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Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Research Article

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12, Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100525

Abstract: We present a low-power inductorless wideband differential using a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process for a . With a shunt–shunt feedback and capacitive coupling structure, theoretical analysis and simulations were undertaken, highlighting the relationship of the amplifier gain with the tunable design parameters of the circuit. In this way, the design and optimization flexibility can be increased, and a required gain can be achieved even without an accurate cryogenic device model. To realize a flat terminal impedance over the frequency of interest, an RC shunt compensation structure was employed, improving the amplifier’s closed-loop stability and suppressing the amplifier overshoot. The -parameters and transient performance were measured at room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature (4.2 K). With good input and output matching, the measurement results showed that the amplifier achieved a 21-dB gain with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.13 GHz at 300 K. At 4.2 K, the gain of the amplifier can be tuned from 15 to 24 dB, achieving a 3-dB bandwidth spanning from 120 kHz to 1.3 GHz and consuming only 3.1 mW. Excluding the chip pads, the amplifier chip core area was only about 0.073 mm.

Keywords：超低温放大器；宽带放大器；超导纳米线单光子探测器

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A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design Correspondences

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 346-350 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000513

Abstract: A wideband power amplifier is one of the key components in mobile communication systems and radar systems because it is a key component of radio frequency (RF) front-end systems, and its performance occupies a dominant position in the entire system function. GaN as the representative of the third generation of wide band gap semiconductors has the advantages of wide band gap, high electron mobility, and high breakdown field strength (Mishra et al., 2008; Millán et al., 2014). The power density of the device far exceeds that of Si and GaAs. Because of its high frequency, high power, high efficiency, high temperature resistance, high radiation resistance, and other excellent characteristics, GaN MMICs have broad application prospects in the microwave and millimeter wave bands.

Keywords： K波段；高效率；宽带；氮化镓（GaN）；功率放大器

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A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis Research Articles

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 9, Pages 1260-1269 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000292

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of designing an integrated with a filter using an active . The filter is directly coupled to the active device, and the integrated filter can achieve filtering as well as matching functionalities, simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate matching networks. The filter is represented by an active , with additional columns and rows in the matrix corresponding to the active transistor. The matrix can be used to calculate the S-parameter responses (i.e., the return loss and the gain) and the initial dimensions of the integrated device. Moreover, the integration of a filter and an leads to a reduced loss and a more compact architecture of the devices. An X-band filter has been designed and demonstrated as an example. technology has been chosen because of its appealing advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and most importantly, easy integration with active devices.

Keywords：放大器；滤波–放大器集成；微带线；耦合矩阵

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High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method Research Article

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 176-186 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200082

Abstract: A ’s linearity determines the emission signal’s quality and the efficiency of the system. Nonlinear distortion can result in system bit error, out-of-band radiation, and interference with other channels, which severely influence communication system’s quality and reliability. Starting from the third-order intermodulation point of the s, the circuit’s nonlinearity is compensated for. The analysis, design, and implementation of linear class AB mm-Wave s based on GlobalFoundries 45 nm technology are presented. Three single-ended and differential stacked s have been implemented based on cascode cells and triple cascode cells operating in U-band frequencies. According to nonlinear analysis and on-wafer measurements, designs based on triple cascode cells outperform those based on cascode cells. Using single-ended measurements, the differential achieves a measured peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 47.2% and a saturated output power () of 25.2 dBm at 44 GHz. The amplifier achieves a higher than 23 dBm and a maximum PAE higher than 25% in the measured bandwidth from 44 GHz to 50 GHz.

