevention    

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The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion design for World Expo in Shanghai 2010

Yung Ho CHANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 519-521 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0093-3

Abstract: New technologies are becoming today’s basic building blocks. This paper presents a case study of the Shanghai Corporate Pavilion for the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. From the shape of the building to the use of solar energy, the Shanghai Corporate Pavilion incorporates the state-of-art technologies to convey the spirit of the architecture. It addresses the pressing issue of energy, environment, and sustainability and reflects the spirit of Shanghai as a historically progressive yet still fast moving international metropolis.

Keywords： 2010 World Expo     LED lights     solar energy    

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Towards a respondent-preferred ki-anonymity model

Kok-Seng WONG,Myung Ho KIM

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 720-731 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400395

Abstract: Recently, privacy concerns about data collection have received an increasing amount of attention. In data collection process, a data collector (an agency) assumed that all respondents would be comfortable with submitting their data if the published data was anonymous. We believe that this assumption is not realistic because the increase in privacy concerns causes some respondents to refuse participation or to submit inaccurate data to such agencies. If respondents submit inaccurate data, then the usefulness of the results from analysis of the collected data cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, we note that the level of anonymity (i.e., -anonymity) guaranteed by an agency cannot be verified by respondents since they generally do not have access to all of the data that is released. Therefore, we introduce the notion of -anonymity, where is the level of anonymity preferred by each respondent . Instead of placing full trust in an agency, our solution increases respondent confidence by allowing each to decide the preferred level of protection. As such, our protocol ensures that respondents achieve their preferred -anonymity during data collection and guarantees that the collected records are genuine and useful for data analysis.

Keywords： Anonymous data collection     Respondent-preferred privacy protection     k-anonymity    

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Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 6,   Pages 707-716 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0660-x

Abstract:

Understanding obesity in children is crucial because it can lead to adulthood obesity and result in fatal chronic diseases. Distinctive factors associated with obesity in adults have been described, but distinctive factors related to children remain unclear. We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of body mass index and lifestyle habits by conducting surveys on physical, nutritional, and psychological factors, and we used annual physical examination data to compare different traits among elementary school students (n = 197) and middle school students (n = 461). Our study revealed that the computing hours in elementary school students with overweight and obesity were significantly correlated with the percentage of body mass index (r = 0.29 on school days and r = 0.35 on days off, all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found (all P>0.05) in the computing hours of middle school students with overweight and obesity. Childhood obesity can cause depression and reduce children’s quality of life because of their distorted body perception. In conclusion, physical factors directly affecting childhood obesity and psychological and environmental factors surrounding a child should be considered.

Keywords： screen time     quality of life     eating habits     childhood obesity     percentage of body mass index    

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Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 470-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2231-6

Abstract: Amino-functionalized zirconia was synthesized by the co-condensation method using zirconium butanol and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane for the simultaneous removal of various impurities from aqueous 30% H2O2 solution. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Zeta potential showed that the content of N in amino-functionalized zirconia increased with the added amount of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and metallic ions from the H2O2 solution increased. The adsorbent with an N content of 1.62% exhibited superior adsorption performance. The removal efficiency of 82.7% for total oxidizable carbon, 34.2% for phosphate, 87.1% for Fe3+, 83.2% for Al3+, 55.1% for Ca2+ and 66.6% for Mg2+, with a total adsorption capacity of 119.6 mg·g–1, could be achieved. The studies conducted using simulated solutions showed that the adsorption process of phosphate on amino-functionalized zirconia is endothermic and spontaneous, and the behaviors could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 186.7 mg·g–1. The characterizations of the spent adsorbents by Zeta potential, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption mechanism of phosphate is predominantly electrostatic attraction by the protonated functional groups and complementary ligand exchange with zirconium hydroxyl groups.

Keywords： adsorption     zirconia     total oxidizable carbon     phosphate     metallic ions     hydrogen peroxide    

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photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase transition from NaBiO·2HO

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 471-482 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0778-4

Abstract: The phase transition process of a photocatalytic system from NaBiO3·2H2O to BiO2–x has been investigated to understand the important factors that affect photocatalytic performance in a composite system. It is found that a proper amount of BiO2–x on the surface of NaBiO3·2H2O could effectively suppress the electron/hole recombination and increase the exposed reactive sites for photocatalytic reaction. A fully covered BiO2–x on NaBiO3·2H2O results in a dramatical decrease of photocatalytic degradation of dye. An over long hydrothermal process can result in BiO2–x with reduced oxygen vacancies, which degrades the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reduction ability of CO2 conversion has been investigated, indicating that the surface activity to different reactants also directly affects the catalytic performance. The investigation of the gradient phase transition process presents a clear guidance to construct a desired photocatalytic system, in addition to selecting gradient materials with suitable bandgap structure and a morphology with different fraction and distribution of each component. The defect evolution of each component during construction of a composite is also an important factor that should be optimized and considered in making a composite to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency.

