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Life cycle carbon emission assessment of a multi-purpose university building: A case study of Sri Lanka

Ramya KUMANAYAKE, Hanbin LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 381-393 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018055

摘要：

Buildings are known to significantly affect the global carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. To mitigate carbon emissions, investigation of the current performance of buildings with regard to energy consumption and carbon emissions is necessary. This paper presents a process-based life cycle assessment methodology for assessing carbon emissions of buildings, using a multi-storey reinforced concrete building in a Sri Lankan university as a case study. The entire cradle-to-grave building life cycle was assessed and the life span of the building was assumed as 50 years. The results provide evidence of the significance of operation and material production stages, which contributed to the total carbon emissions by 63.22% and 31.59% respectively. Between them, the main structural materials, concrete and reinforcement steel made up 61.91% of the total carbon emitted at the material production stage. The life cycle carbon emissions of the building were found to be 31.81 kg·m⁻² CO₂ per year, which is comparable with the values obtained in similar studies found in the literature. In minimizing the life cycle carbon emissions, the importance of identifying control measures for both building operation and material production at the early design stage were emphasized. Although the other life cycle stages only contributed to about 5.19% of the life cycle carbon emissions, they should also receive attention when formulating control strategies. Some of the recommended strategies are introducing energy efficiency measures in building design and operation, using renewable energy for building operation and manufacturing of materials, identifying designs that can save mass material quantities, using alternative materials that are locally available in Sri Lanka and implementing material reuse and recycling. This study is one of the first to undertake a life cycle carbon emissions assessment for a building in the Sri Lankan context, with the hope of facilitating environmentally-friendly buildings and promoting sustainable construction practices in the country.

关键词： carbon emission life cycle assessment buildings sustainable construction Sri Lanka

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Upgrading to urban water system 3.0 through sponge city construction

Nanqi Ren, Qian Wang, Qiuru Wang, Hong Huang, Xiuheng Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0960-4

摘要： Urban water system 3.0 (Blue, gray, brown and yellow arrows represent water flow, wastewater flow, resource and energy respectively) Facing the pressure of excessive water consumption, high pollution load and rainstorm waterlogging, linear and centralized urban water system, system 2.0, as well as traditional governance measures gradually exposed characters of water-sensitivity, vulnerability and unsustainability, subsequently resulting in a full-blown crisis of water shortage, water pollution and waterlogging. To systematically relieve such crisis, we established healthy urban water-cycling system 3.0, in which decentralized sewerage systems, spongy infrastructures and ecological rivers play critical roles. Through unconventional water resource recycling, whole process control of pollutions and ecological restoration, system 3.0 with integrated management measures, is expected to fit for multiple purposes which involve environmental, ecological, economic and social benefits. With advantages of flexibility, resilience and sustainability, water system 3.0 will show an increasingly powerful vitality in the near future.

关键词： Water crisis Urban water system Spongy city Decentralized system Multi-purpose

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通用智能本体

卢策吾,王世全

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第3期页码 221-226 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.013

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Parameter prediction in laser bending of aluminum alloy sheet

WANG Xuyue, XU Weixing, CHEN Hua, WANG Jinsong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 293-298 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0046-x

摘要： Based on the basic platform of BP neural networks, a BP network model is established to predict the bending angle in the laser bending process of an aluminum alloy sheet (1–2 mm in thickness) and to optimize laser bending parameters for bending control. The sample experimental data is used to train the BP network. The nonlinear regularities of sample data are fitted through the trained BP network; the predicted results include laser bending angles and parameters. Experimental results indicate that the prediction allowance is controlled less than 5%–8% and can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for industry purpose.

关键词： control industry purpose nonlinear network aluminum

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QLY2150型风电专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制与实践

黄耀怡,张志华,景海州,代宇

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 105-112

摘要：

简要介绍国内外风力发电建设的形势和我国对风电建设的最新发展规划，详细介绍基于上述形势而提出的QLY2150型风电安装专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制项目的总体方案、关键技术、创新点和实施细则。最后介绍样机投入风电场实际使用的情况，指出该新型吊机相对于通用轮胎式、汽车式和履带式吊机的优势所在。

关键词：风电专用吊机新型研制应用

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Multi-objective optimization for the multi-mode finance-based project scheduling problem

Sameh Al-SHIHABI, Mohammad AlDURGAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 223-237 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0097-1