Keywords： CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Linearity analysis Milimeter wave (mm-Wave) Power amplifier

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Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review Review Articles

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 72-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900467

Abstract: Highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) and associated linearization techniques have been developed to accommodate the explosive growth in the data transmission rate and application of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems. In this paper, energy-efficient integrated Doherty PA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and linearization techniques are reviewed for both the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth-generation (5G) mMIMO systems; different semi-conductor processes and architectures are compared and analyzed. Since the 5G protocols have not yet been finalized and PA specifications for mMIMO are still under consideration, it is worth investigating novel design methods to further improve their efficiency and linearity performance. Digital predistortion techniques need to evolve to be adapted in mMIMO systems, and some creative linearity enhancement techniques are needed to simultaneously improve the compensation accuracy and reduce the power consumption.

Keywords： Energy-efficient Linearization Massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) Power amplifier

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Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review Review Articles

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 97-115 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900491

Abstract: With a lot of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications being issued, wideband circuits and systems have attracted much attention because of their strong applicability and versatility. In this paper, four transformer-based ultra-wideband mm-Wave circuits demonstrated in CMOS technologies are reviewed from theoretical analysis, implementation, to performance. First, we introduce a mm-Wave low-noise amplifier with transformer-based Gm-boosting and pole-tuning techniques. It achieves wide operating bandwidth, low noise figure, and good gain performance. Second, we review an injection-current-boosting tech-nique which can significantly increase the locking range of mm-Wave injection-locked frequency triplers. Based on the injection- locked principle, we also discuss an ultra-wideband mm-Wave divider with the transformer-based high-order resonator. Finally, an E-band up-conversion mixer is presented; using the two-path transconductance stage and transformer-based load, it obtains good linearity and a large operating band.

Keywords： CMOS Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) Ultra-wideband Transformer Low-noise amplifier Injection-locked fre-quency tripler Injection-locked frequency divider Mixer

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A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier Research Article

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 3, Pages 470-479 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200250

Abstract: A novel method is proposed to extend the range of the . This study reveals that the OPBO range of the DPA can be extended by tuning the of the peaking stage away from infinity and changing the phase delay of the output matching network of the carrier power amplifier. Based on this theory, a large-OPBO-range high-efficiency asymmetrical DPA working band from 1.55 to 2.2 GHz (35% relative bandwidth) is designed to verify the proposed method. Experimental results show that the DPA operates from 1.6 to 2.1 GHz. The range of the measured efficiency is 42.2%–52.1% in the OPBO state and 47%–62.7% in the saturation state. The OPBO range is 11.1–13.2 dB.

Keywords： Doherty power amplifier (DPA) Output power back-off (OPBO) Output impedance Network phase

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Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control Research Articles

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 268-290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900447

Abstract: This study is concerned with probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) with state feedback control. A novel definition of bisimilar PBCNs is proposed to lower computational complexity. To understand more on bisimulation relations between PBCNs, we resort to a powerful matrix manipulation called semi-tensor product (STP). Because stabilization of networks is of critical importance, the propagation of stabilization with probability one between bisimilar PBCNs is then considered and proved to be attainable. Additionally, the transient periods (the maximum number of steps to implement stabilization) of two PBCNs are certified to be identical if these two networks are paired with a bisimulation relation. The results are then extended to the probabilistic Boolean networks.

Keywords： Probabilistic Boolean control network Bisimulation Stabilization with probability one State feedback control

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A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 586-598 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000510

Abstract: A 9.8–30.1 GHz (LNA) with a 3.2-dB minimum noise figure (NF) is presented. At the architecture level, a topology based on (CG) cascading with a common-source (CS) amplifier is proposed for simultaneous wideband input matching and relatively high gain. At the circuit level, multiple techniques are proposed to improve LNA performance. First, in the CG stage, loading effect is properly used instead of the conventional feedback technique, to enable simultaneous impedance and noise matching. Second, based on in-depth theoretical analysis, the inductor- and -based techniques are employed for the CG and CS stages, respectively, to enhance the gain and reduce power consumption. Third, the floating-body method, which was originally proposed to lower NF in CS amplifiers, is adopted in the CG stage to further reduce NF. Fabricated in a 65-nm technology, the LNA chip occupies an area of only 0.2 mm and measures a maximum power gain of 10.9 dB with −3 dB bandwidth from 9.8 to 30.1 GHz. The NF exhibits a minimum value of 3.2 dB at 15 GHz and is below 5.7 dB across the entire bandwidth. The LNA consumes 15.6 mW from a 1.2-V supply.