Keywords： composite construction     distribution     BiO2–x     evolution of defects    

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A Review on the 3D Printing of Functional Structures for Medical Phantoms and Regenerated Tissue and Organ Applications

Kan Wang, Chia-Che Ho, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5,   Pages 653-662 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.013

Abstract:

Medical models, or “phantoms,” have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms (i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms) and 3D bio-printed structures (i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors) for regenerated tissues and organs.

Keywords： 3D printing     3D bioprinting     Medical phantom     Regenerated tissue/organ     Scaffold    

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Optimization of the O/HO process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1371-5

Abstract:

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O3/H2O2 process.

Keywords： High salinity     High organic matters     Gas field wastewater     O3/H2O2     Response surface methodology    

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Capsule endoscopy—A mechatronics perspective

Lin LIN, Mahdi RASOULI, Andy Prima KENCANA, Su Lim TAN, Kai Juan WONG, Khek Yu HO, Soo Jay PHEE

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 33-39 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0203-5

Abstract:

The recent advances in integrated circuit technology, wireless communication, and sensor technology have opened the door for development of miniature medical devices that can be used for enhanced monitoring and treatment of medical conditions. Wireless capsule endoscopy is one of such medical devices that has gained significant attention during the past few years. It is envisaged that future wireless capsule endoscopies replace traditional endoscopy procedures by providing advanced functionalities such as active locomotion, body fluid/tissue sampling, and drug delivery. Development of energy-efficient miniaturized actuation mechanisms is a key step toward achieving this goal. Here, we review some of the actuators that could be integrated into future wireless capsules and discuss the existing challenges.

Keywords： wireless capsule endoscopy     ingestible medical device     in-body medical device     medical robot     miniature actuator    

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On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability

WANG Xiangrong, YONG Yi, ZHANG Hao, WANG Pingjian, WANG Shoubing, CHEN Weizhen, WANG Shixiong, HO Hing

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 178-186 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0029-5

Abstract: The background, concept, connotation, principles, and methods of eco-planning for an Eco-Demonstration Park (EDP) and sustainability were examined based on a case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China, which is an important part of Shanghai Eco-city planning and construction in the 21st century. By analyzing natural, social and economic conditions, calculating population using the land capacity eco-model, eco-function zoning, and eco-construction, an innovative eco-industrial structure and technical chain were formulated. A comprehensive eco-planning scheme for the EDP was proposed, including planning and management strategies for subsystems of efficient industry, good quality human settlement, high standard eco-construction and eco-tourism as well as effective environmental protection and attractive landscape. The EDP should be an area with coordinated and sustainable economic, social and environmental subsystems. Eco-planning for the EDP should be a very important part of eco-city planning and sustainability. The paper aims to set up a theoretical framework and practical basis for eco-planning and promoting harmony between human and nature.

Keywords： connotation     Eco-Demonstration     environmental protection     settlement     management    

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Innovative seismic retrofitting strategy of added stories isolation system

Min-Ho CHEY, J. Geoffrey CHASE, John B. MANDER, Athol J. CARR

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 13-23 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0195-9

Abstract: The seismic performance of “added stories isolation” (ASI) systems are investigated for 12-story moment resisting frames. The newly added and isolated upper stories on the top of the existing structure are rolled to act as a large tuned mass damper (TMD) to overcome the limitation of the size of tuned mass, resulting to “12+2” and “12+4” stories building configurations. The isolation layer, as a core design strategy, is optimally designed based on optimal TMD design principle, entailing the insertion of passive flexible laminated rubber bearings to segregate two or four upper stories from a conventionally constructed lower superstructure system. Statistical performance metrics are presented for 30 earthquake records from the 3 suites of the SAC project. Time history analyses are used to compute various response performances and reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard intensities. Results show that ASI systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi-degree-of freedom (MDOF) systems across a broader range of ground motions without requiring burdensome extra mass. Specific results include the identification of differences in the number of added story by which the suggested isolation systems remove energy.

Keywords： added stories     seismic isolation     tuned mass damper     parametric optimization     statistical method    

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Heuristic solution using decision tree model for enhanced XML schema matching of bridge structural calculation documents

PARK, Sang-Ho LEE

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6,   Pages 1403-1417 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0666-8

Abstract: Research on the quality of data in a structural calculation document (SCD) is lacking, although the SCD of a bridge is used as an essential reference during the entire lifecycle of the facility. XML Schema matching enables qualitative improvement of the stored data. This study aimed to enhance the applicability of XML Schema matching, which improves the speed and quality of information stored in bridge SCDs. First, the authors proposed a method of reducing the computing time for the schema matching of bridge SCDs. The computing speed of schema matching was increased by 13 to 1800 times by reducing the checking process of the correlations. Second, the authors developed a heuristic solution for selecting the optimal weight factors used in the matching process to maintain a high accuracy by introducing a decision tree. The decision tree model was built using the content elements stored in the SCD, design companies, bridge types, and weight factors as input variables, and the matching accuracy as the target variable. The inverse-calculation method was applied to extract the weight factors from the decision tree model for high-accuracy schema matching results.