摘要： The finance-based scheduling problem (FBSP) is about scheduling project activities without exceeding a credit line financing limit. The FBSP is extended to consider different execution modes that result in the multi-mode FBSP (MMFBSP). Unfortunately, researchers have abandoned the development of exact models to solve the FBSP and its extensions. Instead, researchers have heavily relied on the use of heuristics and meta-heuristics, which do not guarantee solution optimality. No exact models are available for contractors who look for optimal solutions to the multi-objective MMFBSP. CPLEX, which is an exact solver, has witnessed a significant decrease in its computation time. Moreover, its current version, CPLEX 12.9, solves multi-objective optimization problems. This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for the multi-objective MMFBSP. Using CPLEX 12.9, we discuss several techniques that researchers can use to optimize a multi-objective MMFBSP. We test our model by solving several problems from the literature. We also show how to solve multi-objective optimization problems by using CPLEX 12.9 and how computation time increases as problem size increases. The small increase in computation time compared with possible cost savings make exact models a must for practitioners. Moreover, the linear programming-relaxation of the model, which takes seconds, can provide an excellent lower bound.

关键词： multi-objective optimization finance-based scheduling multi-mode project scheduling mixed-integer linear programming CPLEX

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Build orientation determination of multi-feature mechanical parts in selective laser melting via multi-objective

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0737-8

摘要： Selective laser melting (SLM) is a unique additive manufacturing (AM) category that can be used to manufacture mechanical parts. It has been widely used in aerospace and automotive using metal or alloy powder. The build orientation is crucial in AM because it affects the as-built part, including its part accuracy, surface roughness, support structure, and build time and cost. A mechanical part is usually composed of multiple surface features. The surface features carry the production and design knowledge, which can be utilized in SLM fabrication. This study proposes a method to determine the build orientation of multi-feature mechanical parts (MFMPs) in SLM. First, the surface features of an MFMP are recognized and grouped for formulating the particular optimization objectives. Second, the estimation models of involved optimization objectives are established, and a set of alternative build orientations (ABOs) is further obtained by many-objective optimization. Lastly, a multi-objective decision making method integrated by the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution and cosine similarity measure is presented to select an optimal build orientation from those ABOs. The weights of the feature groups and considered objectives are achieved by a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Two case studies are reported to validate the proposed method with numerical results, and the effectiveness comparison is presented. Physical manufacturing is conducted to prove the performance of the proposed method. The measured average sampling surface roughness of the most crucial feature of the bracket in the original orientation and the orientations obtained by the weighted sum model and the proposed method are 15.82, 10.84, and 10.62 μm, respectively. The numerical and physical validation results demonstrate that the proposed method is desirable to determine the build orientations of MFMPs with competitive results in SLM.

关键词： selective laser melting (SLM) build orientation determination multi-feature mechanical part (MFMP) fuzzy analytical hierarchy process multi-objective decision making (MODM)

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A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 877-894 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0756-2

摘要： Many bridge design specifications consider multi-lane factors (MLFs) a critical component of the traffic load model. Measured multi-lane traffic data generally exhibit significant lane disparities in traffic loads over multiple lanes. However, these disparities are not considered in current specifications. To address this drawback, a multi-coefficient MLF model was developed based on an improved probabilistic statistical approach that considers the presence of multiple trucks. The proposed MLF model and approach were calibrated and demonstrated through an example site. The model sensitivity analysis demonstrated the significant influence of lane disparity of truck traffic volume and truck weight distribution on the MLF. Using the proposed approach, the experimental site study yielded MLFs comparable with those directly calculated using traffic load effects. The exclusion of overloaded trucks caused the proposed approach, existing design specifications, and conventional approach of ignoring lane load disparity to generate comparable MLFs, while the MLFs based on the proposed approach were the most comprehensive. The inclusion of overloaded trucks caused the conventional approach and design specifications to overestimate the MLFs significantly. Finally, the benefits of the research results to bridge practitioners were discussed.