Keywords： CMOS；跨导提升技术；低噪声放大器；变压器；共栅级

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Simulation on Scaling-up for Coupling to Oxalic Acid in Gaseous Phase

Wang Baowei,Ma Xinbin,Li Zhenhua,Xu Genhui

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 79-85

Abstract:

The synthesis of oxalic acid by CO coupling reaction in gaseous phase is a circulating system with multi-step reactions. The best catalyst was prepared and the reaction mechanism was proposed in the past work. It was found that the key problem for scaling-up this process is to match the CO coupling reaction rate with the regeneration rate. In this thesis, these two reactions were simulated by analyzing the sensitivity of operating parameters based on the acquired reaction kinetics. It was proposed that the match of these two reactions is a complex non-linear process. The key technique was investigated during the scale-up experiments of catalyst preparation and CO coupling reaction. By analyzing the simulation and experimental results, the key problem for the match of CO coupling with regeneration reaction was resolved. The scale-up circulating system for oxalic production was continuously run for 1000 hours and no intermediates was vented. It was proved that the match of these two reactions was achieved and an environmentally benign process for oxalic acid production has been set-up after a series of study. It provides a new technology for industrial production of oxalic acid.

Keywords： CO coupling oxalic acid scale-up experiment catalytic engineering

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Study on the Fermentation Processes at Multi-levels in Bioreactor and Its Application for Special Purposes——Optimization and Scaling Up of the Fermentation Process Based on the Parameter Correlation Method

Zhang siliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 8, Pages 37-45

Abstract:

After reviewing the basic idea, methods of optimization and scale up for fermentation process adopted by many researchers for quite a long time, the author believes that the static optimizing method based on the kinetic conception with conventional optimum operating condition, in fact, is only an extension of kinetic conception of chemical engineering to the fermentation process. Such being the case, the existence of cellular metabolic flux is often neglected. Thus, the viewpoint to emphasize the metabolic flux analysis and control in bioreactor is put forward in this paper. Through several further experiments, the optimization technology of fermentation process at multi-levels based on the parameter correlation methodology and scaling-up strategy with multi parameters modulation have been realized. With the development of process sensing and computer technology, the new concept bioreactor (FUS-50L(A)) is used for fermentation processes optimization and scale up. This new bioreactor aimed at the measurement of material flux has been successfully applied to the fermentation of penicillin, erythromycin, aureomycin, inosine, guanosine, as well as the cultivation of recombinant human serum albumin, malaria vaccine, etc. As a result, thirty percent to several folds increase in titers were achieved. The process can be directly used for the scale up of Permentor from 50 liters to several hundred liters, even to 100 m³.

Keywords： bioreactor fermentation optimization scale up

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Miniaturized UWB multi-resonance patch antenna loaded with novel modified H-shape SRR metamaterial for microspacecraft applications Article

Parul DAWAR, N. S. RAGHAVA, Asok DE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 1883-1891 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601193

Abstract: We present the design and analysis of a novel modified H-shaped split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial. It has negative permeability and permittivity characteristics with multi-band resonance for the X, Ku, and Ka frequency bands. Different configurations of the patch antenna have been analyzed with different orientations and positions of the metamaterial. Optimized performance was achieved with the new shape of the metamaterial antenna with an appreciable 9 dB gain, 77 GHz bandwidth, 100% radiation efficiency, and 65% reduction in active area. The second-order fractal metamaterial antenna achieves high min-iaturization on the order of 1/21. This is truly a boon in the communications world, as a sharp beam with smaller physical di-mensions is urgently required.