Keywords： structural calculation document     bridge structure     XML Schema matching     weight factor     data mining     decision tree model    

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Parametric control of structural responses using an optimal passive tuned mass damper under stationary Gaussian white noise excitations

Min-Ho CHEY, Jae-Ung KIM

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 267-280 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0170-x

Abstract: In this study, the structural control strategy utilizing a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) system as a seismic damping device is outlined, highlighting the parametric optimization approach for displacement and acceleration control. The theory of stationary random processes and complex frequency response functions are explained and adopted. For the vibration control of an undamped structure, the optimal parameters of a TMD, such as the optimal tuning frequency and optimal damping ratio, to stationary Gaussian white noise acceleration are investigated by using a parametric optimization procedure. For damped structures, a numerical searching technique is used to obtain the optimal parameters of the TMD, and then the explicit formulae for these optimal parameters are derived through a sequence of curve-fitting schemes. Using these specified optimal parameters, several different controlled responses are examined, and then the displacement and acceleration based control effectiveness indices of the TMD are examined from the view point of RMS values. From the viewpoint of the RMS values of displacement and acceleration, the optimal TMDs adopted in this study shows clear performance improvements for the simplified model examined, and this means that the effective optimization of the TMD has a good potential as a customized target response-based structural strategy.

Keywords： tuned mass damper     parametric optimization     passive control     white noise     earthquake excitation    

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A Closer Look at the Design of Cutterheads for Hard Rock Tunnel-Boring Machines

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 6,   Pages 892-904 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.009

Abstract:

The success of a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) in a given project depends on the functionality of all components of the system, from the cutters to the backup system, and on the entire rolling stock. However, no part of the machine plays a more crucial role in the efficient operation of the machine than its cutterhead. The design of the cutterhead impacts the efficiency of cutting, the balance of the head, the life of the cutters, the maintenance of the main bearing/gearbox, and the effectiveness of the mucking along with its effects on the wear of the face and gage cutters/muck buckets. Overall, cutterhead design heavily impacts the rate of penetration (ROP), rate of machine utilization (U), and daily advance rate (AR). Although there has been some discussion in commonly available publications regarding disk cutters, cutting forces, and some design features of the head, there is limited literature on this subject because the design of cutterheads is mainly handled by machine manufacturers. Most of the design process involves proprietary algorithms by the manufacturers, and despite recent attention on the subject, the design of rock TBMs has been somewhat of a mystery to most end-users. This paper is an attempt to demystify the basic concepts in design. Although it may not be sufficient for a full-fledged design by the readers, this paper allows engineers and contractors to understand the thought process in the design steps, what to look for in a proper design, and the implications of the head design on machine operation and life cycle.

Keywords： TBM cutterhead design     Cutterhead layout     Disk cutters     Cutting pattern     TBM efficiency    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Bio-modification of eucalyptus chemithermomechanical pulp

YANG Qifeng, ZHAN Huaiyu, FU Shiyu, WANG Shuangfei, LI Kecheng

Journal Article

Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

Journal Article

The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion design for World Expo in Shanghai 2010

Yung Ho CHANG

Journal Article

Towards a respondent-preferred ki-anonymity model

Kok-Seng WONG,Myung Ho KIM

Journal Article

Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

Journal Article

Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

Journal Article

photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase transition from NaBiO·2HO

Journal Article

A Review on the 3D Printing of Functional Structures for Medical Phantoms and Regenerated Tissue and Organ Applications

Kan Wang, Chia-Che Ho, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang

Journal Article

Optimization of the O/HO process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor

Journal Article

Capsule endoscopy—A mechatronics perspective

Lin LIN, Mahdi RASOULI, Andy Prima KENCANA, Su Lim TAN, Kai Juan WONG, Khek Yu HO, Soo Jay PHEE

Journal Article

On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability

WANG Xiangrong, YONG Yi, ZHANG Hao, WANG Pingjian, WANG Shoubing, CHEN Weizhen, WANG Shixiong, HO Hing

Journal Article

Innovative seismic retrofitting strategy of added stories isolation system

Min-Ho CHEY, J. Geoffrey CHASE, John B. MANDER, Athol J. CARR

Journal Article

Heuristic solution using decision tree model for enhanced XML schema matching of bridge structural calculation documents

PARK, Sang-Ho LEE

Journal Article

Parametric control of structural responses using an optimal passive tuned mass damper under stationary Gaussian white noise excitations

Min-Ho CHEY, Jae-Ung KIM

Journal Article

A Closer Look at the Design of Cutterheads for Hard Rock Tunnel-Boring Machines

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

Journal Article