关键词： bridges multi-lane factor traffic load lane load disparity multi-truck presence weigh-in-motion data

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Development of machine learning multi-city model for municipal solid waste generation prediction

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1551-6

摘要：

● A database of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in China was established.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Machine learning Multi-cities Gradient boost regression tree

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A naive optimization method for multi-line systems with alternative machines

Weichang KONG, Fei QIAO, Qidi WU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 377-392 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0544-z

摘要： The scheduling of parallel machines and the optimization of multi-line systems are two hotspots in the field of complex manufacturing systems. When the two problems are considered simultaneously, the resulting problem is much more complex than either of them. Obtaining sufficient training data for conventional data-based optimization approaches is difficult because of the high diversity of system structures. Consequently, optimization of multi-line systems with alternative machines requires a simple mechanism and must be minimally dependent on historical data. To define a general multi-line system with alternative machines, this study introduces the capability vector and matrix and the distribution vector and matrix. A naive optimization method is proposed in accordance with classic feedback control theory, and its key approaches are introduced. When a reasonable target value is provided, the proposed method can realize closed-loop optimization to the selected objective performance. Case studies are performed on a real 5/6-inch semiconductor wafer manufacturing facility and a simulated multi-line system constructed on the basis of the MiniFAB model. Results show that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently optimize various objective performance. The method demonstrates a potential for utilization in multi-objective optimization.

关键词： multi-line systems alternative machines feedback control closed-loop optimization

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Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 745-762 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0935-4

摘要： An analytical model based on complex variable theory is proposed to investigate ground responses due to shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground with an arbitrary ground surface load. The ground layers are assumed to be linear-elastic with full-stick contact between them. To solve the proposed multi-boundary problem, a series of analytic functions is introduced to accurately express the stresses and displacements contributed by different boundaries. Based on the principle of linear-elastic superposition, the multi-boundary problem is converted into a superposition of multiple single-boundary problems. The conformal mappings of different boundaries are independent of each other, which allows the stress and displacement fields to be obtained by the sum of components from each boundary. The analytical results are validated based on numerical and in situ monitoring results. The present model is superior to the classical model for analyzing ground responses of shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground; thus, it can be used with assurance to estimate the ground movement and surface building safety of shallow tunnel constructions beneath surface buildings. Moreover, the solution for the ground stress distribution can be used to estimate the safety of a single-layer composite ground.

关键词： analytical model mechanical response multi-layered ground shallow tunneling ground surface load complex variable solution

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WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE: MULTI-POLLUTANT PERSPECTIVES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 639-647 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023527

摘要：

Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water. With population growth and increasing food demand, more nutrients, plastics, pesticides, pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century. As a result, water science has been shifting from single-pollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments. This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective. These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters. Based on the highlights, a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture (UN Sustainable Development Goal 2) and clean water (UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14). This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution, it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry.

关键词： water quality agriculture multi-pollutant assessment hotspots interactions

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A cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for water environmental monitoring

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1590-z

摘要：

● A cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for in-field detection.

关键词： Colorimetric analysis Multi-channel sensor Cellphone Water quality indexes Environmental monitoring

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On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 1-23 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0790-0

摘要： This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples. The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data, taken from four high-dynamic tests. The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model. It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens. The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements, subjected to solar heating. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity (RH) of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete. The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring. It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice. Overall, it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value. However, its degree varies with these examples. In any case, it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources, namely, multi-scale structural analysis, conventional structural analysis, and experiments.

关键词： experiments multi-scale analysis conventional structural analysis concrete reinforced concrete

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Anisotropy of multi-layered structure with sliding and bonded interlayer conditions

Lingyun YOU, Kezhen YAN, Jianhong MAN, Nengyuan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 632-645 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0617-4

摘要： A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the multi-layered structure under external loading is the most important item for the structural design and the risk assessment. The objective of this study are to propose and develop an analytical solution for the mechanical behaviors of multi-layered structure generated by axisymmetric loading, and to investigate the impact of anisotropic layers and interlayer conditions on the multi-layered structure. To reach these objectives, first, according to the governing equations, the analytical solution for a single layer was formulated by adopting the spatial Hankel transform. Then the global matrix technique is applied to achieve the analytical solution of multi-layered structure in Hankel domain. The sliding and bonded interlayer conditions were considered in this process. Finally, the numerical inversion of integral transform was used to solve the components of displacement and stress in real domain. Gauss-Legendre quadrature is a key scheme in the numerical inversion process. Moreover, following by the verification of the proposed analytical solution, one typical three-layered flexible pavement was applied as the computing carrier of numerical analysis for the multi-layered structure. The results have shown that the anisotropic layers and the interlayer conditions significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of the proposed structure.

关键词： multi-layered structure Hankel transformation anisotropic transversely isotropic interlayer condition Gauss-Legendre quadrature