Keywords： Ultra-wideband (UWB) Antenna Metamaterial

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A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity Correspondence

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 975-983 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100421

Abstract:

We present a novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity. The proposed antenna consists of eight printed dipole elements in the form of a circular array. The arms of adjacent elements overlap for capacitive loading. Unlike traditional circular arrays, a method of exciting elements in the form of every two intervals is first introduced. We prove that this method can maintain the wideband characteristics of the antenna. Four independent feeding ports in a ring antenna aperture are designed for the polarization/pattern diversity with suitable feeding networks. As an example, a wideband dual-polarized antenna was designed based on the proposed ring antenna. To achieve two orthogonal linear polarizations with maximum radiation in the direction, two adjacent elements are extracted periodically to feed through one port. The differential feeding network and integrated Baluns have been designed to realize broadside radiation patterns, considering impedance and phase matching. Because the proposed antenna is hollow, it is a good candidate for a multiband sharing aperture antenna element. Results show that the proposed antenna has an overlapped bandwidth of 50.5% (1.04–1.82 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 for the two polarizations, and port isolation less than 23 dB. The measured realized gain ranges from 6.1 to 8.1 dBi, with stable broadside radiation patterns over the operating frequency band.

Keywords：环形天线；宽带天线；极化分集；方向图分集

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Aeronautical Mobile Communication: The Evolution from Narrowband to Broadband

Jun Zhang

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 431-434 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.002

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Electrochemical Removal of Chlorophenol Pollutants by Reactive Electrode Membranes: Scale-up Strategy for Engineered Applications Article

Shuzhao Pei, Yi Wang, Shijie You, Zhanguo Li, Nanqi Ren

Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 77-84 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.017

Abstract:

Chlorophenols (CPs) are significant refractory pollutants that are highly toxic to humans and other organisms. Reactive electrode membranes (REMs) show considerable potential in the electrochemical removal of refractory pollutants by allowing flow-through operations with convection-enhanced mass transfer. However, relevant studies are commonly performed on the laboratory scale, and there is no straightforward method that guarantees success in scaling up engineered REM reactors. In this study, we demonstrated that a tubular concentric electrode (TCE) configuration with a titanium suboxide ceramic anode and a stainless-steel cathode is suitable for large-scale CPs removal. Both theoretical and experimental results showed that the TCE configuration not only allows the electrode surface to be orthogonal to electric field lines everywhere, but also has an ohmic resistance that is inversely proportional to the length of the electrode. In addition, the TCE configuration can be operated in either the anode-to-cathode (AC) or the cathode-to-anode (CA) mode based on the flow direction, creating adjustable conditions for selective degradation of CPs. This was confirmed by 98% removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 72.5% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the CA mode, in which the kinetic constant was one order of magnitude higher than that for the AC mode under flow-through single-pass operations. This can be explained by the lower activation energy and free energy in the CA mode, as revealed by theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The TCE configuration is also suitable for a numbering-up strategy to scale up the electrochemical reactor without increasing the ohmic resistance or decreasing the specific electrode area, achieving 99.4% removal of 2,4-DCP with an energy consumption of 1.5 kW·h·m⁻³ when three TCE modules were employed. This study presents a suitable electrode design configuration for the REM reactor, offering effective strategies to bridge the “Valley of Death” encountered when scaling up the electrochemical removal of CP pollutants.

Keywords： Chlorophenols Reactive electrode membrane Tubular concentric electrode Scale-up

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Journal Article

Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Journal Article

Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Journal Article

A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Journal Article

Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Journal Article

A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Journal Article

Simulation on Scaling-up for Coupling to Oxalic Acid in Gaseous Phase

Wang Baowei,Ma Xinbin,Li Zhenhua,Xu Genhui

Journal Article

Zhang siliang

Journal Article

Miniaturized UWB multi-resonance patch antenna loaded with novel modified H-shape SRR metamaterial for microspacecraft applications

Parul DAWAR, N. S. RAGHAVA, Asok DE

Journal Article

A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Journal Article